Vol. 2 No. 12 (2024): Economic development and analysis

This article discusses the development of a linear regression model for assessing business value in the oil and gas sector of Uzbekistan. The model integrates key economic and operational variables, such as global oil and gas prices, political stability, macroeconomic indicators, sales volumes, and others, including EBITDA and debt level. The study focuses on the statistical significance of variables and their impact on market value, thus providing a basis for strategic management and planning in the industry.

This article provides an analysis of the Almon lag model based on statistical data from the Fergana Region. The model facilitates the study of relationships between variables over time by accounting for distributed lag effects. Using the available data, the research examines the dynamics of key factors in the Fergana Region and identifies the optimal lag structure. The results enhance the understanding of the region's economic dynamics and offer valuable insights for policymakers and researchers alike.

To determine the directions for improving corporate culture in joint-stock companies, attention must be paid to its advantages and problems. An effective corporate culture directly influences the activities and long-term prospects of joint-stock companies. Such a culture is one of the most important factors for the success of joint-stock companies and is crucial in maintaining a competitive edge. Moreover, it affects the ethical virtues, dedication, work productivity, physical health, and emotional well-being of individuals in the organization. This article analyzes the problems of corporate culture in joint-stock companies and identifies ways to effectively address them. It also examines the importance of corporate culture and its role in the company's operations, as well as the impact of culture on economic indicators. Issues such as insufficient development of corporate culture, weak communication among employees, and non-compliance with ethics and values are analyzed. Solutions proposed include strategic approaches to developing corporate culture, regular educational and training programs, creating an open communication and trust environment, and developing and implementing ethical codes. The research provides practical recommendations for improving and effectively managing corporate culture in joint-stock companies.

Creativity and innovation are increasingly being mentioned as key skills for success in work and life all over the world today. Innovation is a decisive force for the organization’s activities and survival in the market. This article is devoted to the theoretical coverage of the topic of ensuring the unity of innovation and creativity as a factor of economic development.

Food price volatility is a key concern in global agricultural markets, influencing economic outcomes in both urban and rural areas. In rural labor markets, where a significant portion of households depends on agriculture, the impacts of food price fluctuations are multifaceted. This paper investigates the effects of food price volatility on rural labor markets, focusing on different agricultural product types. We analyze the direct and indirect consequences on employment, wages, income distribution, and migration patterns. The study highlights that the impacts vary across regions and product categories, with staple crops, cash crops, and livestock products exhibiting distinct economic dynamics. Using both theoretical frameworks and empirical data, the paper offers insights into policy strategies that can mitigate the adverse effects of price volatility, fostering more resilient rural labor markets.

This article is devoted to covering the topic of “Uzbekistan - 2030” Strategy: “Green Economy”. The article also examines upon the history of the emergence and formation of the green economy on a global scale.

The article presents a statistical analysis of investments in industrial enterprises that provide various products and services to the population of our country. Information on the number of industrial enterprises and the volume of investments made in this region in 2010-2023, as well as the amount of gross regional products.

This article explores and examines the experience of the UAE, where the Islamic finance system has significantly developed. The history of the development of the islamic financial system in the country, its current status, the establishment of Islamic banking, the practices of Islamic project financing, and the obstacles to its growth along with solutions for overcoming them have been analyzed. Furthermore, this article discusses the directions in which the UAE's experience in this field could be utilized to address the challenges faced in the development of Islamic finance in Uzbekistan.

The article discusses the origin of money, its modern stage and the fact that it is one of the first inventions of mankind. Leading scientists of the world have studied the issue of the origin of money for many centuries and today conduct many studies. This article analyzes modern studies of the formation of monetary relations. The author conducted a theoretical and critical analysis of the literature devoted to the development of monetary relations. Based on the theoretical analysis, conclusions were made about the forecast of further changes and development of monetary relations.

This article focuses on the fact that intellectual information technologies are one of the scientific and practical areas of informatics with a bright future and rapid development. The basic foundations of artificial intelligence are based on knowledge, the organization of communication in natural languages, understanding of text, logical inference, justification and explanation of solutions are given.

A graduate of a pedagogical university is not only an important link in the education of citizens and the formation of the country's human capital, but also in the preservation, development and transfer of existing pedagogical values to the next generation. This article discusses the policy of personnel training in Uzbekistan and the prospects for using the experience of foreign countries in it.

