These findings underscore the need for context-specific corporate governance models to optimize overall financial performance and mitigate risk. This research contributes to the understanding of how multiple governance models affect bank stability globally and provides information for policy makers and bank executives aiming to improve governance frameworks. These findings underscore the need for context-specific ways of corporate governance to optimize economic performance and mitigate risk. This research contributes to the expert knowledge of the ways in which different governance models affect the global stability of financial institutions and provides information for policymakers and bank executives aiming to improve governance frameworks.

This article analyzes the innovative mechanisms for integrating ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) principles into the corporate governance system and their impact on organizational efficiency. The study identifies factors that contribute to the sustainable development of companies, strengthening their social responsibility and environmental stability, as well as increasing corporate value through the implementation of ESG standards. The research examines the experience of implementing innovative approaches, including digital technologies, “green” investments, and responsible corporate governance models. Furthermore, scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations have been developed to assess the impact of ESG principles on economic efficiency, investment attractiveness, and corporate reputation. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of modern trends in corporate governance and to the formation of sustainable development strategies for companies.

This study investigates the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure on bank profitability and market value in Uzbekistan an underexplored emerging economy in Central Asia undergoing rapid financial and sustainability reforms. Using a panel dataset of 22 commercial banks from 2015 to 2024, we construct a hand-collected ESG disclosure index through systematic content analysis of annual and sustainability reports, supplemented by financial data from the Central Bank of Uzbekistan. Net profit margin serves as the primary measure of profitability, while Tobin’s Q and market capitalization proxy for market value. Employing fixed effects, random effects, and System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators to address endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity, we find that higher ESG disclosure is significantly associated with improved bank profitability. Notably, this relationship is driven almost exclusively by the governance (G) pillar, while environmental (E) and social (S) disclosures show no statistically significant effects highlighting the context-specific materiality of ESG dimensions in transitional economies. Robustness checks, including lagged specifications, sub-sample analyses by ownership type, and alternative ESG measures, confirm the reliability of our findings. The results suggest that in Uzbekistan’s institutional environment characterized by ongoing corporate governance reforms and nascent green finance infrastructure transparency in board oversight, risk management, and anti-corruption mechanisms enhances operational efficiency and stakeholder trust, thereby boosting net margins. Our study contributes to the limited literature on ESG-finance linkages in Central Asia and challenges universalist assumptions about ESG materiality by demonstrating that governance remains the most financially relevant pillar in early-stage reform contexts. The findings carry important implications for regulators, bank managers, and international investors: prioritizing credible governance disclosure offers a strategic pathway to both financial performance and market legitimacy. As Uzbekistan advances its National Strategy for Green Economy Development, this research provides empirical grounding for sequenced, institutionally attuned ESG integration in the banking sector.

The article highlights the importance of internal audit in the corporate governance of joint-stock companies. The measures taken in the Republic of Uzbekistan to radically improve the efficiency of joint-stock companies and the introduction of modern corporate governance methods have been scientifically studied. A scientific interpretation of the concept of "corporate governance" is presented, as well as an effective corporate governance structure.

The article discusses the issues of corporate governance, which is one of the relevant directions of modern socio-economic research. Improving the system of corporate governance contributes to enhancing the efficiency of enterprises and expanding their access to external financing, thus being one of the essential conditions for sustainable economic growth of the country. The global experience of food industry enterprises shows that the corporate form of management will contribute to the expansion of the national food market and countering the expansion of large foreign companies.

This research investigates the function of corporate governance in enhancing the application of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) within Uzbekistan’s commercial banking industry. This research employs secondary data from sustainability reports, annual disclosures, and publications by the Central Bank of Uzbekistan and international financial institutions to critically examine the impact of governance structures-such as board independence, gender diversity, and oversight committees-on ESG integration and financial stability. The results show that more and more Uzbek banks are reporting on ESG issues. In 2019, just two banks did this, but by 2024, eight banks will be doing it. Banks with boards that are more independent and diverse show far better ESG performance and financial strength, which is shown by greater returns on assets and fewer loans that are not performing. The paper also points out ongoing problems, such as a lack of ESG knowledge, no standardised reporting standards, and uneven policy implementation. The study finds that corporate governance is both a base and a force behind sustainable finance. To bring Uzbekistan's banking practices in line with global sustainability standards, it calls for a national ESG disclosure standard, more accountability at the board level, and stronger institutional capacity building.

