Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Economic development and analysis

Today, global development sets economic entities the task of digitizing their activities. Digitalization is an important source of increasing the efficiency of economic activity at the individual, micro, meso and macro levels. Based on this, this article will address the issues of human capital development in the context of digitalization.

This article describes large-scale reforms aimed at creating favorable conditions for doing business in the tax and financial sectors, improving the investment climate and further strengthening the confidence of business circles in our republic in recent еars. At the same time, such areas as underground trade and public catering, road transport, housing construction and repair, the provision of personal services were studied, scientific and practical conclusions and proposals were formed on foreign experience and its application in our country.

This article focuses on further reducing the negative impact on the competitiveness of the republic's economy by gradually reducing the monopoly in the commodity and financial markets, increasing the efficiency of the system of giving benefits and preferences, as well as reducing the legislative regulatory system. It is envisaged to fundamentally improve the mutual cooperation of taxpayers in the implementation of tax administration and the fulfillment of republican tax obligations.

Indicators of financial stability of enterprises are considered as one of the important factors in assessing the efficiency of their innovation and investment activities. The financial indicators and the practice of their analysis in assessing the effectiveness of innovation and investment projects of industrial enterprises were clarified in the article. The features of the development of enterprises, the necessity of companies to support their innovative activities, as well as the main reasons for their development at different levels were covered. Indicators of the innovative potential of enterprises were analyzed in sequence. A number of examples were also taken from foreign experience in supporting innovation. In conclusion, a set of measures implemented to improve the efficiency of innovation and investment projects of enterprises was presented.

This article examines the importance of taxes in the economy and the fact that tax debt reduction is one of the most urgent issues in the country today. The views of foreign economists on tax debt reduction were studied. Specific features of tax debt recovery in foreign countries are analyzed. Based on the above-mentioned circumstances, proposals and recommendations have been formulated to reduce tax debt in our country, including improving the practice of its effective collection.

In this article, the processes of globalization and its impact on the country's economic security, as well as internal and external factors that threaten economic security, are thoroughly studied.

This article also examines the impact of the development of the international currency market on the global financial architecture. During the study, various aspects were studied, including the economic essence, theoretical and legal foundations for attracting capital from the international financial market, analysis of the current state of attracting capital, literature analysis, and a research project. As a result of research identified the problems and opportunities associated with the development of the international foreign exchange market. It was determined that in order to develop a more efficient and stable foreign exchange market, it is necessary to strengthen the regulatory framework, increase market transparency, improve risk management practices, and strengthen investor protection measures.

The article analyzes the evolution of financial risk management models in the formation of an investment portfolio. The theory of G. Markowitz, one of the founders of modern portfolio theory, and its main ideas are studied. The scientist who improved the scientific work of Markowitz is the theory of his student W. Sharp, this article discusses this theory and the main differences between them. The “arbitrage pricing theory (APT)” by S. Ross, who made a significant contribution to the portfolio theory, was studied, its differences from other models were analyzed. Nedosekin and Zaichenko, who developed the following portfolio theory, developed “Analysis of a Fuzzy Portfolio Optimization Model”, which is discussed in this article. Models of investment portfolio optimization, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as differences are also compared.

Consumer behavior in banking services has changed significantly due to technological advancements, shifting societal values, and evolving customer expectations. This paper aims to comprehensively understand the theoretical and methodological foundations that underlie these changes. By conducting a literature review, this study examines critical theoretical frameworks, such as the theory of planned behavior, technology acceptance model, and customer engagement theory, which offer insights into the factors influencing consumer behavior in the banking sector. Moreover, it explores methodological approaches, including surveys, interviews, and data analytics, employed to investigate and analyze consumer behavior patterns. By synthesizing existing knowledge, this paper provides valuable insights for academia and industry, helping to shape strategies that effectively adapt to the evolving dynamics of consumer behavior in the banking services market.

The article tried to highlight the reasons and new aspects of the increased importance of improving the system of supporting the positive impact of export and import on economic growth in our country. The characteristics and tasks of using its effective tools and methods are described based on learning the experiences of the world practice of effective foreign economic activity and the modern trends of the mechanism of promoting export and import through taxes. In the socio-economic development prospects of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030, directions for supporting the positive effect of effective export on economic growth are justified.

This article presents the concept of insolvency (bankruptcy) and its content, the definitions of the concept in various scientific publications, the methodology of insolvency analysis, and the relevance of the topic. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Bankruptcy" was repealed and the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Insolvency" was adopted. This Law was developed in accordance with Article 155 of the State Program for 2020. The article describes the foreign models of bankruptcy prediction and the indicators used in them. As a result of the research, was formed the author's approach to preventing insolvency (bankruptcy) and recommendations were developed.

В последние годы подавляющее большинство появляющихся банковских продуктов в контексте цифровизации экономики являются именно цифровыми банковскими продуктами. В статье рассматриваются вопросы формирования предложения по ипотечным ценным бумагам на национальном рынке банковских продуктов. Как наиболее оптимальный способ в этом отношении, ипотечные кредиты с использованием финансовых технологий были обоснованы как способ создания механизма секьюритизации.

