Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Advanced Economics and Pedagogical Technologies

In order to further enhance the effectiveness of reforms being implemented in our country, elevate the development of the state and society to a new stage, modernize the economy, reduce the state’s share in the economy, and accelerate structural transformations, on September 11, 2023, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Strategy ‘Uzbekistan – 2030’” was adopted based on the principle “From the Action Strategy to the Development Strategy.” The second direction of this Decree is directly aimed at “ensuring public welfare through sustainable economic growth.” This article has been published to support the ORCA HORIZON-MSCA-2023-SE-01 project funded by a grant from the European Union

This article analyzes the innovative activity of food industry enterprises in the regions of Uzbekistan and their territorial distribution characteristics from a scientific, theoretical and practical perspective. The study considers the food industry as a strategic sector of the national economy, and evaluates the innovative activity of enterprises in close connection with the level of regional development, production infrastructure, institutional environment and human capital. It is substantiated how the uneven distribution of innovative activity across regions affects economic efficiency, competitiveness and added value creation processes. The article reveals the reasons for regional differences and shows the importance of a regional approach in increasing innovative activity. The results of the study serve as a scientific basis for the innovative development of the food industry and improving regional economic policy

The article presents a comparative analysis of traditional, innovative, and creative economic relations. It elaborates the value-creation model in the creative economy, which is based on creativity, intellectual property, and digital platforms. The study highlights the significance of scientific and technological innovations within the innovative economic model and characterizes the reliance of the traditional economy on material resources. The findings indicate that the integrated and harmonious development of these economic models contributes to increasing the efficiency of national economic growth

This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the relevance of developing teachers’ digital competencies in the modern education system, their significance for improving the quality of learning, as well as the new requirements for teachers’ activities in the context of digital transformation. In addition, the essence and structural components of the concept of “digital competence,” international experience, and ways to develop these competencies in the education system of Uzbekistan are analyzed. The research results show that the development of teachers’ digital competencies is an important factor in ensuring the effectiveness of the educational process.

The article discusses theoretical issues of accounting methodology. The scientific works of economists on the concepts of "method", " procedure ", "methodology" are analyzed and relevant conclusions are drawn. Also, the specific aspects of accounting methodology in the context of international financial reporting standards are analyzed

This study investigates the relationship between ESG disclosure quality and international competitiveness among commercial banks in Central Asia, benchmarked against a matched sample of European Union (EU) institutions. Using a mixed-methods approach –including content analysis of sustainability reports (2018–2024), a novel ESG Disclosure Quality Index (EDQI), and panel regressions on 495 bank-year observations – we find that Central Asian banks exhibit significantly lower ESG transparency across environmental, social, and governance dimensions compared to EU peers. Crucially, higher-quality ESG disclosure is robustly associated with greater foreign investment inflows, increased likelihood of Eurobond issuance, higher foreign ownership, and improved credit ratings – even after controlling for bank fundamentals and institutional quality. Notably, the marginal benefit of ESG transparency is significantly stronger in Central Asia than in the EU, suggesting that credible disclosure serves as a critical signaling mechanism in emerging markets where such information is scarce. These findings support the strategic adoption of global ESG reporting standards (e.g., ISSB, TCFD) by Central Asian regulators and banks to enhance financial integration and investor confidence.

This article examines the scientific and theoretical foundations of company valuation models applied in mergers and acquisitions. The study explores the conceptual premises of value formation under conditions of corporate integration and substantiates the need for a comprehensive valuation approach that incorporates financial, managerial, and institutional factors. The findings contribute to enhancing the methodological robustness of company valuation in M&A processes

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the effective placement and demonstration of goods in trade zones. Proper placement and visual presentation of goods plays an important role in increasing sales efficiency, attracting customer attention, and stimulating purchasing activity. The study analyzes the experience of various retail enterprises and provides practical recommendations for optimizing the territory, segmenting product categories, and increasing sales through exhibition design, promotional materials, and visual merchandising methods. The article is useful for retail sales managers, sales specialists, and marketing researchers, and is aimed at the effective application of technologies for the placement and presentation of goods in modern shopping areas.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of ways to increase the efficiency of the resource base of commercial banks, its economic significance in ensuring the stability of banking activities, and its role in enhancing the efficient use of financial resources. The study examines the structural composition of the bank resource base and its importance in liquidity management, expansion of lending capacity, and minimization of financial risks from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Particular attention is paid to improving mechanisms for attracting idle funds of households and business entities to the bank resource base, diversifying deposit and non-deposit funding sources, optimizing the cost of resources, and increasing the competitiveness of banks. The research findings contribute to identifying opportunities to strengthen the financial stability of the banking system and support economic development through improving the efficiency of the resource base of commercial banks

This study is devoted to the analysis of the current state of practice in Uzbekistan in improving the methodology for forecasting direct taxes. The study studied the current mechanisms of forecasting processes for the main direct taxes, such as profit tax, personal income tax, and property and land taxes. Based on statistical analysis, comparative assessment, and economic modeling methods, factors affecting the accuracy and stability of forecast indicators were assessed. The impact of macroeconomic indicators, tax base expansion, and tax administration digitization processes on the quality of forecasting was also revealed. Based on the results of the study, scientific and practical proposals and conclusions were developed aimed at using modern economic and mathematical models in forecasting accurate tax revenues, improving the information base, and strengthening the institutional approach

This article develops a forward-looking outlook for Uzbekistan’s e-commerce market through 2035 and examines the main determinants of both growth speed and quality. It discusses key drivers such as the expansion of digital payments and e-government services, upgrades in logistics infrastructure, rising mobile internet penetration, the scaling of marketplace ecosystems, and the intensification of cross-border trade, alongside evolving regulation and consumer protection. The paper applies a scenario-based framework (baseline, accelerated, and inertial) to evaluate how macroeconomic conditions, competition dynamics in digital markets, and the adoption of data and AI technologies may reshape online retail. Special attention is paid to structural constraints, including consumer trust, cybersecurity risks, last-mile delivery performance, the digital divide, and capability gaps among SMEs. The findings aim to inform public policy design, business strategy, and academic research on Uzbekistan’s digital economy

Uzbekistan, with its rich agricultural heritage, diverse climate zones, and burgeoning tourism sector, possesses significant untapped potential for agrotourism development. This article reviews the current state, problems, and future prospects of agrotourism in the country, considering it as a critical instrument for diversifying rural incomes and preserving regional cultural-agricultural traditions. The article draws on statistical analysis, comparative (international) analysis, SWOT and content analysis to analyze the current state of agritourism. The research concludes that realizing the full potential of agrotourism in Uzbekistan requires a coordinated national strategy must focus on targeted infrastructure investment, establishing clear legal frameworks, and developing specialized educational programs for farmers and service providers. The findings offer essential, data-driven recommendations for policymakers aiming to transform Uzbekistan’s agricultural landscapes into vibrant, economically sustainable tourism destinations.

This article highlights the fact that commercial banks depend on several factors, such as the development of banking operations by improving monetary policy, constant adaptation to socio-economic conditions, the development of new strategies and tools for banking activities, effective management of banking risks, and the development of banking currency operations by reducing problematic processes. Also, today, the relevance of the development of commercial banks is indisputable, since the successful functioning of the entire financial system of the country depends on it, taking into account the existing problems in making financial decisions in banks and reducing problematic processes, as well as the author's approaches and suggestions for their elimination

This article analyzes the sovereign credit rating of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on the methodology applied by S&P Global Ratings. The study examines macroeconomic stability, fiscal discipline, public debt dynamics, external sector indicators, and gold-foreign exchange reserves as the key factors influencing rating formation. The results of the statistical data analysis show that high economic growth rates and the significant volume of reserves support the country’s credit rating. At the same time, the high share of external debt, the deficit of the balance of payments, and global risks remain important constraining factors for rating stability.

This article examines the significance, necessity, and relevance of introducing Islamic financial services in our country, as well as analyzes the opportunities and advantages of developing the use of Islamic financial services in the Republic of Uzbekistan and the prospects for their further improvement. In particular, the article highlights the existing problems in the development of Islamic financial services in Uzbekistan and presents the authorʼs recommended approaches and proposals for addressing these challenges

The article provides an institutional analysis of the activities of the state antimonopoly body and its territorial departments. The study assesses the legal status, powers, organizational structure, and the coherence of management and control mechanisms at the central and territorial levels. Institutional effectiveness is analyzed based on the criteria of practical implementation of legal powers, quality of institutions, independence, accountability, and transparency. The integration of ex-ante and ex-post control mechanisms and agent-principal relations are also revealed

