Vol. 2 No. 6 (2024): Economic development and analysis

The article examines the business principles of regional district clustering in the context of the digital economy. Due to the impact of digitalization on economic clustering, the possible directions of increasing the efficiency of joint business are theoretically illuminated. The algorithm for creating an initial set of all possible routes to increase the efficiency of joint business carried out within the framework of clustering is studied in stages. Additional requirements for building an effective joint business are mentioned

This article is dedicated to analyzing the dynamics of changes in sukuk, which are relatively new instruments in Islamic finance, from 2001 to 2022. It includes analyses of various classifications of sukuk. The reasons for changes that occurred during the past period are commented on. Conclusions on the established trends in sukuk are presented. The article also covers stable directions in this field in certain countries.

According to the measures for the rapid development of all sectors in the Republic of Karakalpakstan on the initiative of the head of our state, 2 types of activity have been designated as specific "growth points" in each district. From that, tourism and greenhouses were identified as the driver industries in Ellikkala district. It's not for nothing. Because the historical objects in the area - castles, are expected to become one of the main tourist destinations of Ellikkala. Of these, 21 listed castles are considered to be worthy of inclusion in the international tourism route today. In 2020, as the flow of tourists decreased significantly due to the coronavirus pandemic, more than 40,000 pilgrims and travelers visited the district in the direction of domestic tourism, "Norinjon Bobo", "Kechirmas Ota Ziratgohi and Shifo Maskani", archaeological monuments and other tourist facilities.

The article explores the intricate mechanisms governing tourism and highlights strategies for fostering sustainable practices. Tourism plays a pivotal role in global economies, driving growth and development. However, to ensure its sustainability, it is essential to comprehend the underlying mechanisms shaping the industry.

This article is devoted to the improvement of tax administration related to profit tax. Income tax is an important source of revenue for the government, and effective tax administration is essential to ensure effective revenue collection and taxpayer compliance. This analysis explores various aspects of tax administration that could be improved to simplify the process, reduce tax evasion and create a more business-friendly environment. The analysis includes a review of relevant literature, studies and experiences from different countries. At the same time, such areas as underground trade and general catering, transport by motor vehicle, housing construction and repair, provision of residential services in the economy are studied, foreign experience and scientific-practical conclusion on its application in our country. and suggestions are formulated.

This article examines the country's potential in agritourism, the interest of tourists and agricultural producers in agritourism. The data was analyzed on the basis of basic statistical indicators in the field of tourism and questionnaires received from 153 agricultural enterprises in mountainous, desert and irrigated areas of 12 districts of the Samarkand region, as well as from 210 local and foreign tourists.

The article analyses the role of small business and private entrepreneurship in the development of foreign trade, its diversification and ensuring stable economic growth of the country. On the basis of the analysis scientifically substantiated practical proposals and recommendations to eliminate existing problems in the effective use of the potential of small business in the development of export are developed

This article highlights issues related to the automation of the ambulance service in the digital economy, the state of the ambulance service, the features of the development of the ambulance service and the management of this system. The scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of digitalization of the healthcare system, improvement and automation of ambulance, as well as regulatory documents in the ambulance system in the Republic of Uzbekistan were studied.

This article discusses the concepts of profit, its types, as well as its economic essence. Profit is the main goal of any business, and maximizing it is the main objective. The study and correct formation, distribution and use of profits is an indicator of the competent implementation of a business. The article discusses various types of profit, as well as various ways of generating profit. This analysis will help determine which areas of activity should be developed and what should be cancelled. Statistical data on the profits of enterprises for the last year period are also considered. According to the data, it can be observed that many enterprises may be unprofitable, but not cease their activities, since this area of activity is necessary for the country’s economy

In this article, a statistical study of the level and dynamics of life of the population is carried out. To determine the main directions for assessing the standard of living of the population in our country and statistical analysis of the monetary incomes of the population in its territories, the sources of their formation

This article examines the effectiveness of strategic management of enterprises, the factors affecting it, methods for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises and the issues of improving the organizational and economic management mechanism

These findings underscore the need for context-specific corporate governance models to optimize overall financial performance and mitigate risk. This research contributes to the understanding of how multiple governance models affect bank stability globally and provides information for policy makers and bank executives aiming to improve governance frameworks. These findings underscore the need for context-specific ways of corporate governance to optimize economic performance and mitigate risk. This research contributes to the expert knowledge of the ways in which different governance models affect the global stability of financial institutions and provides information for policymakers and bank executives aiming to improve governance frameworks.

