ESG MA’LUMOTLARINI OSHKOR ETISHNING RIVOJLANAYOTGAN IQTISODIYOTLARDA BANK RENTABELLIGI VA BOZOR QIYMATIGA TA’SIRI: O‘ZBEKISTON MISOLIDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60078/2992-877X-2025-vol3-iss12-pp128-146Annotasiya
Ushbu tadqiqot O‘zbekiston misolida Markaziy Osiyoda tez sur’atlar bilan moliyaviy va barqarorlik islohotlarini amalga oshirayotgan, ammo ilmiy jihatdan hali yetarlicha o‘rganilmagan rivojlanayotgan iqtisodiyot sifatida atrof-muhit, ijtimoiy va korporativ boshqaruv (ESG) ma’lumotlarini oshkor etishning bank rentabelligi hamda bozor qiymatiga ta’sirini o‘rganadi. 2015–2024 yillar oralig‘ida faoliyat yuritgan 22 ta tijorat bankining panel ma’lumotlari asosida yillik va barqarorlik hisobotlarining tizimli kontent tahlili orqali maxsus tuzilgan ESG oshkor etish indeksi shakllantirildi. Moliyaviy ko‘rsatkichlar O‘zbekiston Markaziy bankining ochiq ma’lumotlaridan olindi. Bank rentabelligi ko‘rsatkichi sifatida sof foyda marjasi (Net Profit Margin), bozor qiymatini baholash uchun esa Tobin Q koeffitsienti va bozor kapitallashuvi ishlatildi. Endogenlik va kuzatilmaydigan farqlarni hisobga olish maqsadida fiksirlangan ta’sirlar (FE), tasodifiy ta’sirlar (RE) hamda tizimli umumlashtirilgan momentlar usuli (System GMM) modellari qo‘llanildi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, yuqori darajadagi ESG ma’lumotlarini oshkor etish bank rentabelligi bilan ijobiy bog‘liq. Diqqatga sazovor tomoni shundaki, ushbu bog‘liqlik asosan “boshqaruv” (G) komponenti tomonidan shakllanadi, “atrof-muhit” (E) va “ijtimoiy” (S) omillarning esa statistik jihatdan sezilarli ta’siri aniqlanmadi. Bu holat o‘tish davridagi iqtisodiyotlarda ESG o‘lchovlarining kontekstga xos ahamiyatini ta’kidlaydi. Natijalarning ishonchliligi kechiktirilgan modellardan, mulkchilik shakliga qarab sub-namuna tahlillaridan hamda muqobil ESG ko‘rsatkichlaridan foydalangan mustahkamlovchi testlar orqali tasdiqlandi. Tadqiqot shuni ko‘rsatadiki, O‘zbekistonning amaldagi institutsional muhitida korporativ boshqaruv islohotlari faol olib borilayotgan va “yashil moliya” infratuzilmasi endigina shakllanayotgan bir sharoitda kuzatuv kengashi faoliyati, risklarni boshqarish va korrupsiyaga qarshi mexanizmlar bo‘yicha oshkoralik operatsion samaradorlikni hamda manfaatdor tomonlar ishonchini oshiradi, bu esa sof foyda marjasining o‘sishiga olib keladi. Mazkur tadqiqot Markaziy Osiyoda ESG va moliya o‘rtasidagi bog‘liqlik bo‘yicha mavjud ilmiy adabiyotlarni boyitadi hamda ESG komponentlarining moliyaviy ahamiyatiga oid umumiy yondashuvlarni qayta ko‘rib chiqishga turtki beradi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, islohotlarning dastlabki bosqichidagi iqtisodiyotlarda “boshqaruv” komponenti eng muhim moliyaviy ahamiyatga ega bo‘lgan ustun hisoblanadi. Ushbu xulosalar tartibga soluvchilar, bank menejerlari va xalqaro investorlar uchun muhim amaliy ahamiyatga ega: ishonchli boshqaruvga oid ma’lumotlarni oshkor etishni ustuvor yo‘nalish sifatida belgilash moliyaviy natijalarni yaxshilash va bozor legitimligini mustahkamlashning samarali strategik yo‘lidir. O‘zbekistonning “Yashil iqtisodiyot rivojlanishi bo‘yicha milliy strategiyasi”ni amalga oshirish jarayonida ushbu tadqiqot bank sektorida ESG integratsiyasini bosqichma-bosqich va institutsional xususiyatlarni inobatga olgan holda yo‘lga qo‘yish uchun empirik asos yaratadi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
ESG ma’lumotlarini oshkor etish bank rentabellig sof foyda marjasi boshqaruv (G) komponenti rivojlanayotgan iqtisodiyotlar barqaror moliya moliyaviy samaradorlik korporativ boshqaru yashil bank ishBibliografik manbalar
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