This article analyzes the theoretical foundations, practical application, and differences between absorption costing and variable costing systems used in the formation of product costs at enterprises. The advantages and limitations of these systems are highlighted based on international experience and the views of foreign scientists. Practical problems and suggestions for implementing these systems at Uzbek enterprises are also presented.

Determining the cost of production is a key factor for effective management in the manufacturing and service sectors. Modern costing methods, based on information technologies and complex models, simplify the process of determining and analyzing costs. These methods play a crucial role in optimizing production processes, efficiently managing costs, and making managerial decisions. Each method has its specific advantages, contributing to accurate calculations and achieving economic efficiency. The implementation of these methods based on modern technologies and expertise helps organizations enhance competitiveness and reduce costs.

The rapid development of the global economy has led to an increase in demand for energy, raw materials, and minerals, which, in turn, has contributed to the development of the mining, processing, and chemical industries. Ensuring the competitiveness and sustainability of the chemical industry has become one of the key factors in the industry's development today. An enterprise's competitiveness is directly linked to the efficient use of resources. Management accounting ensures the organization and use of resources through methods such as decision support and cost optimization. The ABC (Activity-Based Costing) method is particularly effective in ensuring the efficient organization of costs and the accurate determination of product costs.

In this article, the issues of justifying the methodological aspects of the application of the IAS "Agriculture" in fisheries are covered. In particular, in relation to biological assets in fisheries, the rules for their recognition have been formulated based on the general rules of the IAS No. 41 "Agriculture"; directions for improving production cost accounting and product costing in fisheries in accordance with IAS No. 41 are indicated, and biological assets and products derived from them are categorized. Also, the use of international experience in the evaluation and accounting of fishery products made it possible to meet the requirements of the IAS and to integrate (harmonize) with the international community.

The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of overhead cost allocation. The stages of primary and secondary allocation and their significance in determining product cost and substantiating managerial decisions are examined. Based on the principles of cause-and-effect, fairness, consistency, and efficiency, the criteria for optimal cost allocation are identified. Furthermore, the necessity of implementing multi-criteria and adaptive allocation models in modern production conditions is emphasized. The research findings enhance the accuracy of product costing, improve the assessment of resource utilization efficiency, and expand the opportunities for substantiating managerial decisions.