This article examines the concept and essence of Islamic finance, consistent with the principles of Sharia, and its practical application, the development of the Islamic economy, the donation of international financial institutions and Islamic banks in the formation of banking resources. The role and importance of the development of Islamic finance in the process of transformation of the financial and banking system are also considered. The perspective of the development of Islamic finance and its role in the development of the country's economy is considered. Suggestions and recommendations on the implementation of the principles of Islamic finance are given.

In the article, the Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya regions of the southern region of the Republic of Uzbekistan are studied as a factor of attraction of natural raw materials-investments, investment attraction, investment opportunities are analyzed and relevant conclusions are presented. Organization of innovative production with effective use of natural, land, water, and labor resources in the regions, diversification of investments in specialized industries and balanced development of it based on mutual cooperation requires an adapted approach to strategic planning. Analyzing theoretical frameworks, methodological approaches and real practices specific to Uzbekistan, this article provides insight into how strategic planning can be effectively used to promote economic growth and sustainable development in the country's regions

Economic growth and human capital are highly correlated. The expansion of an economy's knowledge base, health, and welfare can be facilitated by human capital, which also has an impact on economic growth. The ability to alter a life is known as human capital. Ensuring socio-economic advancement is a global problem for human capital development, particularly in the areas of health, education, and living standards. This essay examines the connection between Uzbekistan's economic expansion and the development of its human capital. In the dynamic landscape of Uzbekistan's economic transformation, human capital development emerges as a pivotal determinant of sustained economic growth

By Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-4400 dated July 23, 2019 ”On measures to increase the popularity of microfinance services“, the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan was entrusted with the task of developing a “national strategy for increasing financial popularity”, which provides for expanding the popularity of financial services and increasing the level of financial literacy of business entities, consumer protection in the provision of financial services. The Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan has developed a national strategy to increase the popularity of financial services for 2021-2023. In this strategy, special emphasis is placed on the issues of entrepreneurship development in the country, income growth, and improving financial literacy of the population as an important tool for poverty reduction. It follows from this that in this monographic study, the issues of improving financial literacy of the population have been scientifically and methodically analyzed and practical suggestions and recommendations have been developed.

This article describes and analyzes the dynamics of indicators of reinsurance in regards to the general insurance field of Uzbekistan in recent years, including the volume of reinsurance premiums received from reinsurance and given to reinsurance. The existing problems in the development of reinsurance in the insurance market are also shown, and proposals for their solution are given.

In this article, the scientific-theoretical issues of taxation of service enterprises in
Uzbekistan, the development of the service sector based on special approaches, the provision of business entities with financial resources and infrastructure, and the introduction of a favorable tax regime for them are defined as the current issues of today. received, which requires the application of favorable tax regimes to service enterprises and the implementation of research and development
activities aimed at achieving its effectiveness. At the same time, it is necessary to take the service to business entities to a new level, to further increase the tax administration literacy of the population, to support entrepreneurship, to create an equal competitive environment and to guarantee the rights of consumers, and to curb the hidden economy. improvement of administration based on
encouraging active participation is highlighted. At the same time, the fields were studied, foreign experience, scientific-practical conclusions and proposals were formed on its application in our country.

The article analyzes the dynamics of the main economic indicators of the trade
sector of the Bukhara region in 2012-2023. Based on the trend analysis of socio-economic indicators of the dynamics of trading activity, a generalized complex forecast model has been developed and optimistic and pessimistic forecast scenarios for 2025-2027 have been developed.