This article provides an empirical analysis of the impact of the rule of law and corruption control on Uzbekistan’s non-resource exports. In the context of globalization and increasing international competition, institutional quality has become a key determinant of external trade performance. Using an extended gravity model of international trade and panel data covering the period 2001–2022, the study assesses the effects of institutional indicators, including control of corruption and rule of law, on Uzbekistan’s non-resource export flows. The econometric results demonstrate a statistically significant and robust positive relationship between control of corruption, rule of law and export performance. The findings suggest that further export diversification and a shift toward higher value-added products are unlikely without deepening institutional reforms

The article examines the essence of social services and their role as an economic category based on various theoretical approaches. Scientific interpretations of social services are systematized within the frameworks of institutional theory, public and merit goods theory, welfare state concepts, and human capital theory. The role of social services in ensuring social justice, social stability, and improving the efficiency of human capital utilization is substantiated. The approaches of foreign and national scholars, as well as definitions of social services in the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan, are analyzed. An authorial interpretation of social services as an investment-oriented and institutional mechanism influencing economic growth and sustainable development in a transition economy is proposed.

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the global economy was dominated by developed countries, primarily located in Europe and North America. Economic development in the G7 (later G8) countries was determined by the efficient use of natural resources and long-term scientific and technological progress. Resource and energy efficiency were paramount in these countries. For example, the United States experienced significant growth in production throughout the 20th century. At the same time, despite industrial development, high prices were due to the expansion of the service sector and the emergence of new industries based on the scientific and technological revolution

This article presents the socio-economic consequences of poverty in our country and theoretical aspects of its reduction, as well as the experience of foreign countries in reducing poverty and the level of poverty in our country and the advantages of reducing it. Directions for implementing poverty reduction are given.

The article is dedicated to the significance of implementing the budget management system in industrial enterprises as part of ensuring key performance indicators for socio-economic and institutional transformations in the Republic of Uzbekistan within the framework of the "Uzbekistan – 2030" Strategy. Special attention is given to the role of industrial policy and technological modernization in achieving sustainable economic growth. The article also presents arguments justifying the implementation of the budget management system as a tool for enhancing the efficiency of industrial enterprises, reducing production costs, increasing labor productivity, and transforming strategic goals into a managed and effective process

This article analyzes the role and importance of tax incentives in ensuring the stability of tax policy, as well as the types and revenues of tax incentives currently applied in our country with the aim of improving their effectiveness. In addition, the impact of tax incentives on budget revenues is examined. Sectoral analyses of tax incentives are presented, along with scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for increasing their effectiveness

This article provides a theoretical and practical analysis of factors affecting the financial stability of state-owned enterprises. The study examines the economic essence of financial stability and its relationship with internal and external factors. Factors influencing financial stability are classified into financial and non-financial groups, and a mechanism for their regulation is developed. The findings confirm that effective management of liabilities and cash flows, as well as the improvement of investment policy, enhance the solvency and investment attractiveness of enterprises. The conclusions obtained are of practical importance for developing long-term strategies for state-owned enterprises

This article is aimed at analyzing the logistics and transport potential of Central Asian countries, with special attention to Uzbekistan's trade relations in the region. To assess the impact of logistics efficiency on bilateral trade flows, an extended gravity model including LPI indicators is estimated using panel data for 2010-2023. The empirical results show that improving Uzbekistan's logistics performance has a statistically significant and positive impact on regional trade flows, partially offsetting distance-related trade costs

The article analyzes the factors influencing the economic efficiency of dairy and meat production and ways to improve its efficiency. The level of provision of farmers and cattle breeders of the Republic of Uzbekistan, including the Kashkadarya region, with dairy and meat products, as well as the directions of providing the population with livestock products are disclosed.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the role of social media in the modern education system and its impact on students' cognitive and motivational development. Based on the theories of scholars such as Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bandura, the study highlights the influence of the digital environment on thinking, memory, and motivation to learn. Recommendations for reducing the pedagogical potential and psychological risks associated with social media use are also offered.

This article provides a comparative analysis of various healthcare financing models currently used in countries around the world. These models aim to provide the population with access to a wide range of medical services and improve social well-being, which directly impacts labor productivity and economic growth. The article examines in detail the operational features, advantages, and disadvantages of each healthcare financing model

This article examines the content of Islamic accounting. An attempt is made to reveal its essence more broadly by comparing Islamic accounting with traditional accounting. The rates proposed by various scholars on Islamic accounting are presented and analyzed. For a complete understanding of Islamic accounting, the main features of the Islamic financial system are also discussed. Existing reports in financial statements and additional reporting forms added to them in Islamic accounting are also considered. The reasons for the appearance of additional items in the balance sheet and financial statements, the balance sheet items covered by these items, and a description of the financial transactions related to profits and losses are provided. In conclusion, the differences between the objectives of Islamic accounting and traditional accounting are highlighted

