Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Advanced Economy and Pedagogical Technologies

This article provides a comparative analysis of salam and istisna’ contracts. In particular, the comparative analysis examines the specific features of the contracts, their practical application and economic aspects. It also provides information on the structure and stages of financing public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects based on musharaka-istisna-ijara.

This sсiеntifiс аrtiсlе disсussеs thе issuеs оf sеrviсе sесtоr еffiсiеnсy in аn innоvаtivе есоnоmy. Thе sеrviсе sесtоr hаs bесоmе аn еssеntiаl раrt оf thе mоdеrn есоnоmy, аnd its еffесtivе dеvеlорmеnt dереnds оn thе intrоduсtiоn оf innоvаtivе tесhnоlоgiеs, inсrеаsеd соmреtitivеnеss, аnd еnsuring есоnоmiс stаbility. Thе аrtiсlе аnаlyzеs nеw аррrоасhеs tо thе sеrviсе sесtоr's dеvеlорmеnt in thе innоvаtivе есоnоmy, mоdеrn mеthоds оf еnhаnсing еffiсiеnсy, аnd thе сhаngеs оссurring in this fiеld. It аlsо еxаminеs thе соntributiоn оf thе sеrviсе sесtоr tо есоnоmiс grоwth, tесhnоlоgiсаl innоvаtiоns, аnd intеgrаtiоn with thе digitаl есоnоmy.

This article experimentally tested the changes in rowers' rowing technique by properly adjusting the footrest element of an academic rowing boat, and presented conclusions about the adjustment of elements of a number of boats.

Currently, the issues of improving the financial planning system, which is the main functional element of financial management, are widely studied all over the world. In particular, in the context of a global pandemic, targeted research is being conducted on the formation of a financial planning system capable of quickly adapting to changing conditions in foreign markets and its perfect model in combination with strategic plans. Also, one of the main functional elements of financial management is focused on improving the organizational architecture of financial diagnostics, which embodies a wide range of indicators for a comprehensive assessment of financial and economic activities of companies.

This article contains a study of scientific views on the economic category of costs, the composition of costs incurred in non-governmental educational organizations, issues of determining the composition of costs by classifying these costs into direct and indirect costs, as well as scientific proposals and recommendations on reflecting in accounting the costs incurred in the main and additional types of activities in a non-governmental educational organization.

This article discusses the role of the bank's credit policy in the allocation of its bank resources, the criteria for the credit policy of commercial banks and modern methods of managing problem loans. Also, the article specifically addresses the issues of the commercial bank's credit portfolio, its essence and formation.

This article covers large-scale reforms in the tax and financial sectors of our republic in recent years aimed at creating favorable conditions for conducting business activities in the country, improving the investment climate, and further strengthening the confidence of business circles. At the same time, such areas as illegal trade and catering, motor transport, housing construction, and repair, and the provision of residential services in the economy are studied, and scientific and practical conclusions and proposals are formulated on the basis of foreign experience and its application in our country.

This article discusses the role and importance of interregional tax inspection in improving large-scale reforms aimed at creating favorable conditions for conducting business activities in the tax sphere in the country and further strengthening the confidence of business circles. At the same time, some important reforms being implemented in the administration of large taxpayers with a state share in the tax system of Uzbekistan were studied, and scientific and practical conclusions and proposals were developed on the basis of foreign experience and its application in our country.

The article reflects on the current state of real estate valuation in Uzbekistan and its development prospects. In particular, the role of real estate valuation in the services market, a comparative description of scientific and theoretical approaches to property valuation, characteristics of real estate objects, classification of real estate markets, and mechanisms related to the regulation of valuation activities are considered.

This study thoroughly examined the process of women's adaption to digital revolution in Uzbekistan. The Gender Digital Gap Index was utilized to assess women's utilization of digital technologies in our country, their digital competencies, and the primary challenges encountered during the adaption to digital transformation. The study involved an in-depth examination of statistical data, comparative analysis, segmentation, and the experiences of foreign nations. The Gender Digital Gap Index methodology was examined, and the extent of women's utilization of information and communication technology was evaluated using the SPSS software. Consequently, evidence-based proposals and recommendations were formulated to expedite women's adaption to digital transformation, enhance their digital competencies, and mitigate the gender digital divide.

In today’s globalized world trade environment, the liberalization of foreign economic activity plays a key role in achieving sustainable economic growth and integrating the national economy into the global economic system. The use of smart contracts and other digital technologies optimizes foreign economic processes by reducing administrative barriers and mitigating risks. This study examines the advantages and challenges of implementing smart contracts and electronic invoices in foreign trade, highlighting their role in enhancing transparency, reducing costs, and building trust between trading partners.

The article analyzes the role of regulatory institutions in the ecosystem of the Islamic capital market and their contribution to the sustainable development of the market. The Islamic capital market is a significant component of the global financial system, ensuring economic stability through offering financial instruments such as sukuk, Islamic stocks, and others. The article highlights the importance of Shariah supervisory boards, international standard-setting organizations such as AAOIFI and IFSB, and other regulatory institutions.

In recent years, countries around the world, when developing short- and long-term budget and tax policy strategies, have been paying special attention to the introduction of various mechanisms to prevent and reduce tax evasion by taxpayers. At the same time, areas have been studied, foreign experience has been studied, and scientific and practical conclusions and proposals have been formulated on its application in our country.

This article describes large-scale reforms aimed at creating favorable conditions for doing business in the tax and financial sectors, improving the investment climate, and further strengthening the confidence of business circles in our republic in recent years. At the same time, such areas as underground trade and public catering, road transport, housing construction and repair, and the provision of personal services were studied, and scientific and practical conclusions and proposals were formed on foreign experience and its application in our country.

This article examines the impact of “Islamic windows” a key segment of the alternative finance market, on the financial sectors of various countries. The study explores the concept of “Islamic windows” their economic efficiency within traditional banks, their role in enhancing financial inclusion, and their capacity to meet market demand by offering services compliant with Sharia principles. The paper also analyzes the effect of this mechanism on banking sector stability and the attraction of foreign investments in developing countries. Combining empirical findings and theoretical approaches, the article highlights the prospects of “Islamic windows” in the global financial market.

In this article, we will consider the formation of expenses and income in commercial banks, development of its general indicators taking into account banking activity, accounting and analysis of expenses and income in banks on the example of JSICB "Ipak Yuli" bank.

The insurance market of Uzbekistan faces several problems and shortcomings that are among the main reasons for the reduced efficiency of this sector of the economy. This article is aimed at studying the existing deficiencies in the insurance services system and developing recommendations for their resolution. It analyzes issues such as the underdevelopment of insurance services, a regulatory and legal framework that does not meet international standards, and several other challenges. Additionally, practical proposals are presented to increase public trust in insurance, implement innovative technologies, and adopt foreign experience. The article highlights pressing issues aimed at developing the insurance sector.

The article aims to analyze the use of tax privileges by business entities in our country. Within the framework of the topic, studies of foreign scientists were studied, scientific research was conducted within their framework, and the author's conclusions and proposals were formed.

This article analyzes the current state of the financial markets of Turkey and the UAE, countries with dualistic financial systems. In particular, the article conducts a comparative analysis of the Islamic and conventional financial systems of Turkey and the UAE (United Arab Emirates), examining the state of participation of Islamic finance in the general financial market, the comparative state of participation of Islamic capital market, Islamic insurance market and Islamic investment funds in the financial market.

The article highlights theoretical issues of creative accounting. The scientific works of economists on creative accounting are analyzed and appropriate conclusions are drawn.

The article discusses the needs for the implementation of a digitized model of tax administration, the expected results in this process, as well as the problems that may arise when implementing a new model and ways to overcome them.

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of tax audit measures on the budget system, analysis of their effectiveness, and development prospects. The article discusses the main goals and objectives of tax audits, and their positive and negative consequences for the budget. Particular attention is paid to the impact of tax audits on increasing tax revenues, improving tax discipline, and combating the shadow economy. The article also discusses problems associated with high administrative costs, possible negative impacts on the business climate, and risks arising from ineffective inspections. Current trends in the field of tax control are analyzed, including process automation and the use of big data analytics technologies. In conclusion, key areas for improving the tax audit system are highlighted, such as digitalization, improving the qualifications of tax inspectors, and creating a more transparent system of interaction with taxpayers. The article provides recommendations for optimizing tax audits in order to increase their efficiency and the sustainability of the budget system.

The article examines the relationship between banks and the stock market, the role of banks as investors in the stock market, as well as methods of raising capital and managing risks in the stock market. The specific features of banks' activities in the stock market and theoretical approaches to this process are studied in detail.

This research examines ways to improve asset performance through bank transformation processes. Banks need to implement transformation processes in order to adapt to economic changes and maintain their competitiveness. The study analyzes the relationship between transformation processes of banks, their efficiency and financial indicators.

This study examines the prospects of automating data collection, analysis, and systematization processes in human resource management. The research analyzes modern approaches to human resource management, the importance of automated systems, and their impact on organizational efficiency.

This study explores ways to improve the investment activities of commercial banks. The research identifies key directions, including portfolio diversification, the introduction of innovative financial products, entry into international financial markets, participation in public-private partnership projects, and the development of risk management systems.

The article presents the problems and situations in which loans and their interest rates are provided by commercial banks of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the income of the population. The essence of the current legal acts on loans and the current content is revealed.

This article analyzes the performance of Uzbek banks during 2013-2023, focusing on the impact of credit and liquidity risks on financial stability. The results show that an increase in credit risks is a key factor reducing financial stability. Moreover, banks with higher liquid assets are found to be more stable. The study provides scientific foundations and practical recommendations for improving risk management systems in banks.

Ensuring the stability of the banking system, being an important factor in ensuring their solvency, is a necessary condition for ensuring the continuity of payments made in the country's economy. Therefore, ensuring the stability of the banking system is one of the main tasks of banking supervision. The article identifies urgent problems related to ensuring the stability of the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and develops scientific proposals aimed at solving them.

This article discusses persuasive communication, its importance and application in advertising. In particular, the concepts of persuasion and persuasive communication are studied based on existing scientific sources. In expressing the concept of persuasive communication and its process, the general communication process model, its main elements and components are considered separately. Also, within the framework of persuasive communication, learning, dissonance-attribute, and low-involvement hierarchies are covered from the perspective of their application in advertising.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its implementation through various models in global business. The main CSR models used in Europe, the USA, Great Britain, Japan and Canada are considered, each of which has its own unique features reflecting cultural, economic and political conditions. In addition, the article emphasizes that in crisis situations, CSR becomes an important mechanism that connects business, society and nature. At such moments, social responsibility becomes not only a tool for adaptation and survival, but also a basis for further development.

The article analyzes the objective necessity of taxing enterprises for the use of subsoil resources, its economic significance, and methodological foundations. Tax policy in the process of utilizing underground resources serves as a crucial tool for forming state budget revenues, ensuring the efficient use of natural resources, and maintaining environmental sustainability. Additionally, the article examines international experience and proposes effective models for Uzbekistan.

The economic stability of the enterprises of the existing textile industry depends on the resources that are directly or indirectly involved in production processes, and are also considered one of the main organizing factors of activity. This article is aimed at studying the structure of economic resources that ensure economic stability in an enterprise, covering the sphere of influence of each resource in relation to economic processes.

This article analyzes the reforms being implemented in the banking system of Uzbekistan, strategies for ensuring financial stability and attracting resources. It is shown that the country's economic stability should be increased through modernization of the banking system, new financial instruments and innovative approaches. The article discusses the main problems of the banking system of Uzbekistan, modern methods for their elimination, as well as opportunities for attracting resources based on international experience and their significance for the country's economy. At the same time, it recommends ways to increase the efficiency of banks and financial institutions through reforms and have a positive impact on the state economy.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the changes occurring as a result of the digital transformation of the insurance industry, as well as an analysis of the factors of competitiveness of companies in the context of digitalization of the industry.

The article highlights the reduction in the personal participation of citizens in the national system of public services in the “mahalla” system based on the principles of “3 steps”, “adapted for the user” determining the demand for public services.  Defining requirements for the provision of public services, setting standards, forming a list of public services, highlights the organizational and economic mechanism that allows establishing methods for the provision of public services, and the process of organizing the provision of public services in the “mahalla” system. Proposed based on the organizational and economic mechanism, the main directions of the provision of public services in the “mahalla”.

The article reveals the essence and content of venture capital, its theoretical foundations, as well as the contribution of Western, Russian and Uzbek scientists to the development of venture capital theory.

The article examines the issue of improving the economic mechanisms for the implementation of the development strategy aimed at ensuring adaptability to market changes of textile industry enterprises.

In the article, taking into account the distinguishing features of sewing-knitting production, the issues of competence development of employees of these enterprises are studied based on a process approach.

The article analyzes the classification of cross-industry products offered by insurance companies in the insurance market, their advantages and specific positive aspects of implementation, as well as implementation problems.

This article focuses on analyzing the return on equity (ROE) indicator as a key measure of the efficiency of commercial banks in Uzbekistan. The study examines differences in ROE across four types of bank ownership structures for the period 1999-2023. The findings indicate that banks with indirect state ownership had the highest average ROE, whereas those with direct state ownership showed the lowest capital profitability. Private banks exhibited high volatility, suggesting a higher risk profile in their operations. Meanwhile, foreign banks demonstrated a stable level of capital efficiency, with an improving trend in recent years. This research provides insights into policies and strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of commercial banks in Uzbekistan.

In this article, the innovative factors of shaping the activities of tourist complexes in order to effectively use the potential of the territory for the rapid development of the sphere of health-improving tourism in the regions are thoroughly studied.

This article analyzes the main features, development factors and prospects of the green economy. Global trends in the transition to a green economy, its impact on the environment and economic stability have been considered. Particular attention is paid to the measures and promising directions implemented in Uzbekistan for the development of the green economy. Based on the results of the analysis, priorities and recommendations for the development of the green economy have been developed.

This article presents the investment policy implemented in our republic, the system for attracting international investments, the conditions created for them, a statistical analysis of absorbed and unabsorbed investments in the economy, and practical proposals and recommendations for eliminating problems and shortcomings in the field.

Tourism is one of the most profitable and rapidly growing sectors of the global economy. Its significant role not only in the economies of individual countries but also in the development of regions as a whole makes the improvement of management processes in this field highly relevant. The key characteristic of tourism, unlike production, is the prevention of resource depletion through effective management. This article examines international experience in managing tourism resources and enhancing mechanisms for efficient management, analyzes key factors, and provides practical recommendations for applying foreign experience in Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes the main areas of effective use and management of natural resources in the economy. Based on scientific analysis, the economic and environmental importance of rational use of resources is studied, as well as effective management mechanisms based on international experiences. In practice, practical recommendations have been made for the introduction of resource-saving technologies, the expansion of renewable energy sources, the strengthening of environmental policies and the development of international cooperation. The importance of innovative approaches and public policy in the management of the use of natural resources in the economy is covered on a scientific basis.

The economic substance of the economyʼs primary indicators, inflation, and unemployment, as well as the dynamic indicators of these economic categories, have been investigated using economic-statistical methodologies. An econometric model was built after examining the quantitative relationship between inflation and unemployment. Modeling the impact of unemployment on inflation changes yielded predicted indicators for these variables in the coming years. 

The development of production and the economic sustainability of a company are intrinsically linked to its workforce. Manufacturing processes, for the most part, rely on human labor. Every task performed is ultimately a product of human effort, and the efficiency of that effort directly reflects in the company’s economic performance indicators. This article explores the critical connection between workforce management and economic sustainability, covering key aspects of personnel policy, including the formation of a healthy and capable team, the composition and qualifications of personnel based on demographic factors, and their strategic placement within the production process. It highlights the importance of timely adaptation to changes in production and working conditions, alongside the integration of scientific and technological advancements, and the promotion of novel production techniques. Furthermore, the article provides a case study analyzing the current state of workforce utilization within a specific economic entity, culminating in actionable recommendations aimed at optimizing employee contributions, especially their intellectual and physical potential.

The rapid advancement of innovative technologies is providing opportunities to organize the processes of training, retraining, and upskilling personnel with novel approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI), considered one of the most effective technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is fundamentally transforming educational management practices. Particularly, such technologies enable personalized learning tailored to individual needs, offering solutions that meet learners’ requirements on an individual basis. This article analyzes the advanced experiences of foreign countries in continuously developing managerial competencies through adaptive, mass, and electronic education systems, including the use of AI technologies. The research findings highlight the need for digital transformation in the process of developing competencies of managerial personnel working in public service in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It discusses the integration of AI tools into this system, the potential for digital governance, and its economic efficiencies.

This article discusses the importance of developing critical thinking and intercultural competence when studying English in higher education. According to the author, current EFL (English as a Foreign Language) textbooks often present cultural knowledge in the form of static facts, and this in turn limits analytical activity and traditional teaching methods hinder the development of necessary skills. The study emphasizes the need to revise textbooks, improve teacher training, and introduce alternative assessment methods to develop deeper intercultural understanding and critical discourse.

Improvement of lease accounting in lessee enterprises on the basis of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) serves to increase financial transparency, clear reflection of assets and liabilities, and increase investment attractiveness. On the basis of IFRS 16 "Lease" standard, the correct reflection of leasing obligations in the balance sheet and the realistic reflection of the financial situation of enterprises were considered.

This scientific article discusses the concept of tax policy and its importance as an important component of state policy. The concept of investment climate attractiveness and the internal and external factors influencing it are considered. Tax policy is one of the main factors of investment attractiveness. The article studies theoretical approaches to the relationship between tax policy and the investment climate.

This article discusses important aspects of taxation of personal income. The article examines scientific approaches to the personal income tax system. The analysis of the population's income structure and the impact of taxation is conducted. Based on the analysis, appropriate conclusions are drawn on the taxation of personal income.

The article analyzes the means of influencing stakeholders in the development of the insurance industry, their interests, the impact of internal and external factors on the companyʼs sustainability, as well as its ability to respond to changes, the general system of stakeholders and their areas of interest, as well as problems associated with them.

The article explores innovations in education, their impact on the learning process, and the role of ICT and active teaching methods. It highlights the importance of fostering children's confidence and transitioning from authoritarian pedagogy to a collaborative model. The study also examines media effect theories that influence information perception.

The article analyzes the relevance and development of travel insurance in the context of modern technologies. Key trends in the insurance industry were analyzed, such as digitalization of processes, the use of artificial intelligence to personalize insurance products, the introduction of blockchain technologies to improve the security and transparency of transactions. The main focus is on the use of new technologies to improve customer service, reduce costs and increase the convenience of insurance products for tourists.

The article analyzes key aspects of the green economy in Uzbekistan, including natural potential, current initiatives, and obstacles that need to be overcome for the successful implementation of this model. Green economy, based on sustainable development and efficient use of natural resources, is becoming an important area of economic policy in many countries.

The article discusses the issues of accounting for real estate objects. The use of international financial reporting standards in organizing accounting for real estate objects is shown.

This article explores the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) principles in higher education institutions. TQM is a management philosophy emphasizing continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement. The study analyzes the implementation of TQM in the higher education system, its benefits, and the challenges encountered. The findings, based on a case study approach, indicate that when effectively implemented, TQM principles can significantly enhance the quality of education and institutional management. However, successful implementation requires strong leadership, cultural change, and stakeholder engagement.

This article focuses on the classification of current obligations and the principles of their accounting, and it is emphasized the need to increase the reliability of financial information by ensuring the accurate and correct calculation of obligations and their reflection in financial reports. Modern methods used in the calculation of current liabilities and their importance are analyzed, ways to simplify these processes and, as a result, to improve financial analysis are considered.

Currently, plastic card technology is rapidly developing in developing countries, including Uzbekistan. A number of regulatory and legal acts have been adopted to improve the use of plastic cards and widely introduce a cashless payment system.

The article examines the problems of organizing customs management when implementing digital customs services. The main goals of digitalization of customs authorities are set out in the adopted regulatory documents on optimizing business processes, increasing the collection of customs payments, combating the shadow economy and minimizing risks. The factors influencing the digitalization of customs activities and the level of digitalization are considered. Scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for eliminating problems in the organization of customs management when organizing the provision of digital customs services are also developed.