This article analyzes advanced practices in improving corporate governance systems based on the experience of foreign countries. The focus is placed on key principles of corporate governance, such as the protection of shareholders’ interests, the independence and accountability of management bodies, information transparency, and the prevention of conflicts of interest. The study reviews international standards, including the OECD Principles, G20/FSB recommendations, and documents such as the UK Corporate Governance Code. The author provides specific examples from international practice regarding the role of supervisory boards, the functions of independent directors, the effectiveness of audit committees, and the importance of internal control mechanisms. The article concludes with suggestions for applying foreign experience in the context of Uzbekistan. It evaluates the adaptability of these practices from legal, institutional, and economic perspectives, and offers recommendations for enhancing the quality of corporate governance in national companies.

This article evaluates the effectiveness of corporate governance in state-owned enterprises in Uzbekistan using the institutional iSOEF diagnostic framework and practical indicators from the WBES dataset. The findings indicate that weak transparency, irregular audit practices, insufficient board independence, slow corporatization processes, and high regulatory burdens constrain governance quality and amplify institutional risks. The integrated analysis of macro- and micro-level information reveals the systemic nature of these challenges and provides evidence-based recommendations for modernizing corporate governance within the state sector.

This article examines the importance and methods of improving the corporate governance system based on international standards, as well as what benefits this process can bring to organizations. Information is provided on modern approaches to corporate governance, globally accepted standards, as well as the importance of their application in the creation of an effective and transparent management system of corporations. The article discusses ways to improve the activities of organizations and ensure their long-term stability using systematic and integrative approaches to management, taking into account international experience and advanced practices. At the same time, in changing economic conditions, the strategic importance of implementing responsible and effective management systems is widely covered.

"NKMK" JSC, a world leader in the mining industry, is one of the four largest gold producers in the world. During its 65-year history, the company was the first to master and develop the full cycle of gold mining, from innovative geological exploration to the production of the highest quality finished product. From January 1, 2022, an active and large-scale transformation process has begun, which involves the introduction of modern corporate management principles into the system of "Navoi mining and metallurgical combine" JSC. This article examines the introduction of corporate governance principles in JSC "NKMK" and its initial results today. The article defines the term corporate governance, how it affects the growth and development of enterprises in general, then analyzes corporate governance in JSC "NKMK" and compares the results of JSC "NKMK" with the list of Top-10 leading mining companies. In the conclusion, the author summarizes the analysis of corporate management based on the "case" of "NKMK" JSC.

The article describes the need and importance of the organizational and economic mechanism of corporate governance in the construction industry. The author explores and compares the views of foreign and uzbek researchers in the field of organizational and economic mechanism of corporate governance. The author also proposes the structure of the organizational and economic management mechanism in the construction industry, based on the characteristics of this industry.

This article discusses key aspects of corporate governance in universities, including accountability, transparency, strategic leadership, and stakeholder involvement. The main principles, governance models, and challenges faced by educational institutions are analyzed, along with solutions aimed at improving efficiency and sustainability.

This article analyzes the institutional aspects of corporate governance systems in mitigating corruption risks in state-owned enterprises. Based on international experience including OECD principles, ESG indicators, and best practices from developed countries the study examines the independence of supervisory boards, the effectiveness of internal and external audit mechanisms, the level of transparency, and conflict-of-interest management frameworks. Through a combination of systematic analysis, comparative methods, and empirical approaches, the research evaluates governance practices in major state-involved companies in Uzbekistan and proposes specific recommendations for their improvement.

This article examines the importance of good corporate governance in increasing the capital value of Uzbek joint-stock companies. The article examines approaches to developing an effective management methodology in joint-stock companies based on agency theory, stakeholder theory, and resource dependency theories. The study analyzes the increase in capital value through modern financial indicators, including ROI (return on investment), EVA (economic value added), and ROE (return on equity). The theoretical and practical approaches presented in the article conclude with recommendations aimed at improving the management systems of joint-stock companies in the conditions of Uzbekistan and increasing their market value.

The article highlights the main content and essence of the newly adopted Corporate Governance Principles by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2023. The work reveals the main purpose of these principles and their legal status, providing brief commentary on the principles. Based on the research results, conclusions were drawn regarding the use of corporate governance principles in Uzbekistan.

