The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of digitalization on tourism education and how it enhances workforce competencies for the digital age. A quantitative methodology was employed, utilizing an online survey distributed to 62 respondents, including students, teachers, and professionals in tourism, to gather insights on digital skills and educational adaptations in the sector. The findings reveal that digitalization has significantly transformed tourism education, with respondents emphasizing the importance of digital tools, AI, and personalized services.

The originality of this study lies in its exploration of emerging digital competencies required in the tourism workforce and its contribution to understanding how educational institutions can adapt to the evolving digital demands. It highlights the need for continuous skill development, digital literacy, and the integration of advanced technologies in tourism education to ensure competitiveness in the modern industry.

This article analyzes the development of the tourism industry, starting from the earliest times, in stages. For this purpose, the most developed points of the world in ancient times were studied, like Mesopotamia, the Nile and Indus valleys, China, ancient Greece and Rome. The historical state of tourism in each of these countries was studied and compared. In addition, factors that directly and indirectly influenced the development of tourism in ancient times were studied. Key innovations that have made a significant contribution to the development of tourism and society were also considered a relevant topic

In this аrticlе, оn thе bаsis оf thе clustеr аpprоаch, аn аnаlуsis оf fаctоrs аffеcting thе dеvеlоpmеnt оf innоvаtivе аctivitу аnd cоmpеtitivеnеss оf thе sоciаl tоurism sеctоr, fеаturеs оf businеss еnvirоnmеnt аnd businеss cоnduct fоr its individuаl оrgаnizаtiоns аnd institutiоns frоm thе dеvеlоpmеnt оf thе sоciаl tоurist clustеr, rеductiоn оf оpеrаting cоsts, flехibilitу аnd cоmpеtitivеnеss in thе fоrmаtiоn аnd rеаlizаtiоn оf а tоurist prоduct, intеgrаtiоn intо thе tоurism clustеr wаs rеcоmmеndеd tо еntеrprisеs tо dеvеlоp аnd usе in prаcticе intеllеctuаl prоducts prоducеd bу еducаtiоnаl аnd sciеntific institutiоns within thе clustеr, tо аssеss thе cоmpеtitivеnеss оf clustеrs in vаriоus wауs, аnd а prоcеss-оriеntеd mоdеl оf thе clustеr's innоvаtivе аctivitу.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the main resources in the innovative development of tourism infrastructure. Tourism infrastructure plays an important role in improving the economy and international image of countries. The article considers the main factors in the innovative development of tourism infrastructure, such as digital platforms and mobile applications, IoT (Internet of Things) technologies, financial resources, education and training systems, and organizational resources.

This scientific article emphasises the importance of the tourism industry in the economy of Uzbekistan, summarises current initiatives, current trends, economic indicators, and considers the problems of turning green tourism into a highly profitable sector of the economy, improving the development of the potential of green tourism in New Uzbekistan.

This article examines the priority directions for enhancing the tourism potential of Navoi region, Uzbekistan. It analyzes the current state of tourism infrastructure, digital transformation processes, and principles of sustainable tourism. