This article studies the role of capital market participants in the transition to a green economy, the role of the capital market in the transition to a green economy, the importance of green financial instruments and their approaches to types. The role of green investors in the capital market, the functions of capital market participants in the transition to a green economy, and the share of green bonds in the international green bond market by type are analyzed. Based on the analysis, relevant conclusions are given.

This article examines the importance of good corporate governance in increasing the capital value of Uzbek joint-stock companies. The article examines approaches to developing an effective management methodology in joint-stock companies based on agency theory, stakeholder theory, and resource dependency theories. The study analyzes the increase in capital value through modern financial indicators, including ROI (return on investment), EVA (economic value added), and ROE (return on equity). The theoretical and practical approaches presented in the article conclude with recommendations aimed at improving the management systems of joint-stock companies in the conditions of Uzbekistan and increasing their market value.

The national capital market in Uzbekistan is undergoing a significant transformation as part of the country's broader economic liberalization and modernization efforts. This article provides an in-depth assessment of the current state of the capital market in Uzbekistan, analyzes the problems it faces and the prospects for its development. The analysis draws on recent reforms, legislative changes and market trends to assess the effectiveness of current strategies and suggest recommendations for further improvements. The results highlight the importance of a coherent regulatory framework, increased market transparency and increased investor confidence in creating a dynamic and sustainable capital market in Uzbekistan.

The article analyzes the economic significance of the Islamic capital market ecosystem and its role in the modern financial system. It examines the development of financial instruments such as sukuk, Islamic stocks, and ETFs, as well as the role of Shariah boards and international institutions in fostering an atmosphere of trust. The research highlights the necessity of introducing innovative financial products and fostering international cooperation for the sustainable development of Islamic capital markets. This market plays a crucial role in the global economy by facilitating investment, fairness, and stability.

This article examines approaches to optimizing capital requirements for insurance companies in Uzbekistan. It analyzes existing regulatory frameworks and international standards, including Solvency II. The study explores risks associated with insufficient capitalization and proposes measures to improve capital and reserve management mechanisms. The research aims to adapt advanced regulatory practices to the national insurance market, ensuring its sustainable development.

In the article, the development of the activities of corporations in the capital market, improvement of their activities and participation in new modern projects, and further development of the economy through corporate governance.

The article analyzes the key elements of the financial system of joint-stock companies: capital structure, dividend policy, and the theoretical aspects of financial stability. Mechanisms for enhancing investment attractiveness through effective management of capital structure and dividend policy are examined. The prospects for the long-term development of companies by ensuring financial stability are also highlighted. The interconnection of these elements and their practical application are described.

The article gives proposals for the development of the activities of corporations, increasing their activity in the capital market, investment financing of new modern projects, and further development of the economy through the capital market.

In the article, the relevance of the research is based on the existing problems in the assessment of capital efficiency in companies, and the theoretical basis for increasing equity efficiency is highlighted. Also, an analysis was carried out to evaluate the capital efficiency of joint stock companies operating in our country. Based on the results, conclusions and recommendations on increasing capital efficiency have been developed.

The article identifies and evaluates the emergence of financial stability in banks and its specific characteristics. Scientific studies by local and foreign scholars on this category have been examined and systematized. The perspectives of scholars regarding indicators such as capital adequacy and liquidity in ensuring financial stability have been analyzed. Based on the research, scientific conclusions and recommendations have been developed.

The article reflects the results of a study of the Islamic capital market, which has become increasingly popular in recent years. It examines the degree of robustness of the instruments of the Islamic capital market to external shock factors in comparison with traditional ones. The author drew important conclusions as a result of an analysis conducted using the Hills estimation and OLS log-log regression methods.

The article analyzes in detail the essence of stock indices in attracting investors to the capital market and methods of their calculation, and also studies the factors influencing them. The importance of stock indices in the development of exchange trading and the influence of their profitability on trading processes are also described.

This article analyzes the innovative startup ecosystem formed in Silicon Valley, USA, based on economic and statistical approaches. The study examines the stages of startup development, venture capital dynamics, labor market changes, demographic indicators, and the evolution of technological activity in relation to the labor market, migration flows, patenting rates, and investment volumes. Statistical trends in the number of startups in Silicon Valley, the share of AI startups, newly established technology companies, venture capital distribution, and gender structure were analyzed for the period of 2020-2023. The research results indicate that economic and demographic diversification, investment opportunities, and human resource potential in Silicon Valley are of strategic importance for the sustainable growth of the ecosystem. This experience has practical significance for Uzbekistan in improving national policies and institutional mechanisms to support startups.

This article analyzes the level of development of Uzbekistan's securities market, as well as existing problems and shortcomings. The study examines the current state of the stock market, the activities of government and private sector securities, and their economic efficiency. Key issues identified include the low liquidity of the securities market, the limited range of investment instruments, weak integration into international financial markets, and a lack of financial literacy. Additionally, the article explores factors such as the underdevelopment of capital market infrastructure, information asymmetry, and the limited opportunities for Islamic finance.

