Vol. 2 No. 8 (2024): Economic development and analysis

This article examines the outcomes of introducing a "Green Economy" in Uzbekistan, analyzing the economic, social, health, and population welfare indicators within the country. It includes a review of both foreign and domestic literature on the topic, assesses the prospects and opportunities for the development of a green economy, and addresses issues related to improving the efficiency of using renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

This article examines the concept of a banking ecosystem, the creation of a "banking ecosystem" as a modern model of international transformation processes in the activities of commercial banks in Uzbekistan and the processes of digital transformation of commercial banks. Is presented the role of the banking ecosystem in turning the banking industry into a kind of financial "supermarket" by radically changing the relationship between the bank and the client based on the organization of the banking ecosystem, increasing the prestige of the bank, rapid digitization of economic relations, expanding the offer of a wide range of banking and non financial services to customers.

This article talks about the reforms implemented in the agriculture of our country in recent years, as well as future prospects. Investments in agriculture are analyzed.

This article provides information on the main directions of development of the innovative economy in the region, the impact of higher education institutions, and analysis. Innovative activities of higher education institutions, various approaches to them, indicators of financing innovative activities are analyzed. Also, the principles and conditions of innovative development of higher education institutions were researched. Scientific conclusions and
recommendations have been developed on further expansion of mutual relations between
education, science and business, commercialization of innovative developments and scientific research results of higher educational institutions.

This article talks about laws, decisions and presidential decrees related to the development of small business and entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan. Since the first years of independence, Uzbekistan has paid great attention to the development of the legislation and legal framework for entrepreneurship, the protection of the rights of entrepreneurs, the organization of their financial support, the training and retraining of personnel, and the development of the market infrastructure serving small businesses.

The scientific article highlights the theoretical foundations of the effectiveness of state financial control conducted in budgetary organizations. Data on the distribution of funds coming from the budget by region, budget audit, budget control and expertise were touched upon. In addition, a number of financial audits have been conducted and analyzed.

This article carried out scientific and theoretical views of foreign and domestic scientists on the development of banking activities as a result of factors of formation of digital assets, improving the circulation of digital assets, scientific and theoretical analysis of data on the management of digital assets in commercial banks.

This article analyzes the effectiveness of advertising in social networks in retail enterprises of Uzbekistan. Indicators such as ROI of advertising campaigns, level of customer engagement and segmentation were studied based on the analysis of Korzinka.uz and Makro supermarkets. As a result of the study, the impact of advertising campaigns on social networks on business results was determined, and recommendations for increasing efficiency were developed.

The article provides detailed reviews and analyzes of the perspective of artificial intelligence in Uzbekistan. The importance of artificial intelligence in the development of firms, companies, as well as in the fields of medicine, agriculture has been need by process of digitalization. Also, the demographic changes of the Republic of Uzbekistan were analyzed and forecast indicators for 2024-2030 were developed. Based on these forecast indicators, it was determined that by 2030, the demand of the population of the Republic for meat and dairy products will increase by 19.2%, and for milk products by 16.3%. To meet this demand, suggestions
and recommendations have been developed for the automation of livestock complexes based on digital technologies, the use of robotic CR-1 and MR-S2 remote-controlled digital technologies for increasing the milk yield of dairy cows

Knowledge of optimal monetary policy and frequently the rules of optimization in flexible inflation targeting assign central banks the task of developing all types of cyclical policies. The goal of optimal inflation policy is to achieve macroeconomic stability and stimulate sustainable economic growth. To determine the amount of monetary policy associated with the rule of monetary policy and to establish the proposed optimal inflation target, we use the DSGE econometric model. The relationship between r (refinancing rate) and the optimal inflation target has a downward slope. Although the growth of the optimal inflation level is smaller than the decrease in r, it has been found that in areas with current empirical significance, the slope of the relationship is close to -1. This angle parameter is sufficient to ensure uncertainty. It was found that in strategies such as price level setting and their diversity, the optimal inflation target is significantly lower and less sensitive to r."*

Digital transformation of cities is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of Industry 4.0. This paper explores the role of digital twins in strategic planning for the development of smart cities within the context of Industry 4.0. The paper delves into how digital
twins can be used to model urban systems, optimize management, and facilitate data-driven decision-making. A particular focus is placed on the role of digital twins in fostering sustainable and inclusive urban environments.