The article examines in detail the banking services provided by commercial banks
in Uzbekistan, analyzed on the basis of practical data. As a result of the conducted research, existing problems were identified and proposals for their elimination were developed.

This study examines the relationship between key macroeconomic indicators,
including the Human Development Index, Gender, Business, and Law indices, as well as the ease of doing business index and import level, with the inflow of foreign direct investment into Uzbekistan. Using OLS regression, correlation analysis, cointegration tests, and other econometric techniques, the analysis reveals that changes in the Human Development Index, Gender Index, Business and Legal index, and Import level positively correlate with foreign investment inflows. This suggests that human development, gender equality, business environment, and improved import policies play crucial roles in attracting foreign investments.

The article examined the foreign practice of financing Women's Entrepreneurship and the possibilities of its use in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the existing problems are highlighted in this process, and recommendations for their elimination are developed.

Due to the Internet technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work has
become popular in recent times, but many companies are reluctant to switch to a remote work system. Therefore, the research aims to explore the remote work experience of companies in order to determine the economic advantages of remote work, as well as to develop scenarios for remote work. Research methodology is based on case analysis, comparative analysis, economic analysis and scenario method. According to the results of the study, companies can save on building maintenance costs, electricity and Internet bills by using remote work practices. However, it
becomes difficult to control employees when working from home, and only highly automated companies can adopt this practice.

This article describes the implementation of innovative methods for the
development of tourism in the “Silk Road” regions and its economic aspects. Also, in order to meet the growing demands and needs of tourists, several innovative forms of sustainable tourism are presented.

The purpose of this article is to determine the role of small business in the national
economy of Karakalpakstan. Statistical data for 2015-2022 were used to solve this problem. The article shows the role of small business for the national economies of developed and developing countries, a comparative analysis is carried out on such characteristics as employment, the structure of small business according to macroeconomic indicators, the contribution of small business to the replenishment of the budget and extra-budgetary funds. The problems of comparing statistical data on small business in Karakalpakstan are shown. A special feature of the article is the consideration of self-employment as a structural element of small business in
Karakalpakstan. 

This study shows the role and necessity of multilateral and regional trade
agreements in the economic development of Uzbekistan, the advantages of trade agreements. The article also reflects the export of goods and services with the main partner countries. During the research process, the turnover of foreign trade with the CIS countries, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and other foreign countries (WTO members) was analyzed.

The purpose of the study is to study the theoretical and practical foundations of
human capital development factors in the process of implementing concepts and strategies for the socio-economic development of Uzbekistan. Analysis of practical work aimed at improving science, education, health and culture for the development of human capital in the new Uzbekistan, development efforts along with world civilizations and countries of the world. In the process of forming human capital in the interests of innovative development, it is aimed at education, knowledge, skills, abilities, motivation, professional orientation of the individual, training of carriers of new knowledge, the formation of social demand and the development of competencies
that satisfy needs.

In this article, the experience of foreign countries in increasing the
competitiveness of food industry enterprises, innovative news in food industry enterprises, reforms aimed at the development of food industry enterprises in nationalism, existing problems, scientific researches and their results, statistical analyzes and the implementation of innovative solutions are presented in this article. a number of issues are scientifically described.

This sciеntific аrticlе cоvеrs thе institutiоnаl frаmеwоrk fоr stаtе rеgulаtiоn оf
nаturаl mоnоpоly еntеrprisеs. Thе rеfоrms cаrriеd оut tо prоmоtе cоmpеtitiоn аmоng еntеrprisеs оpеrаting in thе fiеlds оf nаturаl mоnоpоliеs, prоtеct cоnsumеr rights, еncоurаgе initiаtivеs, prоmоtе thе аctivitiеs оf nоn-prоfit еntеrprisеs, thе institutiоnаl аspеcts оf stаtе rеgulаtiоn оf thе industry аrе cоvеrеd, аnd sciеntific prоpоsаls аnd rеcоmmеndаtiоns hаvе bееn dеvеlоpеd оn еxisting prоblеms.