This article examines the economic and organizational advantages of transitioning small businesses to cashless operations. Based on the experiences of China, Japan, and Germany, the impact of digital payment system development on small business activities during 2020–2024 is analyzed. The study also discusses the prospects and positive outcomes of promoting digital payments among small businesses in Uzbekistan. The research results show that cashless operations contribute to enhancing financial transparency, reducing operational costs, expanding the tax base, and increasing customer loyalty

This study analyzes the impact of introducing digital and innovative technologies on the economic efficiency of the service sector. The research is conducted using economic-statistical and comparative analysis methods based on national and international data. The results demonstrate that the implementation of digital technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud technologies, contributes to increasing labor productivity, reducing transaction costs, and improving service quality. Based on the findings, practical recommendations aimed at developing the digital economy in the service sector have been proposed.

This article covers the economic content of tax capacity, the laws of its formation and its strategic role in the tax system. During the study, the factors affecting tax capacity were analyzed and the importance of this indicator in stabilizing state budget revenues was substantiated. Also, ways to ensure the country's economic growth by expanding the tax base and increasing tax collection were considered. The article is intended for specialists interested in improving tax policy and optimizing the tax burden

The paper examines the economic essence and theoretical evolution of digital governance in joint-stock companies, with a focus on joint-stock banks, under transformation. It argues that digital governance goes beyond IT adoption by reducing information asymmetry as well as agency and transaction costs, strengthening control and accountability, and enabling early risk identification. Using comparative and content analysis, the study contrasts key concepts, proposes an evolutionary model and a factor system, and formulates an author’s definition of digital governance. The results provide conceptual implications for improving governance architecture in banking organizations

This article examines the impact of interest rates and exchange rates on the trade balance using the case of Uzbekistan. The findings show that monetary policy instruments affect the trade balance differently in the short and long run. The study highlights the need to align monetary policy with trade and structural reforms

This paper analyzes the key criteria of sustainability reporting and the internationally widely applied standards, including GRI (Global Reporting Initiative), IFRS S1 and IFRS S2, as well as the recommendations of the TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures). The role of sustainability reporting in assessing the long-term sustainability of organizational activities through environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators is highlighted. The stakeholder-oriented nature of the GRI standards, the focus of IFRS S1 and S2 standards on the disclosure of financially material sustainability- and climate-related risks and opportunities, and the role of TCFD recommendations in climate risk management are examined. The findings of the study contribute to identifying the importance of international standards in the development of sustainability reporting

This article highlights tourism development trends within Uzbekistan's national economy. It analyzes statistical indicators recorded in the tourism sector and, based on these indicators, proposes scientific and practical solutions for the sustainable development of the tourism sector.

This article analyzes modern approaches to improving the theoretical and methodological foundations of bank transformation processes in Uzbekistan, as well as introducing digital technologies into the banking system, optimizing business processes, and developing corporate governance. In addition, methodological mechanisms aimed at increasing the effectiveness of bank transformation based on international experience have been developed. The results of the research serve to enhance the financial stability, competitiveness, and quality of services of banks

The article provides a brief description of the state of the economy of Uzbekistan and the relevance of its further development associated with the creation and use of innovative products. The highest concentration of startup initiatives is shown in such industries as IT, FinTech, E-commerce, EdTech, AgriTech, MedTech. Most startups and resources are concentrated in the city of Tashkent and large cities  like Samarkand, Bukhara and Fergana. The factors hindering the formation of a full-fledged startup ecosystem in the country and its regions are shown. Particular attention is paid to the problem of startup financing. Weak investment support at the initial stage of startup development, the low level of venture infrastructure and the legal framework for venture capital are emphasized. The evolution of the startup ecosystem in Uzbekistan is presented, starting with support for entrepreneurship and ending with the creation of a state system of venture funds. The development of the startup ecosystem in Uzbekistan is associated with the need to improve the legal framework, create a favorable business infrastructure, and introduce new mechanisms for financial and legal support. Proposals for the further development of innovation and the startup ecosystem in Uzbekistan have been systematized.

