Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Economic Development and Analysis

Organizational and economic situations under the management of construction companies in our country, methods of calculating the value of construction, and their impact on the cost of housing. This article discusses expanding opportunities to meet the demand for housing, one of the primary needs of the population.

In this article, the demographic status of the Republic of Uzbekistan was analyzed using the R Studio program. During the study, the main demographic indicators of the country, such as birth, death, migration and urbanization, were studied. The results provide the basis for the formation of important recommendations for the economic and social development of the country.

This article discusses the ways of developing Islamic banking services in the activities of commercial banks and member countries of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) group, as well as an analysis of existing problems and improving development prospects. The article also presents the existing problems in the prospects for developing the use of Islamic banking services in the activities of commercial banks of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the author's approaches and proposals for their elimination.

In this article, mathematical models are compiled based on the dynamics of electricity supply volumes in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2010-2023, as well as for the period from 2010 to 2017 and beyond. The forecast indicators for the period from 2024 to 2030 have been determined. The dynamics of the growth of electricity supply volumes during the study period is also analyzed.

Maximizing the expected return on investment and reducing the level of possible risk for investors is always a relevant issue. This article discusses modern portfolio theories, expected portfolio returns, and risk factors. Harry Markowitz's modern portfolio theory, his views, and other economists' observations on investment and portfolios are discussed. In the analysis part, a portfolio of 3-year shares of joint-stock companies in Uzbekistan is created, and the expected average income from the portfolio and portfolio risk are determined. Based on the results of the analysis, scientific and practical conclusions are given.

This article explores the statistical analysis of monetary income and expenses of the population. As a result of the study, the structural structure of the income and expenses of the population, their trends in change and factors affecting these indicators were determined. Based on the analysis, appropriate conclusions and practical recommendations have been developed.

Technological entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan plays an important role in stimulating economic growth by promoting innovation and job creation. The study analyses the impact of start-ups on the country's economic development, examines successful cases and identifies key success factors. Special attention is paid to government support and educational initiatives aimed at developing entrepreneurial skills. The study also includes an analysis of current challenges, such as the lack of venture capital and bureaucratic barriers, and offers recommendations on how to overcome them. The paper presents data on the growth in the number of start-ups and the volume of investments, indicating the significant potential of the sector. The paper considers the prospects for the development of technological entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan, including the creation of infrastructure and improvement of the legal framework. The article concludes with conclusions on the need for a comprehensive approach to supporting startups for sustainable economic growth.

This article analyzes the issue of housing the population as an important component of social protection. The article examines the existing problems in the field of housing supply, international experience and reforms in Uzbekistan. According to the study, effective housing policy is an important factor in ensuring social stability and well-being of the population.

The article examines the issues of the impact of the development of MICE tourism on the social field. Feedbacks and reviews have been given to develop the social sphere of the country through the development of MICE tourism. The results have been achieved by the development of MICE tourism in Uzbekistan in order to develop the infrastructure, in turn it can lead to improve in social life, to have a positive impact on the life of society, to provide the employment of local residents through creating new jobs.

This study used econometric panel models to examine the influence of water shortage on economic growth in Central Asian countries. To evaluate long-term panel data, we used a pooled regression model, a fixed effect model, and a random effect model on annual data from 1990 to 2023 across five nations. After creating the models, we ran diagnostic tests using several statistical techniques. After analyzing the models listed above, we determined that the Pooled regression model is best suited to our panel data. Based on the indicators of this model, it was discovered that increased water shortage in Central Asian countries had a negative impact on economic growth. Each unit increase in water scarcity causes a 0.0166 unit loss in GDP. The findings suggest that countries experiencing severe water scarcity should prioritize water resource management and establish a water conservation program that includes the construction of infrastructure to alleviate the shortage.

This article explores the state of development of inclusive tourism in our country and highlights the prospects for the development of this type of tourism in our country on the basis of authorʼs approaches, with the identification of factors affecting it.