This article examines the problem of low occupancy of hotel facilities in the
Karakalpakstan region, Uzbekistan. The study examined various strategies and approaches to solving this problem, including marketing initiatives, improving service quality, developing infrastructure, attracting investment and strengthening partnerships. The author proposes an integrated approach to increasing hotel occupancy, which can contribute to the development of tourism in the region.

This article analyzes the fact that innovation is becoming one of the most
characteristic features of economic development and a factor that accelerates market
development. Also, suggestions and recommendations are given that the rapid development of entrepreneurship can be achieved through the wide use of innovations in the modern world. The introduction of modern innovative technologies is a positive step for enterprises. Effective informatization of innovative technologies significantly increases macroeconomic indicators and socio-economic development processes of the enterprise, which leads to an increase in the quality and level of management decisions, the efficiency of information processes and services, which in turn improves socio-economic, scientific, technical, improves cultural and other indicators of life.
The introduction of information in all processes and the development of modern digital
technologies will have a positive effect on GDP growth. Digital technologies will significantly change the efficiency of the world economy. Global network, digital devices are drivers of economic growth. For this reason, their role in networks is of incomparable importance. The stages and importance of integration of digital technologies with socio-economic spheres are mentioned.

The article explores the activities of retail enterprises, analysis of the factors
affecting them, scientific-theoretical approaches of scientists on the development of chakaa trade, analysis of foreign organizations in the development of retail trade. Marketing research of retail organizations has been conducted.

Increasing the economic potential of agricultural enterprises, developing the
production of high-value-added products in the industry, providing the country's industry with raw materials and the population with high-quality food products is important at the present stage of economic reforms. Based on this, this article analyzes the methodology for analyzing the economic potential of agricultural enterprises.

This article presents modern trends in the development of foreign economic
relations of the region, strategies and practices aimed at strengthening economic ties between countries and regions, as well as globalization and integration of these modern trends, digital economy, sustainable development, development of transport, logistics infrastructure, innovation and technological progress. These trends are the main factors in the development of interregional economic relations, which serve to ensure economic growth, increase trade and investment flows, and support sustainable development. In our country, these trends play an important role in ensuring the country's economic stability and increasing its competitiveness in international
trade.

This article examines the dynamics of absolute and relative mortality rates of the
population of the Republic of Karakalpakstan over a 20-year period, and compares the position of these indicators in cities and villages. Also, in the context of regional cities of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, mortality rates were analyzed through cross-comparison, the indicators of regional cities were examined based on international criteria, and the causes of death of the deceased were analyzed. In addition, the dynamics of infant mortality in the Republic of Karakalpakstan was studied and an analysis was carried out of the causes of death by year, as well as those who died under the age of 1 year. A comparison and analysis of the dynamics of life expectancy at birth in the Republic of Karakalpakstan in recent years has been carried out, and
conclusions and proposals have been made based on all the analyses.

In this article, the econometric analysis of the factors influencing the development
of tourism in Uzbekistan was carried out, and the annual statistical data of the last years were tested by constructing regression equations based on the method of least squares.

This article provides extensive coverage of the main aspects of the internal control
system of joint-stock companies in the process of corporate governance. The measures taken in the practice of effective organization of the activities of joint-stock companies in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the introduction of an internal audit system of management processes have been scientifically studied. The concept of "internal control" and its role in the process of effective management of joint-stock companies are analyzed. 

This article analyzes existing approaches to determining takaful from the point of view of various factors. Based on the study of many theoretical and scientific sources, the principles, rules and features of traditional commercial insurance and tafakul insurance are considered. Based on the functions, principles and rules analyzed in the article, the economic nature and content of takaful is revealed, and the mechanisms for their implementation in modern conditions are shown.

The article develops proposals and recommendations on a theoretical basis for the commercialization of scientific projects, organizational mechanisms and the effective use of infrastructure to improve the efficiency of small businesses and production, especially in terms of product output. based on innovation.

