Vol. 3 No. 8 (2025): Economic Development and Analysis

The article analyzes the key indicators of small business development in Uzbekistan during 2020–2025. It highlights the steady growth of small business contributions to GDP, industry, construction, retail trade, services, and foreign trade. The study also discusses persisting challenges, including limited access to financial resources, lack of skilled workforce, market competition imbalances, and the incompatibility of export products with international standards. The paper proposes practical recommendations aimed at enhancing the role of small business in the national economy.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of student mobility and tourism flows in Central Asia, drawing on the experience of the European Union. The economic impact of student flows is assessed through empirical analysis, which confirms the long‑term economic efficiency of the “student‑tourist” synergy. Based on these findings, the study proposes a new integrative framework for the Central Asian states—the Silk Road Student Mobility Program. The model merges a digital platform, an integration network and financial instruments to create a unified regional ecosystem for student mobility. The paper offers science‑based, practical recommendations aimed at boosting the economic contribution of student tourism and deepening regional integration across Central Asia.

This research paper examines the theoretical foundations of the marketing concept, the stages of its development and the practical features of its application in the tourism sector. Currently, the marketing concept is considered not only as a strategic approach aimed at selling a product or service, but also as a management philosophy based on a deep focus on customer needs. The study analyzes the role of marketing tools in the context of specific features of tourism - seasonality, direct contact with the consumer and the importance of service quality.

Настоящая статья анализирует современные подходы к оценке различий в экономическом развитии регионов на научной основе. Во введении подчеркивается значимость региональных различий в глобальной экономике, акцентируя тенденции, такие как цифровизация, устойчивость и резилиентность. Обзор литературы, основанный на более чем 15 статьях из престижных международных журналов за последние годы, обсуждает группы, включая пространственное моделирование, цифровой анализ, резилиентность и институциональные факторы. Методология основана на дизайне смешанных методов, включающем синтез литературы и систематический анализ. Результаты анализа раскрывают динамику различий через пространственную автокорреляцию, экологическую чувствительность и институциональные индикаторы, демонстрируя процессы дивергенции в развивающихся странах. В заключении оцениваются преимущества и ограничения подходов, рекомендуется политика, основанная на месте, зеленые инвестиции и цифровая интеграция. Результаты имеют научную и практическую ценность для сокращения региональных различий.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms in Uzbekistan, focusing on international best practices and the potential for their adaptation to national conditions. Case studies from the United Kingdom, Turkey, China, Canada, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, India, UAE, and South Korea are examined, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, risk management approaches, and institutional frameworks. The paper explores barriers, opportunities, financial and legal aspects of PPP development in Uzbekistan, employing SWOT and PESTEL analyses. Statistical data on investment volumes, job creation, and the impact of PPP on improving the quality of tourism services are included. Finally, the study proposes 10 concrete recommendations for government, private sector, and international stakeholders.

In this article, the foreign trade activities of the districts of Khorezm region have been thoroughly analyzed. The foreign trade potential and existing challenges of each district have been studied, and based on the findings, relevant conclusions and recommendations have been provided.

This article discusses the issues of ensuring the transparency of the economic indicators of joint-stock companies in our republic and the open placement of changes in the value of their shares in the secondary market. This article discusses the development of short-term forecasts of changes in the value of shares of joint-stock companies in the stock market and the factors affecting them using the Bernoulli random walk method.

This article explores the role of fintech services in international financial markets, their development trends, and the emergence of innovative solutions driven by global experience. The author analyzes the role of fintech in the digital economy, highlighting regional characteristics (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, LAMEA) and the growing influence of companies like PayPal, Stripe, Revolut, and Ant Group. Based on statistical data, the article outlines key advantages of fintech services, such as speed, cost reduction, financial inclusion, and innovative product offerings. The conclusion emphasizes the future prospects of the fintech sector and the importance of cooperation between technological innovation and regulatory authorities.

This article studies the description and classification of insurance reserves as an object of accounting and an element of financial reporting. In particular, the author's approach to the concept of insurance reserves is developed and conclusions are drawn, classifying them according to the criteria for their use.

This article analyzes advanced international practices in the financial support of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and justifies the prospects for their application in the context of Uzbekistan. The study examines mechanisms for enhancing the investment attractiveness of SEZs, drawing on the experiences of the United States, China, Japan, Russia, and other countries. These mechanisms include tax and customs incentives, infrastructure projects under public–private partnerships, special investment funds, and credit lines from international financial institutions. Recommendations are provided for increasing regional production efficiency, expanding exports, and creating new jobs by adapting global best practices to national conditions.

