Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Advanced Economics and Pedagogical Technologies

This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic advantages of using nuclear power plants and the state of their control. The study studied the long-term investment nature of nuclear energy, the structure of capital costs, the effectiveness of exploitation and the impact of the load factor on economic results. Also, the impact of safety and control systems on economic stability in nuclear power plants, the importance of international standards and national regulatory mechanisms are highlighted. Scientific and practical proposals have been developed that the economic efficiency of Atomic Energy should be assessed not only in terms of cost, but also in terms of life cycle costs, safety factors and energy safety

This article examines the types of takaful models in the organization of takaful insurance funds, the differences between takaful models, the development and essence of the Islamic insurance financial market, its scientific approaches to modern Islamic financial instruments, and the scientific foundations of the mechanism of operation and typology of takaful insurance models, sheds light on the scientific and theoretical views on the content and role of takaful insurance fund models in the global insurance market, and assesses the development and current state of takaful insurance fund models in the insurance market

This article analyzes the impact of capital adequacy and financial stability on the competitiveness of commercial banks in the financial market. The study examines capital adequacy ratios within the banking system, risk management mechanisms, and the institutional foundations for ensuring the financial stability of banks. Based on international financial standards, particularly the Basel III framework, the relationship between bank capital and competitiveness is analyzed. The results of the study demonstrate that maintaining financial stability in banks is a crucial factor in strengthening the competitive environment within the financial market.

In this article, the theoretical and methodological foundations of managing the diversification of types of tourism are analyzed in a comprehensive way. The study scientifically substantiates the economic content of the concept of diversification, its role and strategic importance in the tourism system. The need to manage tourism based on the principles of systematic, strategic and sustainable development is emphasized. During the study, a conceptual model for managing the diversification of tourism types was proposed, which includes the stages of assessing resource potential, market segmentation, the formation of a tourism product portfolio, the improvement of institutional mechanisms and the implementation of a monitoring system. Scientific recommendations and recommendations have also been developed on ensuring economic stability of diversification, reducing seasonality, promoting territorial development and creating added value, making strategic decisions in the field of Tourism, Competitive and sustainable development of the industry

This article examines the implementation of developmental learning through the development of subject-specific competencies. The content of subject-specific competencies in teaching economic disciplines and the methods for developing them are discussed

This article examines the strategic directions for developing innovations in the entrepreneurial sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms for supporting entrepreneurial entities in the transition to an innovation-driven economy, the introduction of digital technologies, the development of startup projects, the attraction of investments, and the strengthening of cooperation between the public and private sectors. The study also analyzes institutional reforms aimed at stimulating innovative activity, implementing research results into production, and creating a competitive entrepreneurial environment. The research findings are important for promoting innovative entrepreneurship and ensuring sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan

This аrticle аnаlyzes the rоle аnd impоrtаnce оf e-cоmmerce in the innоvаtive develоpment оf the trаding system. It exаmines the impаct оf mоdern infоrmаtiоn аnd cоmmunicаtiоn technоlоgies оn the trаding system аnd the develоpment оf electrоnic plаtfоrms аnd оnline stоres

This study examines the economic efficiency of structural changes in the regional service system using the Kashkadarya region as an example. The study analyzes the characteristics of regional service sector development, the dynamics of structural shifts, and their impact on economic performance. The study proposes scientific and methodological approaches to improving the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of structural changes in the service system

This article provides a scientific analysis of improving the economic and social efficiency of the manufacturing industry. The study emphasizes the role of the manufacturing industry in national economic development, its importance in increasing production volumes, creating added value, and providing employment

The article examines issues related to improving the structure of GDP in Uzbekistan. A comparative analysis of the economic potential and the level of economic development of regions is conducted based on the gross regional product (GRP). The study also analyzes the impact of GRP per capita on the real incomes of the regional population. Based on the theory of economic convergence, the process of convergence of Uzbekistan’s GDP per capita with the per capita GDP of developed countries in the long term is analyzed using forecast calculations up to 2030

This article analyzes the theoretical essence of financial instruments in regional development processes, their role in the economic system and issues of assessing their effectiveness. The study examines the classification of financial instruments, their theoretical foundations in relation to economic schools, and the mechanism of their influence on regional economic development. Also, the fiscal, investment, institutional, social, and innovation criteria used in assessing the effectiveness of financial instruments are scientifically substantiated