Ensuring the employment of women in Uzbekistan and their professional orientation is one of the priorities of State policy. Improving the level of professional training of women and their competitiveness in the labor market plays an important role in eliminating gender inequality. Based on this, this article focuses on the issues of the vocational training system for women in the field of employment.

This article analyses the relationship between sustainable tourism and gourmet experiences in Uzbekistan, focusing specifically on organic food and sustainability. The essay examines the advantages and challenges of integrating different organic methods into Uzbekistan's gourmet tourism. It delves into how implementing sustainable practices may enhance local restaurants, save cultural and national meals, and advance environmental safety. This research aims to provide insights into the future of sustainable culinary tourism in Uzbekistan by analyzing literature, case studies, and present practices. The local and international cuisines in Uzbekistan are contrasted in terms of their organic qualities and their ability to attract tourists.

This article discusses the application of probability theory in economics. Probability theory is an important tool for accounting for uncertainties and assessing risks in various economic processes. The article provides detailed information on the application of this theory in risk management, insurance and investment, market analysis and game theory. With the help of probability theory, the possibilities of preliminary assessment of economic events and making optimal decisions are studied. This article shows the importance of using probability theory in economic analysis and decision making.

The gap analysis of Uzbekistan's Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) parks reveals several important areas that need focus and enhancement. The current performance of these parks reflects mixed outcomes in driving innovation and economic growth, facing considerable challenges in achieving effective collaboration among research institutions, industries, and government policies.
The main findings show that although Uzbek STI parks have made progress in business incubation, they still fall short in fostering significant technological advancements and diversifying the economy. Key obstacles include inadequate collaboration between universities and industries, limited access to venture capital, and a weak entrepreneurial culture.
The report highlights that successful STI parks thrive within a strong regional ecosystem, marked by a dynamic entrepreneurial spirit, active engagement from research institutions, and comprehensive support for startups. Creating these favorable conditions will be essential for Uzbekistan. Strategic suggestions involve strengthening the capabilities and engagement of STI park management, enhancing access to financial resources, and improving connections between universities and the private sector. The recommendations are categorized into those based on global best practices and those addressing the unique challenges faced by stakeholders in Uzbekistan's innovation system.
By tackling these gaps with focused policy initiatives and capacity-building efforts, Uzbekistan can utilize its STI parks to foster greater technological innovation and economic development, in line with successful practices seen in other STI parks around the world.

The article analyzes the types and principles of formation of "management" as a science.

This article provides a comprehensive understanding of the theoretical aspects of strategic innovation management in a business entity, the development and implementation of innovative strategies necessary to ensure the company's growth and increase its competitiveness. Also, the views of several scientists on the concept of strategic innovation and the degree of impact of innovation on creating new value are considered. In addition, the classification scheme of innovations within the framework of the Oslo manual was also analyzed

In this article, 5 real sector enterprises operating in Uzbekistan were taken as the object of research, i.e. “Kvarts” JSC (KVTS), “Kizilqumsement” JSC (QZSM), “Kokon Mechanical Plant”JSC (KUMZ), “Uzbekistan Metallurgical Combine” JSC (UZMK), “Almalik Mine-Metallurgical Combine” JSC (AGMK) were obtained. During the analysis, the activity of joint stock companies in the stock market and stock index data from 2017 to 2024 were taken. In order to avoid reducing the level of accuracy of the research due to sudden changes during the pandemic, the research period was divided into pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. The Sortino coefficient was used to assess the financial risks of the investment portfolio, and the advantages and disadvantages of using this coefficient were analyzed.

In this article, the state of the environmental component of the economy of industrial enterprises is expressed, and approaches to the impact of industrial enterprises on the environment are considered. Analysis of periodicals of scientific research is also carried out in order to identify the most urgent problems on the topic of research. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of economic and environmental efficiency evaluation methods are analyzed

The article analyzes the interpretations of foreign and Uzbek scholars regarding the application of innovations in the economy. It explores the characteristics of an innovative economy, indicators for determining the level of innovation within national economies, and the high degree of consistency between innovations, economic growth, and employment. The article provides information on the expansion of innovative forms of employment related to the development of information and communication technologies, including the growth of e-employment, virtual workplaces, and freelancing. The features of traditional and virtual workplaces are identified and comparatively analyzed.

