The article describes a number of risk types that may arise as a result of the digitalization of traditional banking activities as a result of the transformation of banking activities and the level of risk may increase, the most common types of cyber threats aimed at bank customers and banks themselves and their specific aspects, New risk management systems in banks, steps of strategic bank risk management, and author's approaches to effective risk management in the digital environment are presented. Overall, this paper provides insights into the multi-faceted nature of risk posed by commercial banks in the face of transformation and digitization, and what can be done by banks to effectively manage and mitigate this pervasive risk factor and ensure sustainable growth for banks. provides information on the various methods used.

This article is devoted to the study of problems related to the operations of commercial banks in the securities market and ways to overcome them. Banks operate in the stock market in order to diversify their financial portfolio, manage risks and generate additional income. However, a number of problems arise in this process: factors such as lack of liquidity, market volatility, regulatory restrictions and information asymmetry can reduce the effectiveness of banking operations. To solve these problems, modern risk management methods, new rules adopted by regulatory authorities, the possibility of adapting to market conditions and using technological innovations are analyzed. The relevance of the topic is due to the importance of ensuring the financial stability of banks in conditions of volatility of global financial markets.

This study examines the impact of the relationship between bank assets and liabilities on bank profitability, highlighting the critical role of effective asset-liability management in financial performance. Banks generate income primarily through interest earned on assets such as loans and investments, while liabilities, including deposits and borrowings, represent the cost of funds. The balance between these two elements determines net interest income (NII) and net interest margin (NIM), both key indicators of profitability. Factors such as interest rate spreads, asset quality, maturity mismatches, and liquidity management significantly influence the bank’s profitability. A well-managed asset-liability mix enhances income stability and reduces risks associated with interest rate fluctuations and liquidity constraints. Conversely, poor management can lead to reduced margins, increased risk exposure, and potential financial instability. Understanding and optimizing the interplay between assets and liabilities is essential for banks to maximize profitability, manage risks, and sustain long-term growth in a competitive and regulated environment. From this point of view, in this article, I tried to reveal the importance of the net interest margin in increasing the profitability of the bank, as well as the state of management of bank assets and liabilities in the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its effect on the efficiency of the banking system.

This article discusses the important role of managing operational risks in the banking sector, with a detailed analysis of this issue in the context of commercial banks in Uzbekistan. Significant changes are being observed in the countryʼs banking system, and managing operational risks is becoming an integral part of ensuring financial stability. The article delves deeply into the organizational and methodological challenges banks face in their risk management processes. The insights and recommendations presented in the article are hoped to serve as a foundation for future research and for developing strategies to manage operational risks in the local banking sector.

This paper analyzes the risks of Islamic commercial banks and offers suggestions for their minimization. It discusses key risks, including credit, operational, regulatory, technological, and liquidity risks. Special attention is given to the impact of regulatory changes, digitization, and the implementation of new technologies on risk management effectiveness in Islamic banks. The paper proposes strategies to improve risk management systems, develop new financial products, and enhance financial literacy among employees. It emphasizes the importance of long-term stability and resilience of banks in the face of global changes.

The article analyzes modern approaches to improving the risk management system in commercial banks of Uzbekistan. It provides specific statistical data on commercial banks for the period of 2022–2025. Definitions are given for credit, market, operational, liquidity, reputational, and compliance risks encountered in banking activities and practices, along with proposed measures to prevent these risks in the Uzbekistan market. In this regard, methods for risk reduction are suggested through the implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, as well as integrated solutions that encompass international standards, technological innovations, and the development of human capital to enhance the financial stability of banks.

This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of financial risk management processes in commercial banks. In particular, modern methods of identifying, assessing, controlling, monitoring, and reporting financial risks are analyzed, and practical recommendations for improving management processes are developed. The main objective of the article is to develop a comprehensive approach to addressing issues related to financial risks and to identify the possibilities for applying this approach in ensuring the financial stability of commercial banks.

This article describes the relevance of managing and assessing financial risks when developing company forecasts. International standards for assessing financial risks and their economic essence have been studied. Conclusions are drawn about the important features of financial risk management. A scientific proposal and practical recommendations for improving risk management have been developed

This article examines the key differences between financial markets and security markets, highlighting their distinct characteristics, dynamics, and implications for market participants. Financial markets are primarily focused on managing market risks, leveraging complex pricing models, and executing trading strategies, with a regulatory framework centered on maintaining overall market stability. In contrast, security markets emphasize company-specific fundamentals, valuation techniques, and portfolio management, within a regulatory environment that prioritizes investor protection and mitigating individual security-related risks. The article discusses the importance of recognizing and adapting to these industry-specific differences in order to make informed decisions and effectively navigate the complexities of each market domain. It underscores the need for continuous learning, adaptability, and the incorporation of industry-specific reports, trends, and best practices. As the financial landscape evolves, with the increasing integration of technology and the growing emphasis on sustainability, the ability to differentiate between financial markets and security markets becomes even more crucial for professionals and investors seeking to optimize their performance and manage risks.

This article analyzes scientific research conducted in the field of financial planning and highlights their theoretical and practical aspects. The role of financial planning in economic processes, its tasks at the strategic and tactical levels, and its impact on the financial stability of enterprises were analyzed on a scientific basis. Also, based on the experience of foreign countries, modern methods of financial planning, including budgeting, financial modeling, scenario analysis, and risk management, were studied. The results of the analysis show that financial planning is an important management tool that ensures economic growth and stability. Its effectiveness is directly related to the use of a correct information base, advanced accounting methods, and international standards.

This article analyzes the economic significance of customs services and their role in supporting entrepreneurship in Uzbekistan amid expanding trade flows and increasingly complex supply and logistics chains. The relevance of the study is explained by growing demands for faster customs clearance, greater transparency and security, the need to improve the risk management system, and the wider adoption of digital solutions. The research approach combines a review of relevant academic literature, an analysis of regulatory and legal documents, and descriptive–dynamic comparative analysis based on official statistics. The results indicate rising concentration in the structure of imports and exports and an increase in associated risks, thereby substantiating policy directions focused on risk-based control, automation, and the reduction of the “human factor.” The author interprets customs authorities as a strategic trade infrastructure and provides practical recommendations. The study’s scientific contribution lies in systematizing the mechanisms through which customs services facilitate trade, identifying key indicators, and proposing areas for improving practical reform measures.

The article analyzes the evolution of financial risk management models in the formation of an investment portfolio. The theory of G. Markowitz, one of the founders of modern portfolio theory, and its main ideas are studied. The scientist who improved the scientific work of Markowitz is the theory of his student W. Sharp, this article discusses this theory and the main differences between them. The “arbitrage pricing theory (APT)” by S. Ross, who made a significant contribution to the portfolio theory, was studied, its differences from other models were analyzed. Nedosekin and Zaichenko, who developed the following portfolio theory, developed “Analysis of a Fuzzy Portfolio Optimization Model”, which is discussed in this article. Models of investment portfolio optimization, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as differences are also compared.

This article discusses the application of probability theory in economics. Probability theory is an important tool for accounting for uncertainties and assessing risks in various economic processes. The article provides detailed information on the application of this theory in risk management, insurance and investment, market analysis and game theory. With the help of probability theory, the possibilities of preliminary assessment of economic events and making optimal decisions are studied. This article shows the importance of using probability theory in economic analysis and decision making.

This article analyzes the concept of financial derivatives, their types and practical application. It also presents the level of development of the derivatives market in Uzbekistan, existing problems and the author's proposals for their elimination. The study highlights the importance of derivatives for the economy, their role in risk management and the opportunities they create for investors. The author proposes important measures to improve the legislative framework, create infrastructure and attract investors to develop the financial derivatives market in Uzbekistan.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of public-private partnership (PPP) mechanisms in Uzbekistan, focusing on international best practices and the potential for their adaptation to national conditions. Case studies from the United Kingdom, Turkey, China, Canada, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, India, UAE, and South Korea are examined, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, risk management approaches, and institutional frameworks. The paper explores barriers, opportunities, financial and legal aspects of PPP development in Uzbekistan, employing SWOT and PESTEL analyses. Statistical data on investment volumes, job creation, and the impact of PPP on improving the quality of tourism services are included. Finally, the study proposes 10 concrete recommendations for government, private sector, and international stakeholders.

Diversification of the structure of the economy in Uzbekistan and its competitiveness, consistent introduction of market mechanisms to all sectors of the economy, reduction of poverty and increase the well-being of the population,rapid development of the digital economy, transformation of state companies, ensuring sustainable economic growth by reducing the participation of the state in the economy constitute the priorities of economic reforms currently being carried out. Within the framework of these economic reforms, the definition of urgent tasks for “formation of a free competitive environment in the commodity and financial markets”, “popularization of the life insurance network and personal insurance among the population, their large-scale promotion and development of new types of life and personal insurance” is a theoretical analysis of insurance activities in the country- it indicates the need to carry out research work on improving the methodological and practical basis, increasing the level of salinity and quality of insurance services in the structure of financial services.