This article examines the improvement of an effective management system to ensure the financial stability of enterprises, the enhancement of a company’s financial condition, and the interrelation of indicators that characterize its state. In addition, scientific and practical proposals are put forward to determine the positive impact of a company’s financial stability on economic growth.

В статье рассматриваются инновационные аспекты развития системы образования в сфере предоставления образовательных услуг, социально-экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе её развития и оценки. Исследованы практические рекомендации и предложения по научно-методическим основам выяснения факторов повышения конкурентоспособности организаций высшего образования на рынке образовательных услуг, совершенствования методологии оценки их конкурентоспособности, усиления интеграции образования, науки и производства, повышения качества образовательных услуг.

This article examines the specific aspects of econometric modeling in the dynamic and complex conditions of the modern economy. The paper highlights contemporary trends such as the integration of big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, which play a crucial role in forecasting the impacts of inflation, unemployment, climate change, and pandemics. The methodology employs a systematic literature review, drawing on scientific articles from the Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate databases over the last five years (2020-2025). The results indicate that ML-hybrid models enhance forecast accuracy (with reductions in RMSE and MAE), although the adverse effects of climate change and data uncertainty pose significant challenges. The conclusions and recommendations propose increasing the robustness of models in policy formulation, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, and implementing ethical standards, thereby contributing to sustainable development and economic recovery.

This article examines the impact of digital transformation on regional economic trends in the context of an innovative economy. Based on a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies published in recent years, it analyzes how digital technologies (such as artificial intelligence, big data, and IoT) influence economic growth, innovation potential, and regional disparities. The results indicate that digital transformation significantly stimulates regional economic growth and innovation through positive spillover effects, yet exacerbates ecological challenges and inequalities in developing regions. The conclusion emphasizes the need for integrated policies to mitigate adverse effects and ensure sustainable development. Recommendations encompass the development of digital infrastructure and investments in green innovations.

The paper discusses the harmonization of the current rules of the 7th National Accounting Standard (NAS) “Intangible Assets” with the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Scientific proposals and recommendations are provided for introducing amendments and additions to the relevant provisions of the NAS. As a result, the compliance of the current 7th NAS “Intangible Assets” with IFRS requirements is ensured, creating opportunities for their practical application in enterprises.

This paper explores the impact of digitalization on the treasury systems of developed countries and analyzes key technologies such as cloud solutions, blockchain, and electronic payments used to enhance financial management efficiency. It examines examples of innovative solutions implemented in the USA, the UK, Germany, Canada, Japan, Estonia, and other countries, highlighting both the advantages and challenges of their use. Particular attention is paid to increasing transparency, security, and optimizing government spending through modern digital platforms

The rapid growth of on-demand food delivery services has posed significant challenges in logistics optimization. This study focuses on a formerly leading food delivery company in Uzbekistan, which faced difficulties in meeting customer expectations due to high demand and inefficiencies in courier allocation. The research applied Discrete Event Simulation (DES) theory to analyze courier utilization, waiting times, and delivery performance. The model incorporated district-based clustering, queueing theory, stochastic simulation modeling, model validation and performance evaluation to evaluate various operational scenarios. Findings reveal that integrated models reduce delivery times by 1.6 times, enhance throughput, and provide actionable strategies for urban delivery optimization. The results contribute to both academic literature and managerial practice in emerging markets.

Internationalisation has become a prime factor of competitiveness in the sphere of higher education, shaping global presence, image and abilities to employ graduates. In the case of emerging economies, it presents an opportunity to enter the global academic communities and be rated in world rankings. The aim of this paper is to address the issue of how the internationalisation enhances the competitiveness of universities in Uzbekistan through the interviews held and by referring to the relevant body representatives of different universities. The results indicate that, as much as Uzbek universities have embraced internationalisation, the challenge in their governance, allocation of resources and language capacity still exist. Internationally affiliated institutions like the Westminster International University in Tashkent (WIUT) and Webster University in Tashkent (WUT) can make use of international networks more efficiently in contrast to nationally based universities, which use strategies based on small steps, including the mobility programmes, and faculty training in foreign countries. The paper supports the view that the current internationalisation in Uzbekistan cannot be considered as a sustainable competitiveness issue unless it is integrated into the processes of teaching, research, and governance in the country.