The tendency towards a digital university is reflected in the strategies of higher education institutions around the world. The current electronic-digital environment of the Higher School of Business and Entrepreneurship was analyzed and its development of digital functionality and the existence of four elements of a digital university were substantiated. As a result of the correct implementation of the digitization strategy of the Higher School of Business and Entrepreneurship, it is emphasized that the competitiveness and image characteristics of the
educational institution will increase.

Ensuring the quality of asset portfolios of commercial banks, the need to ensure their financial stability and liquidity is considered one of the current issues. In this scientific article, an attempt was made to develop a scientific proposal and practical recommendations on ways to increase the efficiency of the assets of commercial banks.

In this article, the analysis of changes from the transition to post-industrial society to the present day is based on the fact that economic systems are moving towards an industrialized economy, the economy of services and the economy of changes, stages of development of the economy of post-industrial society, N. The structure of the model of the tourism system of leper and the content of conceptual approaches to the concept of a "tourist complex" and theoretical-methodological aspects of the management of its activities are analyzed

The article is devoted to the study of the legal regulation of the market of digital assets and cryptocurrencies, which is one of the most relevant and dynamically developing areas of modern law and economics. The work examines the main approaches to the regulation of digital assets in various countries, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing legal norms and proposals for their improvement. Based on the analysis, recommendations are proposed for the formation of an effective legal framework that can ensure the stable development of the market for digital assets and cryptocurrencies, while minimizing potential risks.

This article is devoted to the organization and development of agrotourism, which is one of the most pressing issues in the world today. The main subject of this study is focused on the development of agrotourism. Therefore, in this article, economists consider the organization of agrotourism and its role in the countryʼs economy, as well as the factors that hinder its development.

The article describes todayʼs problems of joint insurance operations, statistical data on them, and comments on improving the calculation of their income.

The article highlights the concept of “green economy” and the role of the ESG rating in accelerating the flow of investments in economic activities, which are considered as solutions to such currently relevant issues like improving the competitiveness of the national economy, building a resource-efficient and environmentally friendly society and ensuring social equality.

This article analyzes the results of a study on the development of rural tourism and the factors influencing it. At the same time, the opinions expressed by a number of scientists were studied, and the possibilities of creating a strategy for the development of tourism in the mahalla were examined. As a result of the study, the state of rural tourism in Uzbekistan, the attitude of the population and local leaders to its development, as well as 5 main factors were identified. The definition of these factors made it possible to understand the necessary conditions for running a tourism business in villages and expanding the range of tourism services. The features that should be taken into account by the hokim assistant in supporting the tourism business as an important area of entrepreneurship in the mahalla are described.

This article examines the impact of integrating IT solutions for accounting automation and the future of the accounting and auditing profession in the context of digital transformation.

This research is aimed at the economic assessment of the share of income of participants in the value chain of walnut cultivation and sale in Samarkand region. Through analysis based on primary and secondary data, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the nut industry have been identified. On the basis of these analyses, suggestions and recommendations were developed for the improvement of value added processes in the value chain. The results of the study shed light on the economic impact of walnut cultivation, processing and export, providing practical recommendations for improving the value chain and increasing the region's competitiveness in global markets.

This article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the property tax system, its object and base, and highlights the important aspects and specific features of property tax in developed countries and in Uzbekistan. Also, directions for increasing property tax collectability and optimization of the property tax object, base and property tax mechanism in Uzbekitan were mentioned.

This article examines the concept of profit, how it is formed and the factors that influence it. Profit is affected by many factors, and they were divided into two groups: external and internal factors. Bank profit is formed on the basis of the bank's credit, deposit, settlement and other types of banking activities. Traditionally, the largest share falls on the margin, that is, the difference between deposit and credit interest. The scientific work also examines and analyzes the practical data of the entire banking system throughout 2023. Based on these data, the largest share of the income item, as well as expenses, was determined. In addition, it is possible to observe the dynamics of increase and decrease in interest and non-interest income.