Strategic financial planning is essential for improving the financial performance of logistics corporate structures in a rapidly developing global economy. This study examines the basic principles and methodology of strategic financial planning, adapted to the organizational needs of logistics corporate structures. It examines the integration of financial strategies with operational objectives, focusing on optimizing cash flow, controlling costs, prioritizing investments, and managing risks. The article emphasizes the importance of using digital tools and advanced financial technologies to meet dynamic market demands and mitigate uncertainties in supply chain management. The study also highlights the role of financial planning in ensuring sustainability and achieving long-term profitability in an environment of increasing pressure on logistics practices.

Achieving sustainable development while maintaining economic growth presents a significant challenge for Uzbekistan, given its reliance on resource-intensive industries and fossil fuels. This paper explores strategies for decoupling economic growth from environmental harm, focusing on key measures such as transitioning to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, fostering green technology and innovation, and enforcing robust environmental policies. The study highlights the importance of sustainable agricultural practices and international cooperation in facilitating this transition. Uzbekistan's potential for solar, wind, and hydroelectric energy, coupled with modernization of its industrial and agricultural sectors, offers pathways to mitigate environmental impacts. Leveraging global partnerships and foreign direct investment, the country can adopt green technologies and align its development goals with international sustainability standards. This approach ensures a balance between economic prosperity and environmental preservation, contributing to a sustainable future.

In this article, in an econometric analysis of household income and demand for consumer goods, energy consumption per capita is assessed, the problems of ensuring energy savings are studied, the processes for eliminating them, as well as the efficient use of electrical energy resources have been studied. To assess the electricity consumption of the Republic of Uzbekistan, energy consumption in industries and sectors of the economy was compared and analyzed, and using elasticity coefficients it was studied how much electricity consumption will increase the income of the population by 1%.

The study of the causes of economic imbalances requires, first of all, a scientific study of its indicators and criteria at the macro and micro levels. From this point of view, the national economy, which is analyzed in many macro-level calculations, consists of independent and organizationally interconnected economic entities, reflecting the development of the social and individual division of labor in society in the form of various forms of ownership and the harmonious implementation of the system of economic interests. If economic interests conflict with each other, economic activity slows down, GDP growth rates decrease, and population incomes decrease, and this situation should be considered as a sign of imbalance.

To organize full control and management of the activities of the organizational and economic mechanism in the services market of our republic. Classification of indicators that determine the principles, factors and institutional conditions of economic growth in the services sector, as well as research on the methodology of assessing labor efficiency.

The implementation of measures aimed at financial recovery of enterprises, prevention of their insolvency is an important component of the economic reforms being carried out in Uzbekistan today. Based on this, this article summarizes foreign experience in accounting and analysis of insolvency.

This study examines how trade openness impacts economic development in 20 emerging markets from 2000 to 2020. It compares countries based on trade policies, levels of openness, and economic growth outcomes. The research highlights regional differences, with Asian economies showing better results than many in Africa and Latin America. The findings suggest that trade openness can drive development when supported by strong institutions and policies tailored to each country's needs.

This article examines the issues of further development of the digital economy, implementation of a set of measures for the widespread introduction of modern information and communication technologies in all sectors and areas, including public administration, education, healthcare and agriculture. Suggestions and recommendations were given for improving the e-government system, further development of the local market of software products and information technologies

The article analyzes the content and significance of the concept of "Practical analysis of pension system financing", income and expenses of the pension fund, financial sources of the pension fund, demographic, economic, social factors affecting the pension fund, state pension provision, funded pension provision, private pension provision, distributed and mixed pension models.

This article examines the main specific features of the development of information and communication services in modern conditions, the adaptation of the structure of information and communication services to the requirements of the modern economy, as well as important aspects of the scientific substantiation of an effective business model inherent in a competitive high-tech sector.

In the article, the essence of the concept of leadership, traditional approaches to leadership, behavioral theories of leadership, personal characteristics of the leader, team activity management, leadership style in the enterprise management system, leadership management in the organization, leadership in conflict situations, issues related to innovative leadership, its pedagogical foundations, the content of training based on the improvement of leadership activities, forms, methods and tools, as well as the possibility of effective use of the obtained results, management and leadership activities in management, management functions, specific features of effective management of people's behavior and interactions are described in it.