This article explores the concept of costs in hotel activities. Features of the hotel's activities are revealed. It is noted that the cost of services provided in accordance with international standards consists of three categories, including direct material costs, direct labor costs and overhead costs. In the process of research, the structure of overhead costs of hotel operations was developed. A three-step methodological procedure for allocating overhead costs to cost objects in hotel operations, a method of costing the cost of one seat in hotel operations, and accounting records for accounting for overhead costs in hotel operations are proposed.

The article discusses the issues of corporate governance, which is one of the relevant directions of modern socio-economic research. Improving the system of corporate governance contributes to enhancing the efficiency of enterprises and expanding their access to external financing, thus being one of the essential conditions for sustainable economic growth of the country. The global experience of food industry enterprises shows that the corporate form of management will contribute to the expansion of the national food market and countering the expansion of large foreign companies.

The article examines the necessity, essence and factors, goals, objectives and problems of managing the practice of taxation of excisable goods at the present stage of economic liberalization. The features of creative approaches to effective measures for managing the practice of taxation of excisable goods in the development of the country are scientifically substantiated, the possibilities of improving the practice of taxation are studied and recommendations are developed.

In this scientific article, we have analyzed the resource base of commercial banks according to the form of ownership. We studied commercial banks by dividing them into two groups, namely banks with state ownership and banks without state ownership. According to the results of the analysis, the growth of liabilities in state owned banks was faster than the growth of deposits. This situation indicates that the government provides cheap resources to the state owned banks. On the contrary, the growth of deposits in non-state owned banks was higher than the growth of total liabilities. As a conclusion, we can say that, firstly, the trust of the population in the banking system is increasing, and secondly, the trust in non-state owned banks has increased more than state owned banks in the banking system.

This article presents ideas and reflections on the main principles and factors of the development of regional tourism services, the role of tourism services in the sustainable development of the economy, the creation of new jobs, as well as the implementation of new types of services, the targeted use of tourist resources, the digitalization of tourism services, the scientific and methodological approaches.

The article includes an interpretation of the improvement of management accounting and analysis by means of advanced technologies. It is explained that advanced analytics tools and techniques are revolutionizing management accounting and analytics, enabling organizations to use large volumes of data to gain insights and make more informed decisions. Opinions of economists and institutes related to the field are presented serially, and conclusions and suggestions are formed at the end of the topic.

In this article, special attention is paid to the regulation of taxation of subsoil users in the Republic of Uzbekistan, ensuring the necessary level of collection of taxes and other mandatory payments, implementation of tax administration of taxpayers and the fundamental improvement of service and technical services on the basis of mutual cooperation in the fulfillment of tax obligations. Taxation of underground entrepreneurs is a complex and difficult area that requires careful consideration and improvement. Provides an overview of issues related to the taxation of underground entrepreneurs and suggests potential areas for improvement. Taxation of underground entrepreneurs is a complex issue that requires deep consideration and improvement. By addressing the issues related to the tax regime, transparency, tax administration and tax incentives, it is possible to create a more favorable and favorable environment for entrepreneurs of underground resources, to promote investment, economic growth and sustainable development of the sector.

In the article, it is discussed and concluded that by improving the practice of checking counterparties and monitoring the activities of taxpayers, tax authorities can increase their ability to identify possible tax evasion cases, ensure fair taxation and ultimately contribute to the overall efficiency of the tax system.

This article discusses some theoretical issues of taxation of digital financial assets. Proposals for taxation of income from operations with cryptocurrency using foreign experience.

The article examines the essence of the institutional structure of the national economy, exogenous and endogenous factors affecting its transformation. The article scientifically substantiates one of the forms of successful cooperation between science, business and the state - innovation clusters and public-private partnership (PPP) as priorities for improving the institutional structure of the economy.

This research paper investigates the relationship between government external debt and economic growth, focusing on its nature and impact. The findings suggest that the nature of government external debt, encompassing its composition, terms, and sustainability, significantly affects its impact on economic growth. Additionally, the analysis examines debt levels, debt service obligations, and the effectiveness of debt management strategies. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications and proposing measures to ensure sustainable debt management practices that foster long-term economic growth.

The article developed proposals and recommendations for improving the organizational and economic mechanisms of risk management at manufacturing enterprises in order to increase production capacity, ensure viability in the manufacturing sector, and properly organize the management process in order to achieve efficiency.

This article has been developed in order to prepare a forecast of resource tax revenues to the State budget and state trust funds (taking into account the principles and practical experience of foreign countries), as well as ensuring the provision of resource tax revenues to the state budget and compliance with tax laws within the framework of the implementation of the state tax policy, aimed at ensuring control over the correct calculation, full and timely payment of taxes and fees.

The article presents an analysis of the peculiarities of entering the information society, the expansion of the base of tax authorities abroad and in our country in the conditions of the digital economy, organizational and functional relations of the participants of the information and communications market.