This paper examines the emergence and development of the venture capital (VC) ecosystem in Uzbekistan, a transition economy in Central Asia striving to foster innovation and high-growth entrepreneurship. Drawing on theoretical frameworks related to innovation finance and entrepreneurial ecosystems, the study explores the current landscape of VC activity in Uzbekistan, identifies key structural challenges such as limited exit opportunities, low financial literacy, commercialization barriers, and legal-regulatory gaps and assesses the effectiveness of recent policy initiatives. The analysis integrates insights from the 2024 KPMG report on Central Asia and supplements it with comparative lessons from international case studies, including Israel’s Yozma program, Singapore’s co-investment incentives, and South Korea’s fund-of-funds model. The paper proposes a set of phased policy recommendations to strengthen the VC ecosystem, including legal reforms, investor tax incentives, co-investment mechanisms, and capacity-building initiatives. The findings suggest that while Uzbekistan’s VC sector is still nascent, targeted policy interventions can accelerate its evolution into a robust, globally integrated driver of innovation-led economic growth.

In this article, the stock market of Uzbekistan and securities for choosing an investment portfolio for investors operating in the stock market are analyzed based on the CAPM model and other indicators. In addition, the development prospects of Uzbekistan's stock market, problems and their solutions are thoroughly researched. Investment portfolio analysis is an important tool used to evaluate the performance of investment portfolios in the capital market. This analysis involves evaluating various assets in the portfolio such as stocks and other financial instruments. In addition, the article explores the analysis necessary for investors to assess the risk and return of their investments and maximize their returns.

This article also examines the impact of the development of the international currency market on the global financial architecture. During the study, various aspects were studied, including the economic essence, theoretical and legal foundations for attracting capital from the international financial market, analysis of the current state of attracting capital, literature analysis, and a research project. As a result of research identified the problems and opportunities associated with the development of the international foreign exchange market. It was determined that in order to develop a more efficient and stable foreign exchange market, it is necessary to strengthen the regulatory framework, increase market transparency, improve risk management practices, and strengthen investor protection measures.

In this article, based on the financial reports of the participants of the insurance market of Uzbekistan, the relationship between their financial indicators, in particular, the relationship between the return on capital, profitability, insurance reserve, is studied. As a control factor, the impact of companies' online search engine optimization (SEO) on financial performance was also assessed. Also, in the article, these relationships were statistically analyzed using two different models.

This scientific article analyzes the theoretical foundations, economic mechanisms, and institutional aspects of supporting the participation of state-owned enterprises in financial markets. Based on empirical and statistical data, the study demonstrates that the participation of state-owned enterprises in capital markets contributes to increasing market liquidity, attracting long-term investment resources, and reducing the burden on the state budget. In particular, the role of the public sector in capital markets is revealed through the analysis of IPO and SPO activities as well as corporate bond issuance dynamics. The research findings indicate that supporting the participation of state-owned enterprises in financial markets is a key factor in strengthening financial stability, developing market infrastructure, and ensuring the long-term growth of the national economy.

The article covers the purpose, theoretical foundations and significance of sukuk emission in attracting capital from the international financial market. The different characteristics of sukuk from traditional bonds, the dynamics of change in the number of sukuk issuing countries and their distribution by country, the stages of circulation of sukuk certificates and the total volume of global short-term sukuk emissions have been analyzed. Proposals and recommendations for the introduction of sukuk are presented in Uzbekistan.

The aim of this study is to develop a phased model for the gradual formation of an alternative finance ecosystem in Uzbekistan, taking into account the country’s existing financial market infrastructure, institutional capacity, and available alternative finance instruments. To achieve this objective, the study adopts a predominantly qualitative approach. The analysis results in the formulation of key policy directions and implementation stages for the development of an alternative finance ecosystem in the country. In particular, the study outlines the establishment of an institutional foundation to support alternative finance, the design of a human capital development strategy and the enhancement of awareness in the field of Islamic finance, the phased introduction of Islamic capital market instruments and the preparation and sequencing of development programs.

This study explores the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) through Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and Secondary Public Offerings (SPO), with a focus on Uzbekistan's evolving capital market. Drawing on international experiences from countries such as Korea, China, India, and Turkey, the research highlights how SOE listings can enhance corporate governance, attract foreign investment, increase transparency, and stimulate overall economic development. The article analyzes Uzbekistan’s current market environment, including government-led reforms, investor base limitations, weak listing infrastructure, and challenges in disclosure and corporate governance. While recent initiatives demonstrate a strong governmental push for IPOs of major SOEs, the study identifies systemic barriers such as insufficient institutional investors, underdeveloped underwriting practices, and a lack of market awareness among retail investors. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations, including phased IPO implementations, capacity building for investment banks, strengthening disclosure practices, and fostering public interest in equity investment. The findings aim to support Uzbekistan’s strategic transition from a state-led to a market-oriented economy through sustainable and well-managed privatization programs.

This paper examines the economic nature of foreign investments and their impact on the country's economy. Foreign investment is the capital injected into the economy of another country by foreign investors, which stimulates economic growth by creating new production facilities, importing technologies and improving the skills of personnel. The article examines the main types of foreign investments, their functions in the economy of the receiving country, factors affecting the economy and benefits.

This article provides information about effective investment activities that stimulate increased production efficiency in the context of the modern development of the world economy, strategic support for forming internal mechanisms, and the presence of main negative trends that impede the development of investment activities. processes in the Republic of Uzbekistan and promising directions for their development.

Currently, the issues of improving the financial planning system, which is the main functional element of financial management, are widely studied all over the world. In particular, in the context of a global pandemic, targeted research is being conducted on the formation of a financial planning system capable of quickly adapting to changing conditions in foreign markets and its perfect model in combination with strategic plans. Also, one of the main functional elements of financial management is focused on improving the organizational architecture of financial diagnostics, which embodies a wide range of indicators for a comprehensive assessment of financial and economic activities of companies.