This article examines the interconnections, differences, and roles of cost accounting and financial accounting in organizational management. Cost accounting provides data for strategic and operational decision-making within an organization, while financial accounting reflects the financial condition of the company for external stakeholders. The article compares cost accounting and financial accounting in terms of their users, objectives, focus areas, and reporting standards. Additionally, it highlights how these two accounting systems complement each other and contribute to improving the overall efficiency of the organization. The article is relevant and practical for managers, accountants, and researchers.

This article examines the scientific and methodological foundations of marketing activities in e-commerce platforms. The study focuses on the analysis of market trends, the competitive environment, and the importance of modern digital marketing tools. Furthermore, new approaches are suggested to enhance the efficiency of e-commerce platforms. The paper concludes with recommendations for developing effective marketing strategies.

The article examines the types of exchange rate differences that arise as a result of transactions with various foreign companies during the financial and economic activities of enterprises and their recognition in the accounting system of the enterprise and according to tax legislation. Conclusions and suggestions are given on the conducted researches.

The article discusses the accumulation of sustainable natural capital at the macro level, or macroeconomic methods, which are manifested primarily in the areas of government regulation. Suggestions and recommendations on the development of laws, and regulatory and organizational and economic foundations of the system of state regulation are given.

This article highlights the theoretical aspects of the digital economy, the technological changes characteristic of the digital economy, the reforms being implemented in our country to develop the service sector, and the issues related to changes in the field of digitalization. Based on the conducted research, the author has proposed practical recommendations.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the processes and directions of financing artificial intelligence (AI), which has emerged as a separate industry, investing in supporting the development of AI, and its impact on the development of other sectors and the labor market in the future.

This article examines current trends in education, highlighting the changes that the system has undergone as a result of globalization and commercialization. It also highlights the positive and negative aspects of these changes, drawing attention to the importance of ethical, quality and accessible training standards. The national characteristics of each country are also considered, because they play a key role in shaping the market for educational services, influencing the structure and priorities of the education system. It also talks about the need to study the experience of educational services in different countries to create more effective and innovative education systems that contribute to the development of the individual and society.

This article analyzes the return on assets (ROA) indicator in determining the efficiency of commercial banks in Uzbekistan. Bank efficiency is important for the stability of the financial system and economic growth. The study analyzed the activities of commercial banks in the country in 1999-2023 based on statistical data, and also examined the differences in efficiency levels depending on the type of ownership of banks. Although the ROA of state-owned banks was low compared to private and foreign banks, private banks showed the highest level of efficiency. In addition, it was noted that the instability of banking activities and the impact of the pandemic negatively affected efficiency. The results of the study make it possible to offer practical recommendations for improving the activities of commercial banks and the efficient use of resources.

This article focuses on the fact that our country has a great potential to achieve economic efficiency through the development of tourism. Theoretical justification and development of institutional and economic conditions and mechanisms for the development of ski resorts in the regions of Russia, especially in the North Caucasus and the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia.

The article analyzes the key elements of the financial system of joint-stock companies: capital structure, dividend policy, and the theoretical aspects of financial stability. Mechanisms for enhancing investment attractiveness through effective management of capital structure and dividend policy are examined. The prospects for the long-term development of companies by ensuring financial stability are also highlighted. The interconnection of these elements and their practical application are described.

The article explores the definitions formulated by economists of the term “economic stability”, one of the most relevant economic concepts of today, and highlights the system of indicators reflecting the sustainable development of the national economy.

At present, the intensification of globalization processes is accompanied by the progressive expansion and development of regional and international economic integration organizations. This phenomenon necessitates comprehensive scientific and practical analysis from a contemporary perspective. The article examines the current state of North American integration (NAFTA, USMCA), recognized as one of the most prominent regional economic integration frameworks globally. Additionally, it explores the developmental stages of this integration bloc, shedding light on the underlying causes of its transformations. The findings indicate that the dynamics of integration processes in this region demonstrate sustained and significant progress.

The article examines the current trends in the digitalization of the banking sector, focuses on the analysis of international experience and the specifics of the introduction of digital technologies in Uzbekistan. Examples of successful transformation of banks such as Tinkoff Bank, WeBank and Monzo are given, which demonstrate the effectiveness of using mobile applications, artificial intelligence, blockchain technologies and CRM systems. The prospects for the development of Kapitalbank in the context of digitalization, including the introduction of new technologies, improving customer service and strengthening information security, are studied. Based on the analysis, recommendations are proposed to accelerate the digital transformation of the banking system of Uzbekistan, taking into account national characteristics and international experience.

