The article discusses the theoretical and methodological foundations of the stock market regulation, its place and role in the national economy, characterizes the main instruments of the stock market with an indication of the problematic aspects of their use, analyzes the external conditions for the development of the stock market in the national economy, identifies the features of the development of the stock market mechanism. Also, attention is drawn to the structure of attracting resources of the stock market, which is characteristic of the current stage of the state of the economy of Uzbekistan, recommendations are formulated for their improvement.

The formation of an effective competitive environment in regional consumer goods markets is a key condition for sustainable economic growth, consumer welfare and innovation-driven development. This study discusses the fundamentals, structural variables and strategic mechanisms of economic modernization and market liberalization affecting the competitiveness of regional consumer goods markets. Using a combination of comparative analysis, econometric modeling and empirical research in selected regions, the study identifies key factors such as market concentration ratios, entry barriers, institutional support mechanisms and consumer demand dynamics that determine the intensity of competition. Empirical results show that regions with diversified production structures, high levels of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) activity and strong institutional arrangements have higher market efficiency and consumer satisfaction. In addition, the study highlighted the importance of digital transformation, innovation ecosystems and public-private partnerships as strategic levers for building competitive advantages in the consumer goods sector

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the state and structure of the government securities market in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the period 2018–2024, focusing on demand and placement trends. Government bonds are considered a key element of the financial system and play an important role in mobilizing both domestic and foreign investment resources. Particular attention is given to identifying institutional and structural constraints hindering the full development of this financial market segment. These include the limited range of available debt instruments, low liquidity in the secondary market, a predominance of short-term bonds, and the absence of flexible instruments such as floating-rate bonds. The study argues that the establishment of a fully functional, multi-level infrastructure for the circulation of government bonds requires the introduction of innovative instruments, including indexed, "green," and social bonds, which could enhance the sustainability of budget financing and strengthen the investment climate. It concludes that the development of the government bond market is of strategic importance for ensuring budgetary stability and increasing the transparency of public debt policy.

This article explores the applicability of the Risk-Based Capital (RBC) framework to the insurance market of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Drawing upon international best practices, especially the APRA model from Australia, the study empirically assesses the capital structure comprised of premium, claims liability, and asset risks. The analysis revealed the dominant role of insurance-related risks in capital requirements and emphasized the need to transition from rigid normative regulation to a more risk-sensitive and adaptive supervisory approach. The paper provides policy recommendations for a phased implementation of RBC, including the development of a localized model, creation of a national actuarial database, and modernization of regulatory frameworks.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical foundations and structure of the financial mechanism in insurance services, as well as its integration into the financial intermediation system. Drawing on economic theories and international comparative practices, the paper explores the role of the financial mechanism in ensuring economic stability, security, and effective resource allocation. Particular attention is given to Uzbekistan’s experience, including legal and institutional frameworks, digitalization processes, and the development of social insurance systems. A practical roadmap for the further improvement of the national insurance market is also proposed

This article systematically analyzes the directions of increasing the economic activity of the household sector in the Republic of Uzbekistan. During the study, statistical indicators, regional differences, income and expenditure dynamics, changes in the consumption structure, and the influence of state policy for the period 2019–2024 were assessed. The importance of the labor market, migration, social payments, and digital economy factors in the formation of household income was separately studied. The results of the analysis showed that, despite the stability of real household incomes, some regions are experiencing a shortage of resources, limited consumption and investment opportunities. The article proposes five main directions for increasing the economic activity of households: development of financial services infrastructure, support for family entrepreneurship, improvement of social policy, digitization of management, and development of regional differential strategies. These approaches expand the opportunities for households to achieve financial stability, use resources efficiently, and contribute to economic growth.

The article reveals the key characteristics of the service sector, as well as the areas of interaction of a number of factors that have determined positive changes in the service sector of the economy. This article shows that the role of the service market as one of the most important sectors of the economy today is very large and relevant and saturation of the market with new goods require rapid growth in scientific and technological progress, as well as in the service sector.

The article examines the relationship between the development of the educational services system and the transformation of the employment structure of the population. The importance of improving the quality and accessibility of education as a key tool for increasing the competitiveness of the workforce and adapting to the requirements of the modern labor market is emphasized. The article analyzes trends in the development of educational services and suggests ways to improve them to stimulate employment, especially among young people and in regions with high unemployment.

This study investigates the role of ESG-driven innovation as a strategic source of competitive advantage in the banking sector, with a comparative focus on state-owned and private banks across emerging and developed markets. Drawing on the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities theory, it develops a novel ESG Innovation Index that captures the depth and integration of sustainability technologies, such as AI-based ESG analytics, carbon tracking platforms, and digital reporting systems into core banking functions. Using a panel dataset of 68 banks from Central Asia and benchmark economies (2015–2024), the study employs fixed-effects and system GMM models to assess the impact of ESG innovation on profitability (ROA, ROE), operational efficiency, market share, and investor attractiveness. Results reveal that ESG innovation significantly enhances financial and operational performance, while the magnitude of its impact is substantially higher among private banks. The findings highlight that ownership structure moderates the innovation–performance nexus, with private banks leveraging technological agility for greater returns, whereas state-owned banks tend to pursue compliance-oriented sustainability agendas. The research contributes to strategic management and sustainable finance literature by framing ESG innovation as a contingent dynamic capability and offers policy insights for regulators seeking to balance innovation incentives across ownership types.

This article examines the role and significance of institutional mechanisms in the process of regional development. Mechanisms that structure the interactions between government, local authorities, the private sector, and civil society are assessed as essential tools for promoting regional economic growth. The study analyzes the experiences of foreign countries (EU, Ukraine, Russia) and explores the theoretical and practical foundations of the institutional approach. Based on a review of scholarly sources, the article substantiates the effectiveness of such mechanisms in fostering innovation, attracting investment, and reducing interregional disparities.