Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): Economic Development and Analysis

This article analyzes the economic, legal, and methodological foundations of the business entity stability rating system developed under Uzbekistan’s regulatory framework. The rating indicators are reviewed in comparison with international practices and evaluated in the context of digital fiscal governance and tax discipline. Practical challenges in the system are identified, and improvement recommendations are proposed. The study provides theoretical insights and policy suggestions aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of fiscal reforms in Uzbekistan.

This article examines approaches to optimizing capital requirements for insurance companies in Uzbekistan. It analyzes existing regulatory frameworks and international standards, including Solvency II. The study explores risks associated with insufficient capitalization and proposes measures to improve capital and reserve management mechanisms. The research aims to adapt advanced regulatory practices to the national insurance market, ensuring its sustainable development.

This article is dedicated to the issues of tax debt collection. The author analyzes the dynamics and structure of tax debt and presents relevant concepts and materials related to tax debt. The article includes a number of specific proposals for improving the tax debt collection mechanism.

This article discusses ways to improve the efficiency of services provided, the concept of bank liquidity, and the history and prospects of its development based on foreign experience of increasing the liquidity of commercial banks during the transformation process. It also presents existing problems in enhancing banking operations based on introducing foreign experience, as well as the author's recommendations and suggestions for solving them.

The article focuses on the assessment of the level of development of agriculture and the factors affecting the development of the sector, as well as the results achieved and future development in agriculture through the wide use of existing opportunities, and the issues of strengthening food security through the implementation of scientific and innovative projects in the agricultural sector are highlighted. In particular, attention is paid to the problems of ensuring food stability and strengthening the country's food security through the introduction of digital technologies and "smart agriculture".

In the last decade, the methods of doing business have changed radically. The main reason for this drastic change is the emergence of new technologies and their harmonization with Internet services. This research explores how digital technologies are currently being used by companies. In particular, it is analyzed how digital transformation changes traditional value generation processes that are carried out with the main participation of marketing. The article explores the impact of digital transformation on traditional marketing, including its role, structure, and tools, and focuses on the technologies used in the process by studying the technologies for the implementation of the e-commerce system in enterprises. A comparative analysis of the annual revenues of the world's largest e-commerce companies reveals their economic impact, and also shows the innovative practices that the technological advances of these companies have led to their success. The study also explores the important role of digital technology in e-commerce from a broad strategic perspective. In addition, information was provided on companies engaged in large e-commerce activities in Uzbekistan, and the development and application of e-commerce technologies in the region was presented. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of global and regional e-commerce trends, as well as the technological factors that shape this rapidly developing industry

Within the framework of the “Uzbekistan – 2030” and “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” strategies adopted in New Uzbekistan, as well as at the new stage of economic reforms, special importance is given to improving the activities of appraisal organizations and enhancing the quality and efficiency of the services they provide. This article explores the issues of fostering fair and healthy competition in the valuation services market through the assessment of appraisers’ ratings and the determination of their rankings. The rating system offers opportunities to ensure transparency, strengthen customer trust, improve service quality, and increase overall competitiveness. Based on the analysis of international experience, the article discusses effective approaches that can be introduced into national practice, criteria for appraiser ranking, evaluation methods, and their outcomes. The article also presents proposals and recommendations for addressing potential challenges that may arise during the implementation of such a system.

The article is devoted to the study of the process of international migration, its impact on geographical features and qualitative component. However, negative demographic trends in developed countries (fertility, unemployment, unemployment) have led to the fact that millions of them have become numbered, and migration has led to the depletion of labor resources.

The article analyzes Uzbekistan's export potential and prospects for developing the fruit and vegetable sector based on statistical data. The article also demonstrates the advantages of the agro-cluster system in the effective development of the fruit and vegetable sector.

This scientific article analyzes the methodological approaches used to use entrepreneurial activity in the process of increasing the well-being of the population on the example of Uzbekistan. In particular, the impact of small business on the well-being of the population is assessed based on various economic indicators and criteria, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used are revealed, and proposals for their improvement are developed.

The article discusses the features of improving the audit of expenditures in the public sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan and theoretical issues of using international experience.

This article analyzes the strategic directions for the development of trade services. In the modern economic environment, trade services play a crucial role not only in ensuring economic growth but also in shaping innovative business models. The research examines the key aspects of trade services, their economic efficiency, and future development prospects. Additionally, recommendations for modernizing trade services in Uzbekistan are proposed

The purpose of the study is to consider the healthcare system and the medical services sector, which is an urgent issue in implementing the country's socio-economic development strategies, using the example of the Samarkand region. This article provides a systematic analysis of the medical services sector, which has become an important factor in improving the well-being of the population and the consistent development of the economy in New Uzbekistan, and its development opportunities.

The article analyzes the rating systems introduced in our Republic in various areas. It also identifies the specific features of rating systems and reflects their features in determining the customs rating of foreign trade activities of business entities. It also touches upon the principles that should be taken into account when implementing the rating system, and lists important principles. In addition, attention is paid to the importance of using digital technologies and integrating them with other relevant organizations in calculating rating points, and relevant proposals and recommendations are developed.

The proposed methodology for improving freight delivery enables the calculation of all types of shipments and reduces delivery time. It defines the decision-making process during the execution of various operations at stations. A model based on mathematical modeling of the technological process dependency is proposed for making effective decisions. To verify the methodology for standardizing transportation duration, it is necessary to organize the process considering the delay of each technological operation. The main reason for applying standards is to accelerate cargo delivery and ensure the proper distribution of penalties among railways for late delivery. In turn, this will help develop contractual relationships with clients and improve the overall system.

This article examines contemporary trends in the design of multifunctional residential complexes, reflecting changes in urban environment requirements and social needs. The historical stages of the evolution of multifunctional residential complexes are analyzed, from ancient civilizations to modern concepts of sustainable development. Special attention is given to key aspects such as flexibility and adaptability of spaces, environmental sustainability, integration of high technologies, as well as social and community integration. The article also highlights additional trends such as polycentricity, autonomy, regulation of boundaries, intensification of courtyard spaces, and the concept of openness and transparency. It is concluded that modern multifunctional residential complexes aim to create a sustainable, comfortable urban environment capable of adapting to changes and meeting the needs of the population.

The article examines the innovative activity of industrial enterprises using foreign experience in financial incentives. The experience of various foreign countries on this issue is studied and the possibilities of their use in industrial enterprises are identified and assessed. Proposals are developed on the use of foreign experience in financial incentives for innovative activity.

Improving the sales management system based on the analysis of marketing technologies is one of the important processes that have found its place in the modern business environment. Each company needs to develop effective strategies to successfully market its products or services. When developing such strategies, the analysis and use of marketing Technologies is important. This article provides information on the impact of marketing technologies on the sales management system, how to analyze them and how to implement their results.

This article discusses the «green» economy and the Paris Agreement, as well as the process of transition of coal enterprises of our country to it based on the requirements of the agreement, the efforts taken in this direction, as well as the achievements of Uzbekistan in this area and future cooperation. The article analyzes the relationship between climate change and sustainable development, the economic and environmental significance of the “green” economy from the point of view of the requirements of the Paris Agreement, and also considers ways of introducing the “green” economy into the management of coal enterprises in the context of the Paris Agreement. Studying modern foreign experience, proposals are made on the formation of a «green» economy with the help of JSC "Uzbekkumir" and contributing to the economy of our country.

This article examines the relationship of the household sector with economic events and processes, as well as its influence on the socio-economic development of the country. It reviews key theories, such as the life cycle theory (Modigliani) and the permanent income hypothesis (Friedman), that explain the saving and consumption behavior of households. It analyzes factors influencing the saving rate, including demographic changes, economic growth, income uncertainty, and interest rates. Particular attention is paid to the role of pension savings, inheritance, and public policy in shaping household financial decisions. The article also touches upon the functioning of the stock market and its interaction with households, as well as the impact of technological and social changes on the saving rate. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of taking into account the historical context and contemporary economic conditions in understanding the dynamics of saving and its role in economic development.

The article studies the impact of human capital on the economic development of the country. It is shown that investments in human capital, attention to education and healthcare, as well as reforms implemented by the state, are a reliable way to increase the income of the population. The study also analyzed the changes in total per capita income in each region. At the end of the article, the impact of human capital development on macroeconomic indicators such as population income, unemployment, inflation in the country is expressed, and proposals and recommendations are given for the development of human capital

This article provides forecasts for global and domestic economic growth, inflation, employment, investment, and other macroeconomic developments. This article analyzes the expected economic developments in 2025, including forecasts and analyses made by economists. It also considers how economic policy, world trade, and technological innovations are expected to affect economic development. The article provides economic analysis and views on global crises, sustainable growth strategies, job creation, and ways to ensure economic stability. The macroeconomic forecasts for 2025 discuss interstate cooperation, the renewal of the global economy, and the economic impact of new technologies.

This аrticlе prоvidеs а sciеntific аnаlysis оf thе оrgаnizаtiоnаl mеchаnisms fоr stаbilizing thе sеаsоnаlity оf tоurist flоw in Uzbеkistаn. Sеаsоnаlity in tоurism hаs bееn cоnsidеrеd аs а fаctоr lеаding tо thе unеvеn distributiоn оf dеmаnd fоr tоurist sеrvicеs thrоughоut thе yеаr, infrаstructurе lоаd, timеlеssnеss оf lаbоr rеsоurcеs аnd а dеcrеаsе in еcоnоmic еfficiеncy. Thе viеws оf intеrnаtiоnаl аnd Nаtiоnаl sciеntists оn sеаsоnаlity hаvе bееn cоmpаrаtivе аnаlyzеd аnd prаcticаl prоpоsаls in оrgаnizаtiоnаl, еcоnоmic аnd mаrkеting dirеctiоns tо еliminаtе ехisting prоblеms, including оn а sciеntific bаsis thе fаct thаt mitigаtiоn оf thе sеаsоnаlity prоblеm shоuld bе cаrriеd оut nоt оnly thrоugh individuаl mеаsurеs, but аlsо thrоugh аn intеgrаtеd strаtеgic аpprоаch

The article discusses the development of new approaches and methods, the use of modern forms of service provision and the features of existing factors that ensure the effective development of digital transformation, as well as increasing customer satisfaction in the field of restaurant services. The important aspects of increasing customer satisfaction, improving restaurant service and the service landscape based on digital transformation using product, technological and managerial innovations are revealed.

IFRS S1 International Financial Reporting Standards establishes general requirements for disclosing information about sustainability-related risks and opportunities. The primary goal of this standard is to help organizations provide accurate and transparent information about sustainability-related risks and opportunities. IFRS S1 ensures the disclosure of important information about sustainability-related risks and opportunities through financial reports, which assists users in making investment decisions. The standard requires the disclosure of sustainability-related information in a unified format in financial reports, which enhances the comparability and clarity of global financial reporting. This standard aims to optimize financial management and contribute to the long-term sustainable development of organizations.This article discusses the processes of reflecting sustainability-related risks and opportunities in financial reports.

This article analyzes the impact of financial technologies (FinTech) on the development of Uzbekistan’s financial system. It is argued that FinTech projects serve as an essential tool for improving financial inclusion, enhancing service efficiency, and boosting economic productivity through digital payments, mobile banking, and microcredit services. The discussion is based on statistical data, international practices, and national legislation, highlighting the future potential of FinTech in the country.

This article examines the importance and methods of improving the corporate governance system based on international standards, as well as what benefits this process can bring to organizations. Information is provided on modern approaches to corporate governance, globally accepted standards, as well as the importance of their application in the creation of an effective and transparent management system of corporations. The article discusses ways to improve the activities of organizations and ensure their long-term stability using systematic and integrative approaches to management, taking into account international experience and advanced practices. At the same time, in changing economic conditions, the strategic importance of implementing responsible and effective management systems is widely covered.

The present study investigates the transformative impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, encapsulated in the "Industry 4.0" framework, on the socio-economic systems of G7 countries, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, drawing on contemporary scientific evidence. It explores how the integration of digital technologies—such as Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cyber-physical systems—reshapes industrial production, enhances resource efficiency, and fosters sustainable development, while simultaneously posing social and institutional challenges. The research employs a systemic analysis and comparative approach, highlighting the differential adoption of smart technologies like Smart Grid in Russia and IoT-driven agricultural advancements in Uzbekistan, alongside G7 leadership in automation. Findings reveal that while Industry 4.0 drives economic growth and environmental benefits, it also exacerbates labor market disruptions and resource demands, necessitating robust institutional reforms and a "Just Transition" framework. This comparative analysis underscores the need for tailored strategies to balance technological progress with social equity across diverse economic contexts.

It is vital to establish trustworthy forecasting methodologies in order to predict and assess a country's energy consumption ahead of time. This enables economists to better track and analyze consumers' energy needs. To that purpose, this study was done to establish the Republic of Uzbekistan's long-term energy consumption forecast using data on energy consumption volume acquired between 1985 and 2023. The forecasting procedure used the econometric ARIMA model. The Box-Jenkins approach was used to determine the optimal ARIMA order. According to the findings, the ARIMA (0,1,3) model was shown to be the most accurate. Based on this model, the entire predicted results had an average percentage inaccuracy of 7.2 percent. It was discovered that ARIMA is the most effective model for making long-term strategic decisions about energy consumption.

This аrtiсlе ехplоrеs thеоrеtiсаl fоundаtiоns in thе fiеld оf rеаl еstаtе mаnаgеmеnt, ехisting prоblеms аnd prасtiсаl prоpоsаls fоr thеir sоlutiоn. Bаsеd оn thе аnаlysis оf sсiеntifiс sоurсеs, thе lеgаl, есоnоmiс аnd infоrmаtiоnаl аspесts оf mаnаgеmеnt wеrе thоrоughly аnаlyzеd, thе соnсеpts оf rеаl еstаtе, соmmеrсiаl rеаl еstаtе, rеаl еstаtе mаnаgеmеnt аnd thе оrgаnizаtiоn оf thе mоst еffесtivе prоpеrty mаnаgеmеnt wеrе idеntifiеd. А mесhаnism fоr mаnаging соmmеrсiаl rеаl еstаtе hаs bееn fоrmеd, invеstmеnt vаluаtiоn rulеs hаvе bееn prоpоsеd, аnd rесоmmеndаtiоns hаvе bееn dеvеlоpеd fоr thе implеmеntаtiоn оf thе prоpоsеd mесhаnism fоr оwnеrs аnd mаnаgеrs оf соmmеrсiаl rеаl еstаtе. In thе mаnаgеmеnt оf rеаl еstаtе, thе mаin shоrtсоmings аnd mistаkеs mаdе аt diffеrеnt stаgеs оf its dеvеlоpmеnt wеrе idеntifiеd.

This article explores the modernization of accounting based on digital technologies. Innovations in the field of accounting are primarily aimed at the implementation of digital systems and increasing the efficiency of automated processes. The study analyzes the key challenges and opportunities involved in the digital transformation of accounting. Special attention is paid to digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain, which contribute to enhancing the efficiency of accounting practices, reducing errors, and saving time. The paper also thoroughly examines the challenges that arise during the digital revolution in accounting, including technological barriers, the shortage of qualified specialists, and issues related to system interoperability. At the same time, the potential of new technologies, innovative solutions, future prospects, and the requirements for modernizing accounting systems are discussed in detail. The findings of the study are particularly focused on a comprehensive analysis of the changes occurring during the integration of accounting with digital systems and on providing scientific and practical recommendations.

This article covers the essence of state debt, its types, financial sources, the differences between foreign investment and state external debt. The article also describes in what cases and for what purposes the state resorts to debt obligations. The article analyzes the economic and financial situation of the debts received by Uzbekistan, and indicates from which countries and foreign financial institutions the amount of debt was received. It also provides a statistical analysis of the sectors and areas to which debt obligations received by Uzbekistan are directed.

This article discusses the need to harmonize accounting in the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of international financial reporting standards and thereby enter the world market with accurate and reliable information, maintain accounting for liabilities and improve it on the basis of international standards, as well as the fact that the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures for the transition to international financial reporting standards" No. PQ-4611 dated February 24, 2020 was an important basis for the development of IFRS in our country.

The article explores the risks associated with the use of digital platforms and their impact on the economy, security, and social life. It analyzes the differences in the development of the digital economy between developed and developing countries, as well as the challenges of measuring it statistically. Furthermore, the article provides a detailed overview of risks related to digital platforms – from social environment threats to financial fraud, cybercrimes, psychological impacts, and algorithmic manipulations. Specific measures for developing e-commerce in Uzbekistan, existing obstacles, and international experience are also discussed. Real-life examples of common types of internet fraud are presented to raise public awareness and digital literacy.

This article considers the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of innovative activities at telecommunications enterprises in Uzbekistan. The main indicators taken into account in the methodology are the level of innovation activity, economic and social results from innovation. The methodology will assess the effectiveness of innovation activities and determine the directions for further improvement.

Investment loans of commercial banks are the most important source of long-term financial resources for industrial enterprises, which are considered the main branch of the economy, and are a necessary condition for the progressive and innovative development of the economy. This article proposes to introduce effective lending for investment projects into the lending activities of banks. Also, based on the study of factors influencing the investment policy of banks, relevant scientific conclusions and proposals have been developed.

This article analyzes the methods of assessing the quality of institutions in the education system of Uzbekistan, digitalization processes and their interrelationships. At the same time, existing problems, opportunities for improvement through digital technologies and recommendations based on international experience are given.

The scientific article scientifically substantiates some of the problems that arise in the process of implementing the information system, the technology for implementing electricity metering and control in Uzbekenergo, the traditional structure of ICT, the formation of a digital economy, the structural structure of future ICT units and the implementation and operation of corporate information systems, a number of shortcomings in the organization of these systems, as well as the principles of the entire world community in this area for the successful implementation of the digitalization program.

The article examines the tourism potential of the region, its current state, problems and innovative ways to solve them. Recommendations for the development of tourism are given based on foreign experience and the latest statistical data. It is emphasized that the tourism potential of Navoi region can be further developed through innovative approaches such as smart tourism, ecotourism, and cultural tourism.

This аrticlе аnаlyzеs thе thеоrеticаl fоundаtiоns аnd prаcticаl mеchаnisms fоr thе еffеctivе mаnаgеmеnt оf trаnspоrt infrаstructurе in thе prоcеss оf dеvеlоping dоmеstic tоurism аctivitiеs in Uzbеkistаn. Аftеr аll, dоmеstic tоurism is impоrtаnt nоt оnly аs а culturаl аnd еducаtiоnаl оppоrtunity fоr thе pоpulаtiоn, but аlsо аs а fаctоr sеrving tеrritоriаl еcоnоmic dеvеlоpmеnt, jоb crеаtiоn аnd sоciаl stаbility. Prоpоsаls аnd rеcоmmеndаtiоns hаvе аlsо bееn dеvеlоpеd fоr clustеr plаnning оf trаnspоrt infrаstructurе, thе intrоductiоn оf thе cоncеpt оf “Tоurism-аdаptеd trаnspоrt”, strеngthеning public-privаtе pаrtnеrship аnd thе intrоductiоn оf digitаl mаnаgеmеnt plаtfоrms.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the state of the modern insurance market of Uzbekistan, which is characterized by the growth of the volume of operations, emergence of new directions of insurance activity, aggravation of competition and strengthening of the role of insurance regulator to the situation in the market. It considers the results of the insurance market for the last 4 years, including its main financial indicators and changes in the composition of the main market participants, the policy pursued by the government aimed at raising the insurance market to a new qualitative level and new prospects of development in the conditions of sustainable economic growth of the country.

This article proposes the strategic openness index (SOI) as a new metric aimed at evaluating and improving the quality of strategic decision-making in joint-stock companies. The index is built on three fundamental pillars – transparency, accountability, and stakeholder participation. Based on international experience and empirical research in the context of Uzbekistan, it is shown that companies with higher SOI scores demonstrate improved capital valuation (Tobin’s Q), reduced strategic risks, and increased investor confidence. This approach advances the governance and performance paradigm by shifting focus from formal outcomes to the openness and inclusivity of decision-making processes.

This article examines staff training and development as a key factor in improving the efficiency of the Customs Clearance Center, established through the reform of merging remote electronic declaration posts. The study analyzes organizational challenges related to uneven task distribution, lack of transparency in performance evaluation, and a weak onboarding system for new employees. Methodological approaches are presented, and the necessity of introducing digital tools and elements of process management is substantiated. The research results confirm that human capital development is a systemic factor in enhancing the Center’s efficiency and forming an intelligent customs administration model.

The implementation of sustainable development strategies in enterprises is increasingly recognized as a critical factor for long-term viability and competitiveness in today’s global economy. This research explores the integration of environmental, social, and economic dimensions into corporate strategies, emphasizing the necessity for businesses to adopt practices that minimize ecological footprints while maximizing social equity and economic performance. By analyzing case studies from various industries, the study identifies best practices and innovative approaches that facilitate the transition towards sustainability. Key components include stakeholder engagement, resource efficiency, and the adoption of circular economy principles. The findings suggest that enterprises that proactively implement sustainable strategies not only enhance their brand reputation but also achieve operational efficiencies and resilience against market fluctuations. Ultimately, this research underscores the imperative for businesses to align their objectives with sustainable development goals (SDGs) to foster a more sustainable future.

The article examines scientific approaches to the impact of the corporate tax system on investment volume and business activity. The article provides scientific evidence that reducing effective corporate tax rates has a positive impact on investment and production volumes. Based on the analysis, the corresponding conclusions were made regarding corporate tax.

The current article focuses on the features of digital marketing technologies and the reviews theoretical aspects of digitalization marketing. Meanwhile, it studies the elements of digital marketing technologies utilized in garment and textile enterprises.

The article discusses the specifics of the tax administration of Uzbekistan. Also, the revenues from various taxes for 2020–2024 are analyzed and the situation is economically assessed. The importance of  digitization in radically reforming the current state of tax administration is highlighted, and the concept of an interdepartmental "single window" system and its advantages are revealed.

The article analyzes the indicators of economic efficiency of foreign investments. Indicators of efficiency and cost of the investment project are calculated, scientific proposals are presented. The efficiency of investment use includes such indicators as the share of investment in GDP, the share of investment in fixed assets, as well as the level of return on investment. These indicators allow you to assess how effectively the collected funds are used and how they affect the economic growth and development of the country.

The article examines the impact of changes on the tourism potential occurring in the context of innovative tourism development, studies issues of assessment based on the provision of quality services, the mechanism for assessing tourism activities in the tourism sector. In the context of economic modernization, special attention is paid to the optimal development of tourism, taking into ac count the innovative features of the tourism sector.

This article discusses the theoretical issues of financial reporting sustainability standards. Proposals are made to improve accounting using foreign experience in implementing international sustainability standards in practice.

Based on the program of rapid development of the national economy and ensuring high growth rates of the New Development Strategy of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026, determined by the President of our country Mirziyoyev, and in order to ensure its implementation, the quality of property value assessment, including the market value of real estate in the insurance process who mentioned the necessity and urgency of improving research on increasing efficiency. The situation in the real estate market for the first half of 2022 was analyzed by the Center for Economic Research and Reforms. The volume of sales on the real estate market in Uzbekistan increased by 6%. According to the results of the analysis, 126,000 real estate sales contracts were signed in Uzbekistan in the first half of 2022, which is 6% more than in the same period of 2021 (119,000). Therefore, improving the management of real estate objects on the basis of digital technologies is one of today's priority tasks. This article describes the role of trust management in improving the efficiency of real estate management and their introduction to the national real estate market.