The article discusses the criteria for assessing and measuring the effectiveness of tax administration. Various theoretical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of tax administration are studied, criteria for assessing and measuring effectiveness for the government of Uzbekistan are proposed, and a conclusion is drawn at the end of the topic.

Commercial banks generate resources through passive operations. These resources are primarily created from attracted funds. In our country, commercial banks form the basis of their passive operations' structure through liabilities (loans). However, for accumulating resources, banks find it more convenient to do so through deposits. In this article, we will examine in detail the problems that exist in the process of forming commercial banks' resources through deposits and explore ways to address them.

This article discusses the issues of accounting for liabilities and their accounting in reporting. The current part of long-term liabilities should be reflected in the report, the formation of information about liabilities in the balance sheet, as well as proposals for keeping records of current liabilities and reflecting them in the report if they are significant for the enterprise for the decision of investors and influence changes in indicators reflecting the financial situation.

This article examines methods for evaluating the performance of sovereign funds. Comprehensive indicators that objectively assess the degree of compliance with various proposed criteria are also studied and analyzed. The evaluation indicators for the performance of sovereign funds and the investment projects financed by them are reviewed, and assessment criteria are presented.

The article considers general issues of formation and development of theoretical and methodological aspects of assessment of the trade services development system in the context of socio-economic transformations. In the course of the presentation of the work, the main elements of assessment of the trade services development system are summarized and structured, its functions are systematized, the factors of its development are studied, as well as the role of assessment of the trade services development system in the formation of a platform for sustainable trade development and the national economies that form it. 

The article is devoted to improving the mechanism of taxation of the activities of commercial banks of Uzbekistan, and in the process of research, the scientific literature of many foreign economists was studied. Also, the experience of foreign countries in taxation of banking activities was analyzed, and finally, a conclusion was drawn.

In the article, a matrix of indicators of economic security reflecting the assessment of different levels of economic security, as well as various methodological approaches to researching the institutional system of economic security have been developed.

This article examines the critical integration of marketing management into the overall management system of a company and emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach that views marketing not as a separate function but as a key aspect of every business decision and action. The article describes the key steps in implementing marketing management, including formulating a marketing vision, aligning marketing with strategic objectives, using data-driven information, developing a customer-centric culture, and continually evaluating and adapting marketing strategies.

At the moment, the currency system is a set of various forms of organization of currency relations of certain countries. The main elements are the national currency, national authorities responsible for currency regulation, the regime of the national currency exchange rate, regulation of the convertibility of the national currency, the regime of gold markets and the currency of a certain country. The modern currency system is not subject to any strict rules of operation.

This article pays special attention to the issues of radical revision of approaches to the volume and quality of services provided by entities providing landscape services. Thus, proposals and recommendations were given to improve the efficiency of the system of providing health services to the population and thereby improve the digitalization processes in this system in accordance with the changes taking place.

The article examines the issue of improving the method of assessing the level of competence of employees in sewing and knitting enterprises in search of opportunities for effective use of labor resources.

The article considers general issues of formation and development of theoretical and methodological aspects of evaluation of the system of development of trade services in the conditions of socio-economic transformations. In the course of the presentation of the work, the main elements of evaluation of the system of development of trade services are generalized and structured, its functions are systematized, the factors of its development are studied, as well as the role of evaluation of the system of development of trade services in formation of the platform of sustainable development of trade and national economies forming it.

In the article, the impact of the changes taking place in the conditions of the innovative development of tourism on the potential of tourism, the issues of evaluation based on quality service, and the mechanism of evaluation of tourist activity in tourism were studied. In the conditions of modernization of the economy, attention is paid to the optimal development of tourism based on the innovative characteristics of the tourism industry.

This article analyzes the agrotechnical and economic efficiency of sesame cultivation in the areas of the Republic of Karakalpakstan with high salinity. Also, the research work has compared the sowing indicators and yields of sesame variety "Tashkent-122" on May 15 and June 15, and it was found that sowing on May 15 is the most effective time. According to the results of the economic analysis, sowing on May 15 brought 41.8% higher income than on June 15. This result indicates the importance of choosing the right sowing date and seed rate, and on this basis, proposals and recommendations have been developed to optimize sesame cultivation in the conditions of Karakalpakstan and increase economic efficiency.