This article discusses the main directions of improving the accounting system in non-bank credit institutions in the context of digitalization of the financial sector. The analysis of the current state of accounting processes in microfinance organizations, pawnshops and other non-bank credit institutions is carried out. The international approaches to the organization of financial reporting are investigated and the key problems of accounting in this sector are identified. Practical recommendations on the introduction of digital technologies, standardization of accounting procedures and improvement of the quality of financial reporting of non-bank credit institutions are proposed.

The article studies the characteristics of the agricultural market of the Namangan region, gross agricultural product, the composition of agricultural products, the share of agriculture in the gross regional product, the growth rates of agricultural production, the main indicators of the competitive environment in the agricultural market, methods for assessing the competitive environment, and current problems of the competitive environment in the Namangan region

This article covers issues such as the role and importance of non-state higher education organizations in the development of the national economy of the republic, the number of non-state higher education organizations operating in our country and the number of students studying in them, the regional distribution of higher education organizations

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations and practical aspects of top-down and bottom-up approaches in regional economic development, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Using international practices (World Bank, OECD, European Union) and reforms in Uzbekistan as examples, the paper demonstrates the interaction between these approaches. The author proposes measures to increase the efficiency of regional development through decentralization, support for local initiatives, and ensuring public participation

The article highlights the content, essence and advantages of social entrepreneurship, its role in the development of innovations, reduction of unemployment, creation of new jobs, improvement of the standard of living of the population and reduction of social tension in society, and also defines the concepts of "social entrepreneurship", "social project" and "social enterprise". New forms of state support for social entrepreneurship are proposed.

The article examines the specifics and effectiveness of applying integration mechanisms in sensitive areas of bilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The focus is placed on analyzing those areas of interaction that require a special approach to regulation and alignment of interests, including trade and economic relations, the energy sector, and migration. An assessment of the existing integration instruments is carried out, and institutional and organizational barriers limiting their effectiveness are identified. Particular attention is given to the potential for further deepening cooperation within the framework of Eurasian integration processes and the search for optimal models of interaction that contribute to the growth of mutual economic benefits. The findings and recommendations obtained may be used in shaping strategies for the development of Russian-Uzbek relations and improving integration policies in the region.

The sustainable development of the national financial market is closely linked to the modern mechanisms of corporate capital formation and the efficiency of the securities market. This study provides a detailed analysis of the integration processes between corporate finance instruments and the capital market infrastructure, and scientifically highlights the impact of the securities market on investment processes. During the research, system analysis, comparative economic analysis, economic-statistical methods, and analysis of the regulatory and legal framework were employed. The results showed that the interaction between corporate finance and the securities market can optimize capital value, expand the investment opportunities of enterprises, and contribute to the sustainable growth of the national economy. Such measures ensure the transparency and competitiveness of the financial system and contribute to its improvement in line with international standards.

В данной статье проанализированы возможности повышения экспортного потенциала Узбекистана через экономическую интеграцию с государствами Центральной Азии. Основное внимание уделено таким направлениям, как развитие регионального сотрудничества, торговой инфраструктуры, гармонизация технических регламентов и стандартов, оптимизация пограничных и таможенных процедур. Также в статье предложены перспективные меры по повышению конкурентоспособности продукции Узбекистана на рынках Центральной Азии.

This article discusses the scientific and theoretical foundations of the concept of enterprise cash flows, their classification, methods and importance of cash flow management, as well as the sources of cash flow formation. In particular, it emphasizes that a deep understanding of the nature of cash flows and the factors shaping them, along with effective management of cash flows, are among the crucial conditions for ensuring the financial stability, development, and increasing the value of shareholders' equity of an enterprise.

The article, using scientific approaches, studies in detail and reveals the role of the service sector in the economy, its essence, and also conducts a statistical analysis and study of its main indicators and development prospects.

В статье подробно проанализирована экономическая среда, виды и этапы развития электронной коммерции, а также особенности поведения потребителей в цифровой среде. Электронная коммерция рассматривается как сложная экосистема, включающая не только процесс онлайн-продажи товаров и услуг, но и маркетплейсы, платёжные системы, логистику и алгоритмы рекомендаций на основе искусственного интеллекта. Обоснована необходимость междисциплинарного подхода к изучению потребительского поведения, охватывающего экономику, психологию, социологию и маркетинг. Также рассмотрено влияние доверия, персонализации, социальных доказательств и внешних факторов (например, пандемии) на потребительские решения в цифровых платформах. На основе анализа зарубежных и отечественных    исследований     выявлены    как    глобальные,    так    и     региональные