This article analyzes the compliance of fiscal reforms implemented within the framework of the “Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy with the principles of inclusiveness. The study examines the role of tax policy in ensuring a balance between economic efficiency and social justice based on James Mirrlees’ optimal taxation theory and contemporary empirical data. The article evaluates the macroeconomic impact of changes in the 2025 Tax Code, particularly the progressive social tax rates and mechanisms for legalizing the shadow economy. The results indicate that Uzbekistan’s tax system, while maintaining fiscal stability, is transitioning toward an inclusive model aimed at developing human capital and mitigating income inequality

The article notes the need to improve the lending activities of commercial banks based on the introduction of digital technologies in the process of assessing the creditworthiness of potential borrowers. An analysis of innovative lending models in foreign countries is presented, issues of managing credit activities and credit risks, the main directions of development of digitalization of banking activities are considered

This article analyzes the current state of the taxation system in Uzbekistan and the impact of the informal economy on economic development. The reasons for the formation of the informal economy, its negative impact on tax revenues and the consequences for the stability of the state budget are highlighted. Also, proposals and recommendations are developed to improve tax administration, develop the digital economy and reduce informal activity

This article presents a comparative analysis of advanced practices aimed at enhancing the role and significance of small business entities in developing export activities in the agricultural sector of foreign countries. It also examines organizational and economic mechanisms supporting small producers in exporting agricultural products to foreign markets, as well as the effectiveness of export-oriented policies and innovative management approaches implemented by the government. Additionally, the article analyzes the problems faced by small agricultural businesses in the export process, based on the experience of different countries, and explores ways to address these challenges, along with factors contributing to increasing competitiveness. The conclusions focus on expanding export potential in the agricultural sector, activating small business participation, and ensuring sustainable economic development

This article examines the organizational and economic mechanism for improving the efficiency of industrial enterprises using the leather industry in Uzbekistan as an example. Based on an analysis of the current state of the industry (production volume in 2024: 3.8 trillion soums, exports: $42.8 million), key issues like technological lag, low share of finished products with high added value, ineffective tax and customs policies for raw material exports, and a shortage of qualified personnel are identified. Areas for improving this mechanism are proposed, including optimizing state support, stimulating deep processing, technological modernization, and developing human resources. Implementation of these proposals will increase exports to $320 million by 2030 and enhance the competitiveness of Uzbek leather in the international market

This article examines the drivers of non-performing loans (NPLs) in Uzbekistan’s commercial banks by combining macroeconomic determinants with bank-specific factors and assesses the effectiveness of early warning systems (EWS) in mitigating the procyclicality of asset-quality deterioration. The empirical narrative relies on official Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan indicators for NPLs and loan portfolios, complemented by recent empirical studies on NPL determinants in transforming banking systems. Particular attention is paid to ownership-related heterogeneity (state-owned vs. other banks), comparability issues between regulatory NPL metrics and IFRS 9-based measures, and the role of loan restructuring practices. The paper derives policy-oriented recommendations aimed at improving disclosure of asset quality, integrating IFRS 9 indicators into supervisory monitoring, and standardizing EWS triggers for timely detection of borrower credit deterioration.

This article is dedicated to the study of the role of the electronic invoicing (EHF) system and tax risk assessment mechanisms in tax administration in Uzbekistan. The research analyzes digital data collected through EHF, the assessment of taxpayers’ risk levels based on risk indicators, and the practical monitoring of turnover and activities of large taxpayers across regions. The results indicate that the EHF system is a crucial tool for enhancing tax audit efficiency, improving tax compliance, and optimizing tax administration. The study also highlights the benefits of the EHF system for taxpayers, including savings in material and human resources, reducing errors in VAT calculation, and automating reporting processes

Uzbekistan’s innovation policy is aimed at accelerating economic growth, ensuring efficient use of resources, expanding into new markets, and improving public welfare. In this regard, the strategies and programs being implemented serve the country’s long-term development objectives. The article examines the main directions of innovation policy, its impact on various sectors of the economy, as well as existing opportunities and challenges, based on a scientific and analytical approach.

This article examines the improvement of financial control systems using digital technologies. It analyzes the impact of digitalization of financial control on the effectiveness of public financial management and its compliance with internationally recognized principles. It argues that digital technologies ensure the speed and continuity of control processes and enable the effective tracking of financial resources. It also demonstrates that digitalization of financial control has the potential to transform it from a traditional control mechanism into a preventive and analytical management mechanism

This article provides a scientific analysis of the main characteristics of the innovation system and its infrastructural structure. The study examines the role of innovation system infrastructure in ensuring regional sustainability, identifies the key elements of regional stability, and comprehensively highlights the processes of innovation infrastructure formation. In addition, the interrelation between the formation of innovation infrastructure and regional sustainability is theoretically and practically substantiated