Maqolada suv tanqisligi sharoitida qishloq xo‘jaligini barqaror rivojlantirishga strategik yondashuvlar o‘rganiladi. Asosiy e’tibor viloyat agrosanoat majmuasini innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish, suv resurslaridan foydalanishni optimallashtirish va institutsional qo‘llab-quvvatlashni rivojlantirish orqali moslashtirishga qaratilmoqda. Qishloq xo‘jaligi ishlab chiqarishining joriy holati tahlil qilinib, rivojlanish senariylari va barqaror o‘sishni ta’minlash bo‘yicha tavsiyalar taklif etilmoqda. Taqdim etilgan natijalardan agrar sektorda mintaqaviy strategiyalar va amaliy yechimlarni shakllantirish uchun foydalanish mumkin.

This article examines the fundamental role of property valuation in the taxation process. A detailed analysis of the methods and approaches used to determine the value of real estate objects, which form the basis for tax calculations, is presented. The differences between individual and mass valuation, their application depending on the volume and quality of information, and the impact of these approaches on the accuracy of tax obligations are discussed.

The study also explores challenges and perspectives associated with valuation methods and their application, emphasizing the importance of reliable and up-to-date information for ensuring the fairness and efficiency of the tax system. Special attention is paid to issues of tax system financing and the role of local budgets in this process. The research aims to improve the relationship between real estate valuation and tax regulation, as well as to identify potential ways to optimize processes for enhancing their transparency and fairness.

This article presents the theoretical aspects of bank transformation and the scientific approaches of scientists. The current state and stages of the bank transformation process in our country have also been analyzed, and the main problems and shortcomings of the bank transformation process in the country have been analyzed

In recent years, the world has been paying special attention to scientific research aimed at improving the mechanism for collecting value-added tax. This article covers issues such as ensuring the mutual consistency of monetary and fiscal-tax policies, bringing tax administration in line with modern requirements, strengthening the role of value added tax in the formation of budget revenues, creating a “continuous value chain”, and preventing illegal income and expenses.

This article examines the trends in the processes of the initial public offering (IPO) in world practice conducted in 1995-2023. The dynamics of the number of IPO processes conducted in world stock markets and funds raised on this basis are studied. Based on the study of the experience of large consulting companies, investment banks, the factors of ensuring the fair value of national companies in IPO processes are presented, as well as proposals and recommendations for the effectiveness of IPO processes.

In this article, it is necessary to adapt higher education services to world standards so that the young generation, which will ensure the development of the country and its future, grows up healthy, comprehensively developed and knowledgeable. For this reason, in order to further increase the scale and effectiveness of the reforms, given that the need for our youth, who have matured, in modern knowledge and skills is increasing every day, special attention is paid to the application of professional and educational experience of developed countries in the education system of our country, as well as proposals and recommendations.

Tourist villages are a unique form of territorial development that combines elements of cultural, ecological and agrotourism. The aim of the study is to examine the theoretical foundations of the formation of tourist villages, their structure, world experience and perform econometric analysis to assess the prospects for their development in Uzbekistan. Data for 2015–2023 provided by Stat.uz were used.

This article examines the gaps in value added tax, its essence, the procedure for determining and the experience of Uzbekistan in this regard. Based on the study, a conclusion was drawn about the error in calculating the applied value added tax gap.

In this article, the authors investigated the higher education system of Uzbekistan, outlined directions for the development of industry activities, and also highlighted the goals of supporting professors and teachers. Proposals and recommendations have also been developed for the development of the higher education system in Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes the issues of ensuring economic security in our country in the context of the transition to a digital economy, the scientific and theoretical views and ideas of foreign and domestic scientists on this issue. In the transition to a digital economy, proposals were developed, first of all, to create a legal framework and improve existing ones.

This article is devoted to the fact that as a result of the consistent implementation of economic reforms in the country, changes are occurring in all sectors of the economy, including in the sphere of material production, and the place and role of agriculture, which is an important component of the sphere of material production, is becoming increasingly important in the occurrence of these changes. In particular, it is emphasized that it is an objective necessity to pay attention to the problems of providing the sector with personnel in the conditions of multi-structured agriculture in the context of the further development of market relations in Uzbekistan.

The scientific article analyzes the current state and issues of regulation of digital assets and cryptocurrencies in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Based on a comparative analysis, it was determined that the CIS countries mainly use approaches to apply existing legislative norms or form independent legal frameworks, and also identified countries that are leaders in this area. A conclusion is made about the need to exchange experience and strengthen cooperation in the field of regulation of digital asset turnover in the CIS countries.