This study explores the privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) through Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and Secondary Public Offerings (SPO), with a focus on Uzbekistan's evolving capital market. Drawing on international experiences from countries such as Korea, China, India, and Turkey, the research highlights how SOE listings can enhance corporate governance, attract foreign investment, increase transparency, and stimulate overall economic development. The article analyzes Uzbekistan’s current market environment, including government-led reforms, investor base limitations, weak listing infrastructure, and challenges in disclosure and corporate governance. While recent initiatives demonstrate a strong governmental push for IPOs of major SOEs, the study identifies systemic barriers such as insufficient institutional investors, underdeveloped underwriting practices, and a lack of market awareness among retail investors. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations, including phased IPO implementations, capacity building for investment banks, strengthening disclosure practices, and fostering public interest in equity investment. The findings aim to support Uzbekistan’s strategic transition from a state-led to a market-oriented economy through sustainable and well-managed privatization programs.

This article analyzes the impact of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles on digital economy policy. The study examined the integration of ESG principles into corporate governance, sustainability strategies, and digital transformation. Also, based on the principles of ESG, ways to increase the role of state policy and business in the digital economy, increase investment attractiveness and ensure sustainable economic development were considered, and substantiated conclusions and proposals on the topic were developed, and recommendations for their application in our country were given.

This article analyzes the economic, legal, and methodological foundations of the business entity stability rating system developed under Uzbekistan’s regulatory framework. The rating indicators are reviewed in comparison with international practices and evaluated in the context of digital fiscal governance and tax discipline. Practical challenges in the system are identified, and improvement recommendations are proposed. The study provides theoretical insights and policy suggestions aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of fiscal reforms in Uzbekistan.

This article provides extensive coverage of the main aspects of the internal control
system of joint-stock companies in the process of corporate governance. The measures taken in the practice of effective organization of the activities of joint-stock companies in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the introduction of an internal audit system of management processes have been scientifically studied. The concept of "internal control" and its role in the process of effective management of joint-stock companies are analyzed. 

In the article, the development of the activities of corporations in the capital market, improvement of their activities and participation in new modern projects, and further development of the economy through corporate governance.

Corporate culture contributes to the long-term development and improvement of the efficiency of enterprise management, as well as determines the mission and long-term strategies of the company. Currently, in the world, along with modern models of corporate governance, the peculiarities of corporate culture as a separate sphere are being studied. The growing acceleration of the globalization process, the expansion of the scale and the development of integration between countries and companies require a broader and deeper study of corporate culture. Therefore, much attention is paid to this direction by scientists in the field of management. In this research paper, modern models of corporate culture and some of their aspects across the country and the company were analyzed.

In the current conditions of economic development, one of the important conditions for the functioning and innovative development of companies is an effective management system. The stability and competitiveness of operating companies directly depends on their management. The established corporate management in turn affects the position of the company in the market, the level of its modernization, digitization and directly the standard of living of the company's employees. Today, it is considered important how to organize a cost-effective and scientifically based way of assessing the quality of management of companies, as well as systematic work on improving the management system.

Internationalisation has become a prime factor of competitiveness in the sphere of higher education, shaping global presence, image and abilities to employ graduates. In the case of emerging economies, it presents an opportunity to enter the global academic communities and be rated in world rankings. The aim of this paper is to address the issue of how the internationalisation enhances the competitiveness of universities in Uzbekistan through the interviews held and by referring to the relevant body representatives of different universities. The results indicate that, as much as Uzbek universities have embraced internationalisation, the challenge in their governance, allocation of resources and language capacity still exist. Internationally affiliated institutions like the Westminster International University in Tashkent (WIUT) and Webster University in Tashkent (WUT) can make use of international networks more efficiently in contrast to nationally based universities, which use strategies based on small steps, including the mobility programmes, and faculty training in foreign countries. The paper supports the view that the current internationalisation in Uzbekistan cannot be considered as a sustainable competitiveness issue unless it is integrated into the processes of teaching, research, and governance in the country.

This article analyzes the importance of ESG principles in project financing, their impact on business and investment decisions, as well as the benefits of sustainable financing mechanisms. The article provides information on the importance of rating agencies and the ratings they provide through the effective implementation of ESG principles.

This article proposes the strategic openness index (SOI) as a new metric aimed at evaluating and improving the quality of strategic decision-making in joint-stock companies. The index is built on three fundamental pillars – transparency, accountability, and stakeholder participation. Based on international experience and empirical research in the context of Uzbekistan, it is shown that companies with higher SOI scores demonstrate improved capital valuation (Tobin’s Q), reduced strategic risks, and increased investor confidence. This approach advances the governance and performance paradigm by shifting focus from formal outcomes to the openness and inclusivity of decision-making processes.