This article classifies the factors influencing the efficiency of the grain farming subsector based on a study of its effectiveness. It provides an assessment of the organization of grain farming clusters and formulates an algorithm for the stages of production, processing, and marketing processes within the cluster system. Moreover, it is offered recommendations for improving the efficiency of grain farming clusters.

This article examines the impact of tax policy on economic inequality, analyzing the effects of each type of tax on economic inequality separately. Also, research of foreign scientists on this research were studied and a conclusion was formed at the end.

This article identifies the problems and potential opportunities for analyzing small businesses and private entrepreneurship. At the same time, ways to expand and increase the export potential of small businesses in the economic sector were proposed, based on establishing export and innovation processes on a mutually compatible basis.

This study is devoted to the theoretical and methodological foundations of international scientific and technological cooperation (ISTC), its key aspects and mechanisms. Various approaches to the study of ISTC, including systemic, integrative, interdisciplinary, evolutionary and network approaches, are examined in detail, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Forms and types of interaction are analyzed, and the problems and challenges faced by ISTC participants are identified. Special attention is paid to the commercialization of scientific results, technology transfer and intellectual property protection, which is critical for the successful implementation of innovations. Finally, the author's definition of ISTS is proposed and conclusions are formulated.

This article discusses strategies for the development of small businesses and private entrepreneurship through the improvement of infrastructure activities. By analyzing various elements of infrastructure, such as financial services, technological support, legal frameworks and logistics, the authors of the study identify key factors contributing to the growth and sustainability of small enterprises. The study highlights the importance of creating a favorable business environment, improving access to resources and stimulating innovation as the most important factors in the development of entrepreneurship. The results show that a well-developed infrastructure not only meets the operational needs of a small business, but also allows it to compete effectively in the market.

The article considers marketing strategy issues in improving and developing appraisal activities. The essence of marketing in the appraisal services market is revealed. The main task of the marketing strategy for the development of appraisal activities is formulated to satisfy the components of the concept of modern marketing of the appraisal services market development. The main factors for improving appraisal activities are formulated. The main components of asset promotion from sellers to buyers and their relationship with appraisal services are shown. The ways of improving advertising activities in the appraisal services market are shown.

Improving the standard of living of the rural population, the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas is one of the priorities of the state economic policy being implemented today. Based on this, this article will consider the issues of improving the activities of farmers, peasant farms and household landowners, which are considered effective forms of management in improving the standard of living of the rural population.

This article examines the formation of local budgets as an important stage of the financial strategy. At the same time, an analysis of the formation of income and expenses of the local budget of the Jizzakh region for 2024 was carried out. Proposals were made to improve the efficiency of local government bodies in the formation of the local budget.

This article discusses the advantages and analysis of ways to improve the efficiency of credit services in the process of transformation, as well as improving development prospects. The author's approaches and proposals are also presented to improve the efficiency of credit services, introduce new technologies, optimize business processes, update products and services, improve customer experience, reduce costs and increase profitability in the development of banking activities in changing market conditions, as well as to overcome them.

The article examines the issues of risky activities of small businesses, as well as risk management measures and problems of using insurance to minimize the risks of domestic business entities. Specific features of microinsurance products, their distribution channels, models for implementing microinsurance activities are identified, and foreign experience is studied. The need to use microinsurance as an innovative mechanism for managing small business risks is substantiated.
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This article describes the role and importance of interregional tax inspection in improving large-scale reforms to create favorable conditions for conducting business activities in the country's tax sphere, further strengthening the confidence of business circles. At the same time, some important reforms implemented by the interregional tax inspectorate in the tax system of Uzbekistan were studied, and scientific-practical conclusions and proposals were developed based on foreign experience and its application in our country.

This scientific article discusses the issues of effective use of investments in the activities of small businesses in our country and improving the composition of investments made in this area. As a result of the study, problems were identified, and the author developed proposals and recommendations for solving them.

The article examines the optimal organization of information flows and existing problems in the organization of statistical activities. The steps of the national model of statistical data development and the data received by the statistical agency are divided into groups according to the classification symbols. It was also mentioned about the prospects of e-Stat 4.0 automated information system.