The importance of tourism on an international scale is increasingly growing, as this sector allows countries to strengthen their position in the global economy. At the same time, investments in tourism play a significant role in creating jobs for the local population, supporting regional economic growth, and developing cultural exchanges. This article discusses how attention to tourism serves as an investment for the development of various sectors of the economy and the strengthening of international relations.

This article examines the role and impact of artificial intelligence and automation on the economy. The process of automation and the development of artificial intelligence technologies may lead to shifts in the workforce and potential economic revolutions. However, these processes may not only create new job opportunities but also lead to job losses in certain sectors. The article discusses the economic and social aspects of automation, the loss of jobs, and the creation of new opportunities.

This article explores the classification of sources of entrepreneurship financing, the research of foreign and domestic researchers in the study of the specifics of financing. Classification of sources of financing of entrepreneurship and non-distributed profit are described. Based on the research carried out, appropriate conclusions and recommendations are formulated.

This article describes the necessity and advantages of public-private partnership in the development of economic sectors and examines the approaches of economists. In order to identify the most pressing problems on the topic of the study, an analysis of scientific research periodicals was also carried out. The main features of PPP and the goals and contributions of the state and business in the implementation of its projects were also analyzed. At the same time, a model of the influence of economic growth factors in a dynamic open socio-economic system within the framework of PPP relations was analyzed.

This article theoretically covers the impact of the higher education system on the country's economy, its strategic importance, its role in economic growth, and innovative development. It also analyzed the problems and difficulties in the development of higher education, including such factors as quality of education, financing issues, inextricable connection with the labor market insufficient scientific potential. The article provides recommendations by the author for improving the higher education system.

This article examines the theoretical foundations of the development of industrial sectors based on public-private partnerships (PPPs). PPP projects are aimed at improving infrastructure and services by combining public and private sector resources. The role of PPPs in stimulating innovation in the industrial sector and ensuring economic growth is outlined. The theoretical foundations of the development of industrial sectors based on public-private partnerships and the approaches of economists are also reviewed. At the same time, PPP models that reflect their impact on industry are also highlighted.

The article covers the purpose, theoretical foundations and significance of sukuk emission in attracting capital from the international financial market. The different characteristics of sukuk from traditional bonds, the dynamics of change in the number of sukuk issuing countries and their distribution by country, the stages of circulation of sukuk certificates and the total volume of global short-term sukuk emissions have been analyzed. Proposals and recommendations for the introduction of sukuk are presented in Uzbekistan.

The article highlights the post-industrial aspects of approaches to public administration, the "model of public service", the "model of public service" - the "service feature" of relations between the state and the public, theoretical issues of the application of business models in public administration, such as Business City, Smart City, Smart state, "Provider of public services". Based on theoretical approaches, it was proposed to provide public services to the population based on the principle of "state – service provider" as one of the most optimal solutions for public administration in a post-industrial society

Currently, the issues of improving the financial planning system, which is the main functional element of financial management, are widely studied all over the world. In particular, in the context of a global pandemic, targeted research is being conducted on the formation of a financial planning system capable of quickly adapting to changing conditions in foreign markets and its perfect model in combination with strategic plans. Also, one of the main functional elements of financial management is focused on improving the organizational architecture of financial diagnostics, which embodies a wide range of indicators for a comprehensive assessment of financial and economic activities of companies.

This article is devoted to assessing structural changes in the chemical industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan. A brief review of the scientific literature on the topic is provided, namely, the ideas about the concept of structural change, structural growth, and standard composition. The results of the empirical analysis show the share of the production of basic chemical industry products in the structure of the economy (in percent), changes in the structure of the production of basic chemical industry products (in percent of the total), and standard values. At the end of the article, all the results of the calculations are summarized, and scientific conclusions and proposals are presented on the changes in the structure of the production of basic chemical industry products in the country.

In this article, the improvement of the audit of long-term assets based on international standards serves to increase the accuracy and transparency of financial statements. Within this topic, long-term asset valuation methods, principles of accounting for their depreciation, and verification processes in accordance with international auditing standards are analyzed. A standardized approach helps provide reliable information for investors and stakeholders while increasing the efficiency of the audit process.