The article examines the specific features of tourism development in the regions of Uzbekistan, with a particular focus on the Khorezm region. The study highlights tourism potential, cultural heritage sites, opportunities for ecotourism and recreation, as well as investment projects implemented within the framework of public-private partnership. The role of tourism in the regional economy and its impact on employment and living standards are analyzed

This article examines the priority areas of financial provision for social protection of the population based on international experience. The study analyzes the formation of social protection systems, financing mechanisms, and institutional approaches in developed and developing countries. In particular, the effectiveness of social insurance schemes, targeted social assistance, mandatory health insurance, and poverty reduction programs in European countries, the United States, and Asian countries is assessed. Based on international experience, advanced approaches aimed at strengthening social protection for vulnerable groups of the population are identified, and the possibilities of their implementation in the context of Uzbekistan are highlighted.

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of dividend policy in joint-stock companies, the mechanism of profit distribution, and the issues of reflecting dividend payments in accounting. The impact of dividend policy on financial stability, investment potential, and capital structure is substantiated. The correspondence of accounts involved in profit distribution and practical problems of dividend accounting are examined. The introduction of a separate working account for recording unclaimed dividends is proposed. The results confirm the necessity of aligning dividend policy with the actual financial condition of the enterprise

This article comprehensively analyzes the issues of improving the mechanisms for expanding the access of small businesses to foreign markets. In the research process, the institutional, organizational-economic, and financial mechanisms for increasing the export potential of small businesses in the context of globalization, strengthening the level of adaptation to the requirements of the international market, and ensuring competitiveness are highlighted. Special attention is also paid to the development of export infrastructure, increasing the effectiveness of state support tools, and improving information and consulting services for small exporting enterprises. As a result of the research, existing problems in the entry of small business entities into foreign markets were identified, and practical proposals and recommendations aimed at their elimination were developed. These proposals serve to activate the export activities of small businesses, expand opportunities for entering new foreign markets, and contribute to the sustainable development of the national economy

This article examines the mechanisms for ensuring the financial stability of Uzbekistan's railway companies in the context of the industry's fundamental transformation. Analyzes the transition from a monopolistic model to a competitive market, focusing on methods of attracting private investment, public-private partnerships, and digitalization of financial control. The need to introduce a "unbundling" system and new long-term financing instruments to maintain liquidity in the context of large-scale infrastructure projects is substantiated

The efficiency of public procurement activities of government customers is a key factor in ensuring the rational use of budgetary funds and improving the effectiveness of the public finance system. In the context of the digital transformation of the economy and the increasing complexity of the institutional environment, there is a growing need for a comprehensive evaluation of procurement activities that takes into account not only financial outcomes but also process-related, human resource, and strategic aspects. This article examines theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of public procurement activities of government customers. Based on an analysis of international research, the necessity of moving from narrowly focused financial criteria toward a multidimensional system of indicators integrating economic, process, institutional, and labor-related parameters is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to indicators characterizing operating costs, labor productivity of procurement units, as well as the structure and concentration of suppliers.

The proposed system of indicators makes it possible to identify reserves for improving procurement efficiency, optimize the use of financial and human resources, and enhance the transparency and manageability of procurement processes. The results of the study may be used by government customers in the development of key performance indicators (KPIs), the improvement of monitoring mechanisms, and the formulation of strategies for the development of the public procurement system

This article analyzes the essence of the digital transformation process and its impact on the standard of living of the population. Changes in the social status and standard of living of the population of Uzbekistan in recent years have been considered in terms of macroeconomic indicators such as the level of employment and unemployment. The positive impact of digital transformation on the quality of life of the population has been identified, which is expressed in the growth of the share of users of digital infrastructure, the growth of digital literacy of the population, the emergence of new types of digital services, the emergence of new business processes and forms of employment against the backdrop of changes in the country's digital space as a result of large-scale transformation of the economy. Along with the positive aspects of digital transformation, existing problems and ways to eliminate them will also be considered.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the regions of Uzbekistan during 2024–2025. The relevance of the study is justified by the observed regional disparities in innovation activity and investment capacity. The research methodology is based on content analysis, comparative analysis, induction, and logical generalization. The author developed a Regional Innovative Entrepreneurship Index (HITI), and calculations were conducted using official statistical data. The results reveal significant territorial differentiation in innovation performance. Regions with higher index values demonstrate advanced innovation infrastructure and investment concentration, while regions with lower scores face institutional and financial constraints. The paper proposes strategic directions for improving innovation policy based on a differentiated regional approach