In this article, the development directions of the organizations and enterprises involved in the production, storage and processing of leather, fur raw materials and wool, livestock, wool, black leather and artificial leather products, leather-attorney products, footwear, within the association "Uzcharmsanoat" and specific aspects are described.

In this article, the emergence and development of the assessment of the value of the main funds, the involvement of the main funds and the rights to them in the civil-legal circulation by all participants of the market reforms, and the establishment of market mechanisms of economic management are studied. Also, the conditions for applying the methods of mathematical modeling of valuation works, the mechanism of the interactive process of mathematical and software provision of asset valuation, and suggestions and recommendations based on them are given.

This article explores the role of effective collaboration between the public and private sectors in developing the tourism industry. It examines issues related to improving tourism infrastructure, creating new tourist destinations, and attracting more tourists to the country through public-private partnerships (hereinafter referred to as PPP). Additionally, the theoretical foundations of applying PPP mechanisms are discussed.

Emphasizing that the formation of budget revenues is an important factor in the development of the economy, the article is devoted to the analysis of the forecast value of budget revenues in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the following years..
Key words: state budget, budget revenues, indirect and direct

"NKMK" JSC, a world leader in the mining industry, is one of the four largest gold producers in the world. During its 65-year history, the company was the first to master and develop the full cycle of gold mining, from innovative geological exploration to the production of the highest quality finished product. From January 1, 2022, an active and large-scale transformation process has begun, which involves the introduction of modern corporate management principles into the system of "Navoi mining and metallurgical combine" JSC. This article examines the introduction of corporate governance principles in JSC "NKMK" and its initial results today. The article defines the term corporate governance, how it affects the growth and development of enterprises in general, then analyzes corporate governance in JSC "NKMK" and compares the results of JSC "NKMK" with the list of Top-10 leading mining companies. In the conclusion, the author summarizes the analysis of corporate management based on the "case" of "NKMK" JSC.

This article covers the concept of poverty, the poverty line, the causes of poverty, the analysis of the current state of poverty in Uzbekistan, the experience of foreign countries in reducing the level of poverty, scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at reducing the level of poverty in Uzbekistan.

The article examines advanced foreign practices of financing the costs of providing housing to the population from the state budget. Independent authorship approaches to scientific research of local and foreign scientists are developed in it. On the basis of research, scientific suggestions and recommendations have been developed regarding the theoretical aspects of providing housing to the population in our country.

The article discusses modern methods and strategies for optimizing production processes at industrial enterprises. Special attention is given to the implementation of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model and the Just-In-Time (JIT) system, which significantly reduce costs and improve inventory management efficiency. The impact of digitalization and automation on the flexibility and adaptability of production systems is also analyzed. The conclusion provides recommendations for further improving production processes in the context of global competition

Methodological aspects of improving the cluster system in the silk industry were studied in this research work. The main stakeholders involved in the formation of sericulture clusters and their activities were analyzed, as well as the factors affecting the development and competitiveness of silk clusters..

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a strategic approach in which companies strive to manage their impact on society and the environment by following ethical standards and taking care of various stakeholders. In today's economy, CSR management is becoming a key factor determining the success and sustainability of a business, especially for industrial enterprises. This article examines the key aspects of CSR management and its impact on the development of industrial enterprises, as well as provides examples of successful CSR implementation in different regions.

In this article, the last added product, the average result obtained at the expense of economic resources, the level of attractiveness of the introduction of resources into the industry, the methods of calculating the indicators representing the efficiency of the processes of specialization of small business entities in economic sectors have been developed, the efficiency of the processes of specialization in the activity of small businesses in Uzbekistan has been evaluated and measures to increase it have been developed. developed.

This article covers the theoretical and methodological foundations of innovative development models of service industry enterprises in modern conditions, the analysis of the service industry in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the distribution model of the service industry by sectors and their structure, the functions of the service industry, a brief description of the development models of service enterprises.

This article briefly analyzes freight transportation tariffs and their features in railway transport. The initial changes in Uzbek Railways' tariff system are described below.

this article reveals the improvement of housing and communal services based on econometric models and its economic and statistical analysis and features. Practical suggestions and recommendations for improving the activities of housing and communal services based on econometric models are also provided.