In this article, the scientific-theoretical content of the tax policy and strategy and the economic conditions for its occurrence are to ensure the effectiveness of the tax-budget system. Tax policy plays a very important role in the economic policy of any country. Tax policy is closely related to other economic policies of the state and influences them. Correct development of tax policy and determination of its strategic and tactical directions is a very urgent and complex process.

This article analyzes the conventional and unconventional monetary policy instruments employed by the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan during 2020–2025. The research covers the key interest rate, required reserve ratios, bond issuance, deposit auctions, interest rate corridor, and balance sheet expansion policy. Based on statistical-empirical analysis, the effectiveness of the Central Bank's monetary policy instruments in curbing inflation, stabilizing the national currency, and managing banking system liquidity is evaluated.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical and practical foundations of state regulation of the real sector. Specifically, it defines the role of the state within the economic system, evaluates the effectiveness of regulatory mechanisms, and examines the interactions between institutional and market-based approaches in a comprehensive manner. Within this framework, the study systematically highlights how state intervention is implemented through legal, financial, and administrative instruments, and assesses their impact on real sector entities. Additionally, the paper explores the specific features of public policy in various sectors of the economy – including industry, agriculture, infrastructure, and services –  and evaluates its influence on economic stability. Based on the findings, the study offers policy recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of real sector regulation in the national economy.

This article examines the role of the state in a market economy, using the Republic of Uzbekistan as a case study. It analyzes the nature of state participation in the economy during ongoing market reforms and structural transformation. The study is based on comparative, structural, and statistical analysis of macroeconomic indicators. It is shown to what extent state regulation and investment policy contribute to industrial development and influence the structure of industrial production in Uzbekistan.

Modern financial science pays considerable attention to the study of the impact of fiscal policy on social development. The quality and timeliness of decision-making on the formation and implementation of budget policy affect the balance of public finances, the level of effectiveness of state regulation of socio-economic processes. Budgetary policy affects the effectiveness of financial and economic transformations in the public finance system, provides financing for the structural restructuring of the economy, stimulating the development of its priority sectors, accelerating the intensification of production and the level of development of society.

This research explores the state regulation of foreign direct investment in Uzbekistan, emphasizing its regional characteristics and the interplay between national and local policies. It examines how the concentration of FDI in regions like Tashkent, Navoi, and Fergana Valley contrasts with the underinvestment in areas such as Karakalpakstan and Surkhandarya. Recommendations for enhancing policy alignment and improving investment conditions are provided to promote balanced economic development across the country.

This article examines the role of commercial banks in advancing green financing in Uzbekistan amid climate change pressures and the country’s transition to a green economy. The study aims to identify the institutional and market barriers constraining green lending and to formulate practical recommendations tailored to the national financial system. Methodologically, the paper employs a mixed-method approach that combines document analysis, statistical analysis and comparative assessment of international experience. The empirical base includes national policy and statistical materials as well as analytical sources from international development institutions. The article contributes policy-relevant recommendations on taxonomy implementation, ESG disclosure, capacity building, and green mortgage instruments.

This article examines the issues of financial support for the social sector. The study outlines the economic essence of the social sphere, its main funding sources, and its place within the state budget system. The role of fiscal policy in shaping social expenditures and supporting social development is also analyzed. The research employs both descriptive and econometric methods. Using a multiple regression model, it evaluates the impact of tax revenues, budget deficits, and inflation indicators on the share of social expenditures. The findings made it possible to develop certain scientific conclusions and practical recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of social sector financing.

Socio-economic sustainable development of regions, reduction of differences between regions, strengthening of the revenue base of local budgets is one of the important directions of the state economic policy implemented in Uzbekistan today. In particular, the Development Strategy defines the task of increasing the economy of the regions by 1.6 times in the near future, such a statement of the task requires a deep analysis of the development opportunities of the regions. Based on this, this article analyzes ways to strengthen the revenue base of local budgets.

Insurance of agricultural producers occupies an important place among the instruments of state support for agriculture, based on this, this article discusses the issues of state support for insurance.

The efficiency of tax policy measures for 2024 and analysis of budget revenues performance for 9 months of 2024 are given in this article. Also, based on international experiences and analysis in this sphere scientific-practical conclusions and proposals were developed.

This article systematically examines the socio-economic factors influencing the level of housing provision for the population. The study identifies and groups key factors such as income levels, employment status, family composition, urbanization processes, availability of mortgage lending, housing prices, state housing policy and subsidies, demographic changes, and infrastructure development. The research findings aim to determine the interrelationships among these factors and the extent of their impact on improving housing conditions for the population, while providing practical recommendations for shaping state policy and ensuring socio-economic stability.

Ensuring sustainable economic growth in Uzbekistan by diversifying the structure of the economy and enhancing competitiveness, consistent implementation of market mechanisms in all sectors of the economy, reducing poverty and improving the welfare of the population, accelerated development of the digital economy, transformation of state-owned companies, and reducing state participation in the economy are the priorities of the economic reforms currently underway. Within the framework of these economic reforms, such issues as improving budget policy and improving the efficiency of using budget funds occupy an important place. In reliance upon the considerations specified above, this article analyzes the theoretical aspects of improving the effectiveness of budget policy.

This article studies the current state of investment attractiveness of joint-stock companies using the example of joint-stock companies in the transport sector. The current state of market value of shares and dividend payments in joint-stock companies in the transport sector, such as “Uzparavtotrans” JSC, “Boshtransloyiha” JSC, is analyzed and conclusions are given.