This study investigates the causal impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in Turkey using annual time series data spanning the period 1980–2020. Economic growth is proxied by real per capita gross domestic product (GDP). The dataset was sourced from internationally reputable institutions such as the World Bank and TurkStat, and all variables were log-transformed to ensure suitability for statistical analysis. Due to the presence of variables with different orders of integration, the Toda–Yamamoto causality approach—robust to variables with mixed integration orders—was employed. The stationarity of the series was tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron tests, while the optimal lag length was determined based on information criteria. Diagnostic tests for autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, and structural stability were conducted to ensure model adequacy. The empirical findings reveal a statistically significant unidirectional causality running from FDI to economic growth at the 1% significance level, with no evidence of reverse causality. These results indicate that FDI functions not only as a source of external capital, but also as a strategic driver of growth by enhancing productivity, facilitating knowledge and technology transfer, and driving structural transformation. By incorporating a long-term dataset and accounting for the macroeconomic structure, this study offers a methodologically robust and contextually grounded contribution to the literature on the FDI-growth nexus in developing economies

The article highlights certain aspects of developing criteria and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of tax incentives. In a market economy, the activities of any economic entity should be aimed at achieving a positive financial result, which is significantly influenced by tax incentives and preferences. The taxation system must be acceptable to the taxpayer, as this factor directly affects the development of entrepreneurial activity. The systematization of tax incentives and the assessment of their effectiveness allow the state to develop regulatory legal acts on a reasonable basis

This article scientifically covers the issues of improving the process of revaluation of fixed assets. In particular, a comparative analysis of national and international standards for revaluation of fixed assets is carried out, their similarities and differences are revealed. Also, methods of revaluation of fixed assets are classified and the procedure for their application in practice is described. Scientifically based proposals are developed on the consistent sequence of organization and implementation of the revaluation process, and relevant conclusions are formulated.

The article examines the scientific foundations for assessing territorial development potential and formulating sustainable development strategies. The concept of “territorial potential” is interpreted as an integrated system of natural, economic, demographic, infrastructural, and institutional components whose interaction determines the long-term sustainable growth of regions. The dynamic nature of territorial potential and the need for its continuous monitoring and reassessment within strategic governance are substantiated. Based on the analysis of interregional disparities, structural economic transformations, investment flows, and sectoral diversification, the study highlights the importance of a differentiated approach to regional development strategies. The findings confirm that a comprehensive assessment of territorial potential provides a methodological basis for defining strategic priorities, allocating resources efficiently, and ensuring balanced sustainable regional development.

This article addresses the complexities inherent in real estate taxation systems. It highlights the lack of clearly defined priority areas in methods for calculating property taxes. The primary forms of taxation identified include ad valorem tax (based on property value), area-based tax, and income tax derived from real estate. Despite the diversity of these forms, there is a global trend toward ensuring fairness, transparency, and user-friendliness in the development of real estate tax systems. In this context, the integration of artificial intelligence and Automated Valuation Models (AVM) is becoming increasingly significant. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the fundamental elements of the real estate taxation system and to substantiate the crucial role of the property appraiser in ensuring consistency and equity within the taxing process. The research findings demonstrate that real estate taxation is a system composed of interconnected and complementary elements. Furthermore, the study scientifically justifies which specific stages of the taxable value determination process should be directly conducted by professional appraisers.

The paper substantiates theoretical and methodological approaches to shaping the economic mechanism for developing construction services as an independent segment of the service economy. Relying on systemic and institutional perspectives, it clarifies the mechanism’s essence and structure, identifies its key functional blocks and instruments, and explains the multiplier role of construction services in regional development. Uzbekistan’s regulatory framework aimed at accelerating real-sector growth and modernizing infrastructure is treated as a critical institutional foundation of the mechanism. The study proposes methodological provisions for assessing the mechanism’s effectiveness, providing a basis for further empirical research.

The article analyzes the legal, institutional, and economic mechanisms for the development of organic agriculture and the formation of the organic market in the European Union, highlighting their practical effectiveness and key factors of sustainable development. Based on this analysis, the organizational and economic directions for adapting this experience to the conditions of Uzbekistan are substantiated, as well as the opportunities for enhancing export potential.