The article analyzes the economic significance and effectiveness of the use of external debt in financing infrastructure projects in Uzbekistan. The study examined the role of external debt resources in the development of energy, transport, utilities and water management infrastructure. It also analyzed the multiplier effect of infrastructure investments on economic growth, institutional problems in financing investment projects and opportunities for the effective use of external debt. The results of the study showed that improving investment assessment mechanisms, expanding public-private partnerships and effective management of the external debt portfolio are of great importance in financing infrastructure projects. These approaches will serve to increase the efficiency of the use of external debt and the sustainable development of the country's infrastructure

This article explores modern methodological approaches to assessing the quality of banking services provided to individuals. In the context of digital banking expansion, omnichannel service models, and the increasing importance of customer experience, traditional evaluation criteria are no longer sufficient. The study conceptualizes service quality as a multidimensional economic category and proposes an integrated assessment framework incorporating functional efficiency, digital interface usability, communicative transparency, security standards, and customer loyalty indicators. Particular emphasis is placed on combining subjective satisfaction metrics with objective operational parameters. As a result, a modern methodological model is developed to support continuous monitoring and strategic management of service quality in retail banking for individuals

This article analyzes the role of digital payment systems in the economy and their impact on money circulation and the velocity of money. Digital payment systems ensure the speed, transparency, and security of financial transactions, thereby reducing the need for cash. This process positively influences economic development, accelerates money circulation, and contributes to the wider accessibility of financial services. In addition, the article highlights opportunities to accelerate economic processes through electronic payments, mobile banking, and other digital technologies

This article scientifically analyzes the issues of forming and improving the internal control system at enterprises in the context of the digital economy. The study highlights the role of the internal control system in corporate governance, its significance in risk management, and its impact on financial stability. As a result of the introduction of digital technologies, it is substantiated that the internal control system will transform from a traditional inspection mechanism into a proactive, real-time management tool. The need to automate the internal control system, integrate it with information systems, and apply a risk-oriented approach is also indicated. The research results are important for increasing the efficiency of management at enterprises, reducing financial errors, and ensuring the efficient use of resources

This article analyzes the development trends of communication and informatization services for the population in the Kashkadarya region and develops multifactor empirical models for forecasting these services. Based on regional statistical data, the key influencing factors are identified, and their impact on service volume is assessed using econometric methods. The study employs regression analysis, time series analysis, and modern econometric approaches in model construction. The obtained results allow forecasting the future dynamics of communication and informatization services and provide practical recommendations for sector development. The findings are significant for enhancing regional economic growth, improving digital infrastructure, and ensuring effective management of the service market

This article systematically examines the socio-economic factors influencing the level of housing provision for the population. The study identifies and groups key factors such as income levels, employment status, family composition, urbanization processes, availability of mortgage lending, housing prices, state housing policy and subsidies, demographic changes, and infrastructure development. The research findings aim to determine the interrelationships among these factors and the extent of their impact on improving housing conditions for the population, while providing practical recommendations for shaping state policy and ensuring socio-economic stability

The article examines approaches to developing a practical model for adapting foreign university marketing strategies to the context of higher education institutions in Uzbekistan, taking into account institutional reforms, the characteristics of the digital environment, and legal restrictions on data processing. It considers the methodological foundations of the study, including a review of international and Uzbek literature and official sources, comparative case analysis, SWOT analysis, as well as the modeling of survey and interview results

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of investments directed to the agricultural sector on economic growth in Uzbekistan. The research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model using statistical data collected for the period 2000- 2024. The results of the analysis indicate that investments in the agricultural sector have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth. In addition, agricultural exports and labor resources are also identified as important factors influencing economic growth. The findings suggest that encouraging investment in the agricultural sector is essential for ensuring sustainable economic development

Today, in a period of political and economic tensions around the world, environmental problems are also having an impact on the continued growth trends of countries' economies. The labor market, which is an integral part of the economy, is also facing a number of obstacles in this regard. In order to overcome these obstacles, a number of works are being carried out in our country to create new jobs, increase incomes, reduce unemployment, and improve the living standards of the population

This article examines the specifics of managing enterprise innovation activities in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. It examines the impact of digital technologies and artificial intelligence on improving the efficiency of innovation processes and the competitiveness of enterprises. The need to improve innovation management mechanisms in the current economic environment is substantiated

This study analyzes the interrelationship between consistency and quality in team performance and their impact on efficiency. The research is based on empirical data from the “Iman Invest Fintech” company, in which the daily activities of teams, the stability of results, and service quality indicators were examined in depth. The main focus is on identifying the role of consistency (stability, adherence to processes, and repeatability of results) in overall performance. The results indicate that for teams, the ability to consistently deliver stable outcomes is, in some cases, more important than achieving high but inconsistent quality results. Consistency strengthens collaboration within the team, reduces errors, and improves predictability, which in turn enhances overall efficiency. The study employs regression and panel analysis methods to evaluate the relative impact of consistency and quality. In addition, although diminishing marginal returns of consistency were identified, it still remains a significant factor. In conclusion, developing consistency as a priority direction for fintech teams is considered an effective strategy for improving efficiency

This study examines the role of behavioral factors in decision-making by farmers in agriculture. Based on literature analysis, it highlights the impact of social norms, risk attitudes, and time preferences on economic decisions. The findings show that considering these factors is essential for improving efficiency and ensuring sustainable agricultural development

The article examines the issues of real estate taxation, its features, scientists who conducted research in this area, the legal basis for real estate taxation, the proposed methodology for indexing cadastral value, approaches to assessing cadastral value in real estate taxation, as well as the experience of foreign countries in setting real estate tax rates

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for improving control mechanisms over the targeted use of public budget funds. The study analyzes the role of budget control within the public financial management system, as well as modern approaches and international best practices. Furthermore, key challenges hindering the efficient use of budget resources in Uzbekistan are identified, and scientifically grounded recommendations are proposed to address them. The findings highlight the importance of implementing risk-based approaches, digital technologies, big data analytics, and public oversight mechanisms in strengthening budget control systems. The practical significance of the study lies in enhancing the efficiency of public financial management and reinforcing fiscal discipline

This article provides a detailed analysis of the main directions of digitalization in the tourism sector. The author explores key trends in this field, with a particular focus on the evolution of the "Smart Tourism" concept and the theoretical foundations for implementing Industry 4.0 technologies within the "Tourism 4.0" framework. The study examines the formation of digital ecosystems and their direct impact on enhancing the competitiveness of tourism destinations. Based on an analysis of the perspectives of leading scholars, the article provides an assessment of the current state of tourism industry digitalization processes in the Republic of Uzbekistan

This paper analyzes the causes of challenges in implementing inclusivity in modern service-sector companies in Uzbekistan, which undoubtedly exist and hinder these organizations from realizing their full potential. It also examines the consequences of the lack of inclusivity in service enterprises. In addition, the article provides a detailed analysis of the opportunities and advantages of implementing inclusivity policies for service companies in Uzbekistan

The article describes the specific features of cost accounting in geological exploration, the structure of cost classification in them and the procedure for accounting. Scientific proposals and practical recommendations are formulated to improve costs in the field of geology

This article provides a systematic investigation into the cognitive determinants that govern the transformation of subjective risk within entrepreneurial activities. Within the framework of this research, the deterministic role of cognitive biases, heuristic methods, and psychological predispositions in constructing the architecture of subjective risk during the decision-making process is elucidated

This article examines the problems and solutions for coordinating industrial cargo transportation between railway and road transport in Uzbekistan. The efficiency of intermodal transport systems, factors affecting coordination, and modern digital management tools are analyzed. According to the research results, integrated management of the two transport modes enables a cost reduction of 15–25% and a significant shortening of cargo delivery times. A coordination model and implementation recommendations are proposed

This article analyzes the priority areas of improving tax administration in the Republic of Uzbekistan, in particular, the issues of digitization of the tax system, implementation of international standards (OECD) and optimization of tax control. During the study, specific solutions were proposed to reduce the human factor in selecting candidates for tax audits, accelerate analytical processes using "Big Data" technologies, and expand the tax base in the field of e-commerce. It also covers mechanisms for reducing the administrative burden by introducing a tax monitoring system for large taxpayers and establishing cooperation with taxpayers based on mutual trust

This article analyzes the economic efficiency and organizational mechanisms of economic entities in developed countries. The results of the study show that the possibilities of creating a favorable financial environment for economic entities by studying foreign experiences and adapting them to the economy of our country were considered. At the same time, based on the results of the analysis, specific recommendations were developed in the areas of further improving state policy, introducing new financing mechanisms and eliminating existing problems

This article covers the issues of sustainable development of agriculture in the regions of Uzbekistan, innovative activities and management efficiency in sustainable agriculture

In the world, there is a growing need for scientific research that will create a basis for improving the mechanisms for using tourist and recreational facilities in order to develop the tourism sector, increase its share in macroeconomic indicators, and provide the population with new jobs in the regions of the country. In this regard, the issues of developing new methodological approaches are of urgent importance

This study presents an in-depth analysis of the current state of the Uzbek pension system and the impact of demographic changes and life expectancy on pension liabilities. The size of pension reserves, the present value of liabilities, and financial sustainability indicators were calculated using actuarial models

This article examines the economic essence of digital governance in joint-stock companies, with a particular focus on banks operating under conditions of institutional and technological transformation. The study argues that digital governance should not be reduced to automation or IT adoption, but should be interpreted as a data-driven management system influencing decision quality, risk management, compliance, and financial stability. Using a systematic and comparative approach, the limitations of macro-level indices such as DESI and EGDI are identified in assessing corporate governance effectiveness. To address this gap, the paper proposes an integrated author’s indicator system and an integral evaluation model linking digital governance maturity with economic and risk-related outcomes. The findings provide a methodological basis for empirical analysis and practical application in banking governance

This scientific article comprehensively analyzes the main factors affecting the employment of competent specialists in the labor market. The study examines the relationship between the requirements of the labor market in the modern economic environment, the efficiency of the higher education system, the level of professional and practical competencies, digital skills, employers' requirements for personnel and state employment policy. The Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the State Statistics Committee, reports of international organizations (ILO, OECD, World Bank) and the results of a survey among 300 graduates of higher educational institutions. The article argues that, along with theoretical knowledge, practical training, flexibility, initiative and the ability to work with modern technologies are important factors in increasing the competitiveness of competent specialists. The relative weighting of the factors affecting employment was quantified using correlation and regression analysis. The article concludes with scientific and practical conclusions and proposals aimed at increasing the share of qualified personnel in the labor market, expanding the employability of graduates and strengthening the integration of education with practice

This article analyzes the relationship between the retirement age and demographic and macroeconomic factors within the pension system of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the study is to justify the need for reforming the retirement age and to assess its impact on fiscal sustainability. The study employs statistical and comparative analysis methods, calculation of the demographic dependency ratio, and formulas describing the relationship between insurance service length and the pension payment period. The results indicate that population aging and increasing life expectancy intensify long-term fiscal pressure on the pension system. Imbalances among current parameters may negatively affect system stability. The calculations confirm that a gradual increase in the retirement age, expansion of the minimum employment period, and diversification of insurance contributions strengthen the financial sustainability of the system

This article examines the integrated package mechanisms of the circular economy from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It focuses on the coordination of economic, environmental, and institutional instruments as a unified system to enhance resource efficiency, reduce waste, and optimize recycling processes. The study analyzes the combined effects of financial incentives, tax instruments, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), green investments, and public policy. The findings highlight the advantages of integrated approaches and justify their applicability in national economic systems

This article examines the scientific foundations of the methodology for determining the value added tax base on a margin basis. It analyses the substance of the margin approach introduced in Uzbekistan from 2026, its legal and methodological foundations, as well as the main practical problems and ways to address them. The study proposes the necessary conditions for the effective application of the margin-based tax base, an algorithm for VAT calculation, and a five-criteria filter for extending this approach to other segments. It also discusses the experience of the European Union and the United Kingdom, focusing on fiscal neutrality, documentation discipline, and control indicators in the application of the margin scheme. The article develops conclusions and proposals aimed at the scientifically grounded improvement of the margin-based VAT base methodology in Uzbekistan

This article analyzes the main features of the social insurance system in the countries of the European Union, its structure, financing mechanisms, and coordination rules at the European level. Although each member state has the right to independently establish its national social insurance system, common coordination rules have been introduced to ensure the free movement of European Union citizens and the protection of their social rights. The article compares the share of social protection expenditures in gross domestic product (GDP), key policy directions, and various social models. The results of the study indicate that the social insurance system in European Union countries serves as an effective mechanism for protecting the population from social risks; however, due to population aging and increasing financial pressures, it requires continuous reforms

This article analyzes the issues of improving innovative models for the development of the vocational education services market and their methodological foundations. The relevance of the study stems from the need to adapt the education system to the requirements of the labor market. The research employs methods of system analysis, comparative approach, and economic modeling. The results demonstrate the significant role of innovative models in improving educational efficiency. The author has developed methodological recommendations aimed at developing the vocational education services market

The paper provides an in-depth examination of key issues such as methodologies for assessing tax system efficiency, the impact of tax burden on economic growth, and the fiscal effectiveness of tax incentives. Special attention is given to the large-scale tax reform implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan since 2017. Based on a comparison of Uzbekistan’s tax burden with OECD countries and developing economies, several strategic recommendations are proposed. The findings indicate that the ongoing tax reforms in Uzbekistan contribute to the stabilization of budget revenues and the stimulation of economic growth; however, challenges remain in the areas of tax administration and ease of tax compliance

This article examines the economic nature of informal employment and the key factors influencing its formation. The study highlights the role of informal employment in maintaining labor market equme generation, and its negative consequences, particularly the weakening of the social protection system and the decline in tax revenues. In addition, the causes of informal employment are systematically analyzed based on economic, institutional, demographic, and social factors. The findings suggest that rather than reducing informal employment, it is necessary to ensure its gradual integration into the formal sector

The article examines the transformation of corporate governance of state-owned companies in a transition economy, using the example of the mining sector of Uzbekistan. The study is based on a comparative analysis of two main enterprises of the industry  JSC “Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combine” and JSC “Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine”. The article shows that formal elements of corporate governance are being implemented faster than their integration into managerial practice. As a result, hybrid governance models are formed that combine state participation with market mechanisms of transparency and accountability

This paper examines the key factors of professional success and their economic aspects in the context of a modern economy. Due to globalization, technological transformation, and increasing labor market competition, the requirements for professionals are rapidly changing. The study explores theoretical foundations of professional success, including human capital and social capital theories, as well as the importance of hard and soft skills. Special attention is given to the impact of the economic environment, labor market conditions, and educational investments on career development. The paper also analyzes effective strategies for achieving success, such as personal development planning, networking, and financial literacy. Practical recommendations for students and young professionals are provided

This article proposes an integrated multi-criteria methodology for assessing the efficiency of innovation and investment activities using the example of sports equipment manufacturing enterprises. The methodology is based on a composite index that combines financial, innovation, and market criteria. The practical application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through the analysis of empirical data from “DDR sport” LLC and “Shahdam sport” LLC for the period 2021–2025. Tabular and graphical analyses confirm the diagnostic capabilities of the methodology

This article analyzes the role and importance of fulfillment centers in e-commerce logistics. The issues of efficient organization of order processing are considered, and an analysis is conducted based on statistical data. As a result of the research, a conceptual model for optimizing the activities of fulfillment centers is proposed. Additionally, practical recommendations for the development of this infrastructure in the conditions of Uzbekistan are developed

This article analyzes the stages of formation and development of the electronic procurement mechanism, as well as the economic, technological, and institutional factors influencing this process. The scientific approaches of foreign scholars are generalized, and the legal foundations of the electronic public procurement system in the Republic of Uzbekistan are examined within the framework of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. ZRU-684 dated April 22, 2021, “On Public Procurement.” Based on the results of the research, scientific and practical proposals for improving the electronic procurement mechanism have been developed

This article examines the benefits of developing public utility management, the importance of improving the quality of public utilities for ensuring public well-being, raising living standards, and providing high-quality services. It primarily highlights examples of government regulation of the public utilities sector and the importance of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, presidential decrees, and government resolutions in this area, which define the legal framework for services such as water supply, heat supply, gas and electricity, and waste disposal

This article examines the modeling of climate change-related financial risks in Uzbekistan. Based on official reports from the World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Central Bank of Uzbekistan, the country's vulnerability level to climate change is determined and the current state of climate risk management in the banking sector is assessed. The physical and transition components of climate risks and practical possibilities for their modeling using stress testing and Climate VaR methodologies are explored. Based on the research findings, scientific conclusions and practical recommendations for integrating climate risks into Uzbekistan's financial system and developing green finance are formulated

The article theoretically researches modern approaches to financing investments in the development of telecommunications infrastructure. In the study, the increasing strategic importance of telecommunication infrastructure in the digital economy, the high capital capacity of investment projects in this field, the long payback period, and the complexities in forming the financing structure are scientifically based

This article presents ways to reduce poverty through rapid development of the service sector. The poor are an economically active part of society, and by expanding their opportunities to participate in productive activities, they can also contribute to economic growth as workers or entrepreneurs

This article analyzes the relationship between poverty levels, government expenditures, and GDP per capita in Uzbekistan. The study applies trend analysis based on statistical data and conducts a comparative analysis with Central Asian countries. The results show that economic growth and socially oriented fiscal policy are important factors in reducing poverty. At the same time, it is found that the effectiveness of fiscal policy depends on the structure and allocation of government expenditures. The findings are important for developing effective economic policy measures aimed at poverty reduction

This article provides a systematic analysis of the economic essence of industrial enterprise competitiveness and the factors influencing it. Modern scientific approaches of foreign scholars are generalized, and the characteristics of the competitiveness concept at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels are examined. Based on official statistical data of Uzbekistan’s industry, the current state of competitiveness of domestic industrial enterprises is assessed, and internal and external factors affecting it are identified and grouped. As a result of the study, scientific and practical recommendations for enhancing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises are developed

The article examines the specific features of improving the audit system in the public sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan, its institutional and organizational foundations, and issues of increasing its effectiveness. It also theoretically substantiates the importance of auditing in strengthening public financial control, ensuring targeted and rational use of budget funds, and increasing transparency and accountability in the management of public assets

This article studies the issues of improving current asset accounting and financial stability analysis in economic entities of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on foreign experience. The main purpose of the study is to scientifically, theoretically and practically substantiate ways to increase the financial stability of enterprises through effective management of receivables, cash flows, finished product inventories and other working capital in the current assets structure. Recommendations have been developed to eliminate existing problems in the conditions of Uzbekistan based on international financial reporting standards (IFRS)

This article analyzes the loyalty and brand trust through applying digital marketing strategies and offering some improvements to get highly satisfied customer profile. This article also shows how educational centers are implementing digital marketing tools like SMM, Google Analytics and Ads to drive customer demand and increase their trust to the brand

The article investigates the issues of improving the accounting of ESG obligations (environmental, social, corporate governance) at ICT sector enterprises based on IFRS S1 «General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information» and IFRS S2 «Climate-related Disclosures» standards. The author has developed a refined model form that identifies 4 categories of ESG obligations specific to the ICT sector, as well as 6 structural components of ESG reporting. The model was tested on the example of JSC “Uzbektelecom”

This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of improving labor productivity in textile enterprises. The study examines the economic essence of labor productivity, the key factors influencing it, and issues related to the efficient organization of production processes. Furthermore, the paper substantiates the opportunities for increasing labor efficiency through the introduction of modern technologies, automation, improvement of employee qualifications, and the development of effective motivation systems. The economic impact of increasing labor productivity is also scientifically justified, particularly its role in reducing production costs, lowering product cost price, and increasing profit and profitability. Based on the research findings, practical recommendations aimed at enhancing efficiency in textile enterprises have been developed. These recommendations contribute to optimizing production processes, ensuring efficient use of resources, and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises

This article analyzes the methodological aspects of improving the structural composition of the entrepreneurship sector. Based on systemic, institutional, and innovative approaches, methods for assessing structural changes are highlighted. In addition, the importance of entrepreneurship diversification, digital transformation, and financial support mechanisms is substantiated. The results of the study have scientific and practical significance in ensuring sustainable economic growth and competitiveness of the economy

This article analyzes the issues of improving the mechanism for stimulating the development of the service sector through tax incentives. The study identifies existing problems in the service sector and develops scientifically grounded proposals to strengthen tax incentives in tourism, education, and digital services

The article examines the improvement of methodological support for auditing production costs at oil and gas processing enterprises. Particular attention is given to the assessment of risks of material misstatement, analysis of the internal control system, and application of International Standards on Auditing. A classification of risks related to production cost accounting is proposed, and a step-by-step approach to determining materiality is substantiated. The results are aimed at enhancing the reliability of financial reporting, improving audit procedures, and increasing the efficiency of cost management in industrial enterprises