The article presents data on the state of total electricity losses and the norms of electricity losses in the electric networks of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The problem of calculating electricity losses has been worrying power engineers for a very long time. Today, there are not enough sources for determining and calculating electricity losses. Due to the complexity of calculating losses and the presence of serious errors, special attention has recently been paid to the development of methods for standardizing electricity losses. Therefore, the topic of analyzing electricity losses in regional electric networks and developing measures to reduce them remains relevant.

Tourism is one of the most important sectors in the global economy,  it contributes to economic growth in countries around the world. Moreover, the development of tourism in the country improves investment, infrastructure and service market. The hospitality industry highly affects the global economyʼs GDP and provides jobs еar after еar. That is why many countries are making considerable efforts to develop tourism. Currently, Uzbekistan is paying special attention to improving this area. For this reason, it is important to explore trends in tourism management and identify prospective directions. This article is devoted to the tourism resource management trends in the global economy, as well as methods of implementation in Uzbekistan.

How does globalization affect labor markets and migration processes? In this study, the authors examine how globalization affects job opportunities, wages, and labor mobility. While skilled workers benefit from increased global opportunities, low-skilled workers face greater economic uncertainty. The study also examines the challenges of return migration, including skill mismatch and labor market reintegration difficulties. The results of the study suggest that globalization affects different workers in different ways, requiring policies that ensure fair opportunities and economic stability for all.

This article is devoted to analyzing the modern role of Lloyd’s of London – the oldest and the biggest insurance marketplace in the world – in addressing current challenges and opportunities within the global insurance landscape. It examines the institution's historical evolution, its unique business model, and its capacity to adapt to emerging risks such as climate change and sustainability issues.

The ways of the process of subsidizing universities within the framework of state finances in direction to universities and students have been studied on the basis of many studies. This article analyzes the main trends in the organization of subsidizing higher education in Uzbekistan, in recent еars in the direction to universities and students. Based on the analyses and studies, conclusions and proposals were made to change the features and aspects of the main areas of subsidization.

From 2021 to 2024, the government allocated financial resources ranging from 330 billion to 560 billion UZS to support exporting enterprises. As a result of financial assistance aimed at increasing export potential, local products worth 14 billion USD were delivered to foreign markets. The article evaluates the impact of government-provided financial support on the export potential of enterprises operating in the Republic of Uzbekistan and analyzes the efficiency of the allocated funds.

Big Data plays a crucial role in the transformation of medical management by providing new opportunities for analyzing large volumes of data, predicting diseases, and optimizing healthcare decision-making. This article examines the fundamental principles of using Big Data in medical management, the impact of analytics on decision-making, and the challenges associated with processing medical information. The study analyzes modern approaches to integrating Big Data into medical information systems and managing healthcare resources. The prospects of using artificial intelligence and machine learning in medical analytics, as well as issues related to data security and standardization, are discussed.

In the current conditions of economic development, one of the important conditions for the functioning and innovative development of companies is an effective management system. The stability and competitiveness of operating companies directly depends on their management. The established corporate management in turn affects the position of the company in the market, the level of its modernization, digitization and directly the standard of living of the company's employees. Today, it is considered important how to organize a cost-effective and scientifically based way of assessing the quality of management of companies, as well as systematic work on improving the management system.

This article analyzes the results of the 'Participatory Budgetingʻ initiative implemented in Uzbekistan in 2024. Using correlation and regression analysis methods, the study examines the influence of socio-economic factors on public initiatives and successful projects. The significance of the initiative and its role in socio-economic development are highlighted.

This article examines the research of foreign and local economist scholars on tax collection in our country, and analyzes the tax collection indicators in Uzbekistan. Based on the analysis of tax collection indicators and the factors affecting them, relevant conclusions have been drawn.