This article examines the role and importance of the tax mechanism in the development and regulation of economic sectors. The study analyzed the stimulation of sectors through tax policy, optimization of the tax burden, and the implementation of selective tax mechanisms. Based on the findings, scientific and practical proposals were developed for improving the regulation of economic sectors through the tax mechanism

The article discusses the mechanisms of formation of professional competence within the framework of the educational process on the example of the development of self-study skills. Particular attention is paid to training the development of the creative mind of future specialists in the context of the process of assimilation of knowledge, and the mechanisms of innovative potential are also disclosed

This article provides a scientific-theoretical and practical analysis of the mechanism for the effective development of students’ professional competencies within an integrative educational environment. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to train competitive specialists who meet the requirements of the modern labor market and possess creative thinking skills. The article highlights the essence and content of the integrative approach, its role in the educational process, as well as the factors influencing the formation of professional competencies based on interdisciplinary integration

In this article, since the development of processing enterprises is of great importance, modern issues of competition are analyzed in order to identify potential customers of the enterprise, study and satisfy their needs and desires, and expand its activities in the market. As a result of the study, practical proposals and recommendations were developed to increase the competitiveness of industrial enterprises

Poverty reduction analysis and models based on the development of small business and private entrepreneurship are carried out in order to strengthen economic growth, social stability and economic policy of the state. There are several main approaches in these analyses and models. Below we will briefly touch on the main approaches and models related to poverty reduction and the development of medium-sized businesses. In the fight against poverty, various state assistance and subsidy programs, as well as the development of social protection systems, are of great importance. These programs often involve the provision of certain funds or services to low-income families.

The article substantiates the organization of accounting in joint ventures with the participation of foreign investors, its organizational structure, organization of the charter, determination of areas of activity, organization as a joint-stock company, accounting based on international standards, as well as the placement of financial statements on their websites

This article analyzes current issues in the development of the stock market, as well as factors contributing to the activation of joint-stock companies’ participation in the capital market. In addition, the main problems hindering the development of the stock market state intervention, infrastructure deficiencies, low financial literacy of the population, and weak liquidity in the securities market are examined on a scientific basis. The empirical part of the study reveals the role of the capital market in economic growth based on the dynamics of global IPO proceeds and the capitalization of Apple Inc. The results of the article serve as a basis for developing scientific and practical recommendations for the development of the stock market

The article theoretically and scientifically examines the priority directions for the implementation of renewable energy sources and energy-saving technologies in economic sectors. In the course of the research, the possibilities of introducing renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity generation until 2030 were assessed, and a forecast of energy production based on renewable energy sources up to 2030 was developed. At the same time, an algorithm for managing the enterprise’s energy efficiency based on the formation of an integrated energy-saving system was substantiated.

In this study, a methodology for using geographic information systems (GIS) technologies in forecasting the demographic development of the population of Uzbekistan until 2050 will be developed. The main goal of the research is to improve the mechanism for comprehensive analysis and forecasting of population size, age-sex composition, territorial distribution, urbanization processes, as well as internal and external migration flows by region. The research results are important for optimizing state planning, regional development strategies, labor market forecasts, and social infrastructure. The use of GIS technologies serves to scientifically substantiate the decision-making process, increasing the accuracy of demographic forecasts and the possibilities of visual analysis

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of efficiency in tourist-recreational zones. The economic essence of efficiency is analyzed based on national and international academic sources. The ratio between outputs and utilized resources is substantiated as a key evaluation criterion. The importance of economic, social, and infrastructural indicators in assessing tourist-recreational zone performance is highlighted. Tourist flow, investment return, and employment level are identified as major indicators of efficiency. The necessity of a comprehensive assessment approach is emphasized. The role of tourist zones in regional development is clarified. The findings contribute to improving mechanisms for enhancing efficiency. The proposed approach provides a scientific basis for sustainable tourism development

This article provides a scientific analysis of the economic essence, structural features, and role of tourism and recreational services in the national economic system, focusing on the fact that, despite the high tourism potential, its impact on the country's economic development is relatively low. The article proposes and discusses the implementation of assessment methods that allow for cross-sector and international comparisons of Uzbekistan's tourism and recreational potential within the national reporting system, a pressing issue in the tourism sector.

This article analyzes the legal foundations for implementing the mandatory digital product labeling system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on presidential decrees and resolutions, as well as decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers, the legal norms and practical mechanisms of this system are examined. The article also reviews the current state of digital labeling legislation, the effectiveness of monitoring and liability mechanisms, and proposes recommendations for further improvement. The results of the analysis demonstrate that digital labeling plays a significant role in the development of the digital economy and in combating the shadow economy.