This article examines cross‑country variation in business insolvency performance using the World Bank’s Business Ready (B‑READY) framework, with a focus on Uzbekistan’s position relative to OECD economies and members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). The results show that insolvency outcomes are driven primarily by institutional infrastructure, digitalization, and restructuring orientation rather than by the mere availability and strong foundation of insolvency legislation. The findings contribute to comparative insolvency theory by empirically demonstrating that effective insolvency systems are institutional, not legislative, achievements

This article analyzes the dynamics of labor resources, economic activity, unemployment, employment, the share of small business and private entrepreneurship in total employment, the number of employees with higher education, and self-employed persons in Uzbekistan based on statistical data for 2010-2024. The theoretical framework relies on human capital theory, the innovative role of entrepreneurship, institutional development of the labor market, and sustainable rural development concepts. The article reviews foreign experience from the European Union, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Japan, and China. The paper proposes measures for adapting foreign experience to Uzbekistan through cooperation, vocational education, microfinance, social protection, digitalization, and agro-entrepreneurship

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of e-commerce systems in the context of digital transformation. The study examines the role of e-commerce in the modern economy, its development trends, and the impact of digital technologies on this process. Also, the main factors that contribute to increasing the efficiency of e-commerce systems digital infrastructure, innovative technologies, marketing strategies, and legal frameworks are scientifically analyzed. The article provides a comparative analysis of the development processes of e-commerce at the global and national levels, and important conclusions are drawn based on the experience of developed and developing countries. The study reveals the impact of e-commerce on economic efficiency, employment levels, and the transformation of market relations

Driven by geopolitical reconfigurations, tourism investment in the Global South is shifting from volume-based expansion to risk-centric decision-making. This study synthesizes institutional theory, the resource-based view, and the Social License to Operate (SLO) to assess this transition. Leveraging panel data from 18 Belt and Road countries (2019–2024), we construct an assessment system across three dimensions: institutional quality, macroeconomic stability, and developmental maturity. Using the entropy weight method, we identify a distinct risk gradient: Africa exhibits the highest risk intensity, followed by Central Asia and Central and Eastern Europe, with Southeast Asia being the most stable. Exchange rate volatility and political instability emerge as primary systemic drivers, though Southeast Asia shows consistent risk abatement. Finally, we operationalize a "risk-capability-strategy" framework, proposing differentiated regional allocation strategies to navigate the Global South’s evolving investment landscape

This study comprehensively examines the institutional mechanisms that regulate, from an organizational and legal perspective, the preparation of qualified specialists by higher education institutions for the labor market. Based on the analysis, the factors influencing the employment level of graduates are identified, and practical recommendations for improving it are developed

The article identifies the shortcomings of the existing system of working accounts at fruit and vegetable processing enterprises, and substantiates the need to introduce a new system of working accounts adapted to industry characteristics on the basis of international experience and the regulatory framework of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The research is conducted on the data of three operating enterprises, and it is proven that the detailing of the accounts system significantly increases the transparency of financial information and the quality of management decisions

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of developing a management accounting system based on modern analytical methods in order to improve enterprise performance. The necessity of transforming management accounting from a traditional accounting system into a tool for analytical support of managerial decision-making is substantiated. The study employs general scientific and economic-statistical methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, and econometric modeling. A multiple regression model is proposed to assess the impact of the level of development of the management accounting system, the use of analytical methods, and the degree of digitalization of accounting processes on the integral indicator of enterprise performance. The research results demonstrate a stable positive relationship between the studied factors and performance, with modern analytical tools (KPI, factor analysis, and marginal analysis) having the greatest impact. Based on the findings, practical recommendations for improving the management accounting system have been developed, including the implementation of KPI systems, the development of analytical tools, and the integration of digital technologies. The application of the proposed approaches contributes to improving the quality of managerial decisions, optimizing costs, and ensuring sustainable enterprise development

This article analyzes the role and importance of tax incentives in ensuring the stability of tax policy, analyzes the benefits provided by the types of taxes currently in force in our country, and also studies their impact on budget revenues. Scientific and practical proposals and recommendations are presented to increase the effectiveness of tax incentives