This article describes large-scale reforms aimed at creating favorable conditions for doing business in the tax and financial sectors, improving the investment climate and further strengthening the confidence of business circles in our republic in recent еars. At the same time, such areas as underground trade and public catering, road transport, housing construction and repair, the provision of personal services were studied, scientific and practical conclusions and proposals were formed on foreign experience and its application in our country.

The article analyzes the issues of increasing the competitiveness of textile enterprises. Also, the assessment of the competitiveness of products is carried out in several stages, including an analysis of the needs and requirements of customers, an analysis of the characteristics and quality of products, comparison with analogues on the market, an analysis of the price and margin of products.

At the current stage of modern economic development, the assessment of factors influencing the development of the labor market in the field of digital technologies, based on various research methods, is the basis for determining the correct strategic directions in the digital economy in the country.
It is acknowledged that one of the main indicators assessing the demand for labor resources in the labor market is the salary of specialists. Consequently, the purpose of our study is to carry out an econometric analysis of the factors affecting the wages of specialists in the field of digital technologies in the regions of Uzbekistan, and develop appropriate conclusions and proposals based on the obtained econometric models.

This article examines issues related to the improvement of taxation of small and medium-sized business entities. Small and medium-sized businesses play an important role in stimulating economic growth, stimulating innovation and creating employment opportunities. However, it aims to identify the main problems faced by small and medium-sized businesses from the point of view of taxation and to propose potential solutions to improve their tax obligations and ease the tax burden. In solving these problems, both local and international experience were taken into account. The results of this study can inform policymakers, tax authorities, and business owners to develop effective strategies for improving the taxation system for small and medium-sized businesses, which will help them grow and contribute to overall economic development. Because with the help of this tax, conclusions and proposals were developed on the results of activities for the purpose of taxation of enterprises.

This scientific article examines the theoretical foundations of the policy in agriculture and improvement of its implementation, the composition and trends of agricultural development, the development of agriculture in Uzbekistan, directions for increasing investment and improving the effectiveness of innovative technologies, prospects for the development of agriculture in the regions in the context of globalization.

Issues of business development in our country are becoming more urgent today than ever before. After all, the rapid development of business activity is an important source of increasing the income of the population and increasing the well-being of the members of the society. Based on this, this article analyzes the work being done on the development of entrepreneurship in our country today.

The article provides a theoretical and practical analysis of the evaluation of the labor activity of employees based on the system of important performance indicators (KPIs) at industrial enterprises of Kashkadarya region, analyzes the material and non-material incentives that affect the system of evaluating the effectiveness of labor activity of employees, the organized labor and management system, as well as staff turnover based on the results of a social survey, considered as the final result, relevant conclusions and proposals have been developed.

In the article, aimed at determining the role of Islamic financial engineering in economic development and macroeconomic indicators, it is the disclosure of the role of the Islamic financial system and other financial systems in the economic activity of countries through modeling.

In the article, a study was conducted on the theoretical issues of the foreign practice of increasing the efficiency of budget expenditures. The studies of economists on the issues of increasing the efficiency of budget expenditures were studied, and the final conclusion was formed at the end of the research.

In the context of the digital economy, the labor market puts forward its new requirements for employers and those who offer their own labor force. One of such requirements is to improve the quality of human capital of enterprises by effectively using digital technologies. Based on this, this article discusses the issues of digital development of human capital.

This article analyzes consistent development of agricultural production, further strengthening the country's food security, reducing cotton seeding lands, establishing intensive orchards (fruit gardens) and improving land reclamation. At the same time, “The New Uzbekistan Development Strategy for 2022-2026” presents conclusions on the tasks to set up agriculture development.

In this article, the study of foreign experiences in the development of regional tourism services, the basic principles and factors of the development of regional tourism services, the role of tourism services in the sustainable development of the economy, the involvement of direct investments in the development of tourism services in regions, the creation of new jobs, as well as the implementation of new types of services, , feedback and feedback on the scientific and methodological approaches to the regulation of the tourism services market are presented.

In the article, a discussion was carried out on the issues of State financial control and its content, as well as its nature, tasks and methods of financial control were discussed, and conclusions and proposals were formulated.

This article presents the scientific and theoretical foundations of risk management mechanisms in the textile industry, as well as highlights the evolutionary changes in aspects and properties studied by world scientists up to the nanoeconomic level.

This article analyzes the development of the service sector in the conditions of the digital economy, the scientific opinions, views and significance of foreign and domestic scientists on the development of the service sector, the development of the service sector by ensuring competitiveness in the service sector, the role of the service sector in the national economy, the areas of ensuring the employment and their well-being

The article discusses theoretical approaches to tax substitution in the formation of the state budget, focusing on the problem of determining the correct ratio of taxes in taxation. A comparative analysis was carried out to determine their optimal ratio. In this regard, conclusions and proposals have been developed on the taxation of the positive activities of enterprises.

The article theoretically examines the importance of the indicator of the tax burden in the economy, the problems of its determination, various opinions of domestic and foreign scientists on determining the optimal levels of the tax burden in the economy, scientific conclusions and proposals are formulated, and directions for calculating the tax burden in legal entities and individuals are provided.