This article is devoted to assessing the prospects for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to Uzbekistan until 2030 in the context of accelerating structural modernization of the economy, expanding public-private partnerships, the growth of the "green" agenda, and the deepening of digital reforms. The purpose of the study is to identify factors that determine not only the quantitative scale of capital inflow but also its qualitative contribution to productivity, technological renewal, export diversification, and the formation of local value chains. The methodological framework combines comparative-institutional, structural, and problem-oriented analysis of official and analytical materials from 2022-2025. Based on a literature review, it is shown that for developing and transition economies, the sustainable effect of FDI depends on the quality of institutions, the predictability of the regulatory environment, the depth of the financial market, and the state's ability to link investment policy with industrial, innovation, and infrastructure strategies. It is established that Uzbekistan possesses significant competitive This article is devoted to assessing the prospects for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) to Uzbekistan until 2030 in the context of accelerating structural modernization of the economy, expanding public-private partnerships, the growth of the "green" agenda, and the deepening of digital reforms. The purpose of the study is to identify factors that determine not only the quantitative scale of capital inflow but also its qualitative contribution to productivity, technological renewal, export diversification, and the formation of local value chains. The methodological framework combines comparative-institutional, structural, and problem-oriented analysis of official and analytical materials from 2022-2025. Based on a literature review, it is shown that for developing and transition economies, the sustainable effect of FDI depends on the quality of institutions, the predictability of the regulatory environment, the depth of the financial market, and the state's ability to link investment policy with industrial, innovation, and infrastructure strategies. It is established that Uzbekistan possesses significant competitive

This study presents an analysis of state policy and mechanisms for creating sustainable financing systems for innovative projects in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It examines existing problems in the development of venture funds, startup ecosystems, and innovation infrastructure, as well as issues related to attracting state grants and foreign investments. The study also explores the necessity of financing through modern technology transfer and venture funds to accelerate innovative activities in the economy. Additionally, it analyzes the state of applied and fundamental scientific research and their effectiveness in being implemented in production.

Small business plays a key role in the economy of Uzbekistan, contributing to the creation of jobs, the development of innovations and improving the quality of life of the population. Despite the supportive measures of the state, small businesses face a number of obstacles, such as a high tax burden, bureaucratic barriers and limited financial resources. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively analyze the state of small business in Uzbekistan, identify the main problems and proposals for their solution. The article examines current trends in entrepreneurship, provides statistical data illustrating the growth and development of the sector, and offers recommendations for improving the business environment. The analysis confirms that small business in Uzbekistan has significant potential, but requires further state support and optimization of existing measures.

This article has been developed in order to prepare a forecast of resource tax revenues to the State budget and state trust funds (taking into account the principles and practical experience of foreign countries), as well as ensuring the provision of resource tax revenues to the state budget and compliance with tax laws within the framework of the implementation of the state tax policy, aimed at ensuring control over the correct calculation, full and timely payment of taxes and fees.

At the present stage of the development of the world economy, the development of economic policy features that contribute to the socio-economic sustainable development of regions and their radical implementation into real life is becoming increasingly important every day. Increasing the possibilities of attracting foreign direct investment in the spheres and sectors of the economy, modernization of industrial enterprises, introduction of advanced foreign equipment and technologies into production is largely due to the creation of special economic zones, including small industrial ones. Based on this, the chosen research topic is becoming relevant today.

This article examines the key policy decisions related to the tax base and rates of real estate tax, as well as the important tax administration functions–valuation, calculation, and collection. It also focuses on reforming both the traditional annual property tax (levied on the assessed value of buildings and land plots) and transaction taxes (collected as a tax or state fee [stamp duty] upon the transfer of real estate ownership). The article provides proposals and recommendations for successfully implementing real estate tax reforms and improving tax administration. Based on the analysis of scholarly literature and international experience, detailed recommendations are offered on the practical aspects of reforming real estate taxes in Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes the demographic impact of external labor migration on the population dynamics of Uzbekistan. Such factors as territorial imbalances arising as a result of migration, an increase in birth rates, and an increase in the working-age population were studied on the basis of statistical methods. The research results provide a scientific basis for determining the long-term demographic consequences of migration processes and the development of relevant policy decisions. The article is theoretically and practically relevant and serves to improve demographic policy.

This article analyzes the current state and trends of investment in tourism in Uzbekistan. The volumes and sources of investment in tourism, their role in developing tourism infrastructure and improving the quality of services are considered. Aspects such as domestic and foreign investment in the industry, government policy and the impact of economic factors on the tourism sector were also studied.

This article provides scientific recommendations and recommendations to the government of Uzbekistan on determining poverty, the causes of its occurrence and providing state social support to the poor and socially vulnerable segments of the population, as well as temporarily affected by economic reforms.

This article presents the formulas for calculating the tax potential of economic sectors and regions, as well as the development of existing innovative methods and methodological approaches in determining the main aspects of programs for the improvement of tax policy, the equalization of budget expenditure needs, and a wide range of economic-mathematical modeling and forecasting in order to increase the efficiency of public finance management. Proposals for the introduction of large-scale methods are presented.

Selection of modern management personnel and assessment of leadership potential is one of the highest goals of our state, building a democratic state based on the rule of law, civil society, development and liberalization of various spheres of life. Today it is also a requirement that he pay attention to his teacher, spirituality and competence, as well as encourage increased public control over the activities of leadership personnel. Leadership cadres mobilize society, awaken existing creative forces in people, and develop socio-economic life.