The article considers the methodological approach to the study of the theoretical foundations of financial processes in the logistics corporate structures of the economic system. As logistics processes are increasingly integrated into the strategic corporate structures of the foreign trade balance, financial mechanisms are becoming increasingly important in shaping the sustainability, investment activity and operational efficiency of this industry. The study assesses the importance of financial theory - capital structure, risk management and value maximization - in the logistics industry. An understanding of corporate finance, supply chain theory and dynamics at the microeconomic level is given.

This article presents a scientific analysis of the key factors and prospects for ensuring economic security in small business and private entrepreneurship activities. The article analyzes the necessary indicators for ensuring the economic security of small business entities, including financial stability, competitiveness, technological innovations, financial management systems, digital security, and market diversification. The research provides recommendations and prospects for enhancing economic security for small businesses.

This paper examines strategies for developing financial services in commercial banks to enhance their competitiveness, efficiency and value proposition. In an era characterized by rapid technological advances and changing customer preferences, commercial banks are faced with the need to innovate and adapt to changing market demands. This article identifies the key strategies of banks to achieve sustainable growth and maximize customer satisfaction. These strategies include digital transformation, expanding product offerings, improving customer experience, enhancing access to financial services, strengthening risk management, investing in talent development and sustainable financing practices. Implementing these strategies will help commercial banks take a leadership position in financial services, drive business growth and achieve the broader goals of economic prosperity and social well-being.

This article examines the formation of local budgets as an important stage of the financial strategy. At the same time, an analysis of the formation of income and expenses of the local budget of the Jizzakh region for 2024 was carried out. Proposals were made to improve the efficiency of local government bodies in the formation of the local budget.

These findings underscore the need for context-specific corporate governance models to optimize overall financial performance and mitigate risk. This research contributes to the understanding of how multiple governance models affect bank stability globally and provides information for policy makers and bank executives aiming to improve governance frameworks. These findings underscore the need for context-specific ways of corporate governance to optimize economic performance and mitigate risk. This research contributes to the expert knowledge of the ways in which different governance models affect the global stability of financial institutions and provides information for policymakers and bank executives aiming to improve governance frameworks.

This article shows how important it is to transition to a green economy as a result of global climate change. Also, due to environmental and social problems, the priority tasks of green economy development and issues of increasing the role of banks in the development of green economy, environmental and social risks in banks and their assessment, green loans, green bonds expansion are presented.

This study analyzes the dynamics of non-performing loans (NPLs) in state-owned and non-state-owned banks in the banking sector of Uzbekistan using annual and quarterly data for the period 2020-2025. We studied the relationship between total loans issued by commercial banks and NPLs separately, based on the banks' ownership structure. The results indicated that state-owned banks have lower risk management efficiency and are more prone to risk.

The article analyzes the role of ESG criteria (Environmental, Social, and Governance), which have become an integral part of the modern corporate governance system, in the activities of joint-stock companies. Particular attention is paid to assessing the impact of sustainable development factors on the management efficiency of industrial enterprises with a high environmental burden, based on both international and domestic experience. The study theoretically and practically examines the influence of ESG components on the management system, risk management mechanisms, and the investment attractiveness of enterprises.

This article examines the role of generative artificial intelligence in the digital transformation of economic sectors, with a particular focus on assessing implementation efficiency and ensuring technological security. The study argues that generative AI is becoming a strategic tool for improving productivity, operational speed, decision-making quality, and innovation capacity across manufacturing, finance, logistics, public administration, and other sectors. At the same time, the article emphasizes that the benefits of generative AI are accompanied by serious technological risks, including data leakage, model misuse, privacy violations, unreliable outputs, and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. The research is based on a qualitative comparative analysis of recent open-access academic and institutional sources, including OECD, World Bank, NIST, and sector-specific studies. The findings show that the effectiveness of generative AI should be evaluated through a dual framework that combines economic performance indicators with technological security criteria. The article concludes that sustainable implementation requires not only digital infrastructure and organizational adaptation, but also strong governance mechanisms, human oversight, and continuous risk monitoring.