This article analyzes the eco-energy resources of renewable energy sources, the potential for mitigating the consequences of climate change and costs, and analyzes Uzbekistanʼs climate change strategy, energy requirements and greenhouse effect, options for reducing emissions, and renewable technologies (solar, wind, bioenergy and hydropower).

The article describes the importance of non-governmental educational organizations in the national economy of the country, the socio-economic policy of the government in the development of these sectors, the tasks of organizations that control the quality of educational services provided by non-governmental organizations, as well as the current issues of accounting in non-governmental organizations engaged in educational activities.

The article provides an economic analysis of attracting foreign investment into the economy of our country, uses institutional factors in developing short- and long-term forecasts of foreign investment inflows, and uses indicators of the economic freedom index conducted by the Heritage Foundation to assess institutional factors.

Investment activities of insurance companies are important for ensuring financial stability and improving the economic condition of the enterprise. Such activities depend on risk management, ensuring liquidity, compliance with financial and economic systems, as well as technological innovations. At the same time, insurance companies strive to maintain their stability by diversifying investment activities, minimizing risks, ensuring liquidity and making decisions in accordance with strategic goals. The use of technology, the use of innovative analytical tools and adaptation to global economic conditions are important factors in their practice.

The article examines the processes of underwriting products by companies in the insurance services market based on the types of products. The features of underwriting are analyzed depending on the type of insurance products.

The article examines the need to create an effective mechanism for value-added taxation in the tax practice of New Uzbekistan, tasks, systemic problems and issues of their solution. The author’s approach to substantiating the theoretical and methodological content of the tax mechanism in the prospects of socio-economic development of the country is proposed, which made it possible to identify the essential features of taxation, its significance and factorial nature, and the multilevel structure of the state tax mechanism. The possibilities of creating an effective mechanism for value-added taxation in the tax system of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been studied, and recommendations have been developed.

The article presents the features of insurance in the tourism sector and the classification of risks faced by this industry. The conditions for providing insurance services in the tourism sector, types of insurance products, points of interaction between insurance and tourism activities, problems of joint activities and ways to overcome them, as well as development measures are analyzed.

The article explores the organizational and economic foundations of state support and development of small businesses in the trade sector. The study examines the role and importance of marketing research, conditions for small business development, and the factors influencing it. Proposals are developed for utilizing franchising and merchandising to foster small business growth and retain customers in trade. In this context, recommendations are provided for transitioning to a customer-oriented strategy.

This article investigates the advantages of results-oriented budgeting over other methods and examines the application of this method in practice. It has been proposed that the implementation of results-oriented budgeting should not be considered in isolation, but rather in the context of public expenditure management reform and, more broadly, within the framework of public sector reform, including civil service reform, institutional reform, and change management. The study explores the view that results-oriented budgeting represents a system of budget formation (and execution) that reflects the relationship between planned (implemented) budget expenditures and expected (achieved) results.

This article examines the key policy decisions related to the tax base and rates of real estate tax, as well as the important tax administration functions–valuation, calculation, and collection. It also focuses on reforming both the traditional annual property tax (levied on the assessed value of buildings and land plots) and transaction taxes (collected as a tax or state fee [stamp duty] upon the transfer of real estate ownership). The article provides proposals and recommendations for successfully implementing real estate tax reforms and improving tax administration. Based on the analysis of scholarly literature and international experience, detailed recommendations are offered on the practical aspects of reforming real estate taxes in Uzbekistan.

The article analyzes the reasons for the change in competition in the insurance sector, the emergence of channel and inter-market types of competition in addition to traditional competition, that is, inter-industry, sales channel and inter-type competition. Theoretical, economic and practical analyses of new types of competition emerging in the sector are presented.

The article considers theoretical approaches to the problem of determining the role of taxes in the formation of the state budget, and the ratio of direct and indirect taxes in taxation. A comparative analysis is carried out in order to determine their optimal ratio. At the same time, such areas of the economy as underground trade and catering, motor transport, housing construction, and repair, and the provision of housing services are studied, and scientific and practical conclusions and proposals are formed on foreign experience and its application in our country.