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of state regulation of the activities of business entities. The work analyzes the opinions and views of leading representatives of economic schools on the role of the state in the economy, the goals and objectives of regulating economic activity. Based on the characteristics of business companies, the article gives the author’s definition of the concept of state regulation of business companies. Based on the results of the study, conclusions and proposals were developed to improve the mechanisms of state regulation of the activities of business entities.

The article describes the approaches of foreign scientists to the concept of the creative economy and its constituent industries. The American and British approaches to the main sectors of the creative economy are compared. In 1900-2008 trends in the development of the creative working class in the structure of the US working class were studied. Based on the UK methodology, the state of development of the creative economy in Uzbekistan is analyzed from the point of view of its constituent industries and the number of employees. Scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at developing the creative economy in Uzbekistan have also been developed.

This article describes the analysis and problems of tourism service activities in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the effective use of tourism potential in the near future, increasing the attractiveness of the region for domestic and foreign tourism markets, improving tourism infrastructure, identifying cultural heritage, culture and art, introducing new tourism services, measures to increase the types of national handicraft products, create new jobs in this area, and it is said that work will be carried out in this direction.

The article describes the importance of the KPI system in increasing the profitability of commercial banks in ouг republic, the reasons for its emergence, the need to use and improve the KPI system, the impact of the KPI system on increasing the volume of income-generating assets of the bank and reducing problem loans.

The article critically examines the theoretical aspects, types, importance of taxation of natural resources and property, and its actual status in budget revenues, and the author's opinions on their elimination are presented.

This article discusses the non-observed economy, methods for its assessment, international recommendations and approaches, the components of the non-observed economy, informal economy, hidden economy, illegal economy, work carried out in our country to assess it, statistical observations were carried out in order to assess the non-observed economy, as well analyzed the impact of the informal economy on the gross domestic product of Uzbekistan.

In the context of the development of the digital infrastructure, the specific features of the tax debt collection mechanism in the tax administration were studied in this article, the main focus is on the role of tax legislation and the obligations of taxpayers. Also, conclusions were drawn on general problems, including the need to improve the enforcement of tax obligations and tax evasion, and the need to make tax legislation and tax rules more precise and simpler. At the same time, some important reforms were studied and scientific-practical conclusions and proposals were developed on foreign experience and its application in our country.

The article examines the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its development in the context of modern economic, social, and environmental challenges. The author analyzes the historical development of CSR, starting from the works of Howard Bowen and Archie Carroll, and considers international standards such as ISO 26000:2010. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of international and national CSR implementation practices. The article emphasizes that companies view social projects as investments that contribute to competitive advantages and sustainable development. Examples of successful companies are provided, and barriers to CSR development in Uzbekistan are analyzed, along with proposed solutions to overcome them.

The article highlights the role of the insurance market in the economy, its current state and development trends, as well as factors, problems and ways to solve them that have a negative impact on the development of the insurance market.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of urban agglomerations in Uzbekistan and the study of regional features of this process. The main attention is paid to the impact of urbanization on the economic and social development of regions, as well as the opportunities and challenges that arise during the formation and functioning of urban agglomerations.

Direct or indirect regulation of the banking services market serves to prevent and minimize negative situations that may occur. Regulation and control of the market of banking services by the Central Bank will not only develop inter-bank competition in the country, but also create a basis for increasing the quantity and quality of banking services. From this point of view, the research and improvement of regulatory practices of the banking services market in the Republic of Uzbekistan is a factor of sustainable development of the banking system. In this article, the issues of regulation of the market of banking services in the Republic of Uzbekistan are studied and relevant recommendations are developed.

Since gaining independence for all 33 years, Russia has been one of the key trade and economic partners of Uzbekistan, taking mainly the first positions in terms of trade turnover. In 2024, the two countries signed a number of strategic documents related to the economy, migration, education, tourism and other areas. There is a tendency to further strengthen economic and cultural relations between the two countries. In this regard, the relevance of knowledge of the Russian language is growing. What influence does the Russian language have in the interstate dialogue? In particular, what problems do migrants, students, and business entities face? And what needs to be done to solve the current problems related to knowledge of the Russian language? In this article, an analysis is carried out to answer the above questions.

The article describes the need and importance of the organizational and economic mechanism of corporate governance in the construction industry. The author explores and compares the views of foreign and uzbek researchers in the field of organizational and economic mechanism of corporate governance. The author also proposes the structure of the organizational and economic management mechanism in the construction industry, based on the characteristics of this industry.

This article analyzes the behavior of business entities in the investment process in the economic theory of Dj. M. Keynes. The article examines the role of predel efficiency, interest rates and uncertainty as key factors in investment decisions. It also explains how economic activity can increase as a result of initial investment through the Keynesian multiplier model. With the help of modern economic research and criticism, the Keynesian theory will be reviewed more broadly and its adaptation to new conditions will be analyzed.

The article examines current trends in the development of regional economies in the context of sustainable development. The theory and model of regional economic development, which are based on the use of environmental factors, are shown.

Innovative development plays the greatest role in the socio-economic development of countries and regions. To assess the countries of the world and compare them by the level of innovation development, the Global Innovation Index and a number of other indices have been developed, which include data on human and financial resources spent on the development of innovation. This article examines the positions occupied by Uzbekistan in the Global Innovation Index and other rankings.

This article describes the accounting policy for the preparation of financial statements of joint-stock companies based on international standards, based on specific principles, methods, generally accepted conditions and rules and practical approaches, as well as four-stage general rules for the preparation of financial statements, the main objects of accounting and application.

The article is devoted to the theory of public procurement. In methodological terms, public procurement is considered in logical connection with such categories as proportionality, regularity and planning. And public procurement is presented as a method of gradual transition from a spontaneous market to a regulated market economy, and then - the outgrowth of a market economy into a planned one.

The article describes the procedures for assessing the activities of tax authorities, the main purposes of the assessment, scientists who conducted scientific research on this topic, their views, indicators assessing the effectiveness of the activities of tax authorities, their content evaluation. The effectiveness of the activities of tax authorities in the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign countries, as well as an understanding of their current state.

This article examines the peculiarities of the behavior of applicants as consumers of educational services. The author analyzes sociological approaches to the definition of the concept of "educational service".

The article analyzes current issues of economic security in industrial clusters of the Republic of Uzbekistan using the example of cotton and textile clusters. The essence of economic security is studied from a theoretical point of view and the importance of its assessment is described. In addition, the economic indicators of cotton-textile clusters were analyzed and recommendations were proposed to ensure their economic sustainability and safety.

The article describes the issues of improving the audit of financial results of business entities. The procedure for conducting an audit of financial results based on the information obtained from the practice is described.

Regional economic development has attracted the interest of economists, geographers, planners and regional scholars for a long time. And, of course, it is a field that has developed a large body of practitioners from national to regional and local levels in government and business agencies. In the planning of large and small cities and regions, economic development issues are now being integrated into strategic planning processes. This article presents the opinions and conclusions of scientists on the forms and methods of managing the regional economy.

The article analyzes innovations used in improving banking products and services, comments on financial innovations in improving banking services, bringing them to a new level of quality.

The article analyzes the current state of financing of joint stock companies through IPOs and the sale of shares through SPOs. The economic history of Uzbekistan presents the results of 7 public offerings (IPO/SPO) of enterprises Quartz JSC, Kokand Mechanical Plant JSC, Jizzakh Plastics JSC, UzAuto Motors JSC, Uzbekinvest JSC, Uzbektelecom JSC, achievements and problems in this regard. Appropriate conclusions were drawn on the topic and proposals were made.

In this article, the experience of foreign countries on the use of budget rules in ensuring macroeconomic stability and the possibilities of its implementation in the economy of Uzbekistan are studied. The article also presents a dynamic analysis of the fiscal rules by country of the world by type according to the general nature and the scale of the designation.

This article reveals the specifics of using the method of selective observation in the statistical analysis of housing and communal services. Theoretical aspects of the statistical evaluation of the activities of communal enterprises by the method of selective observation were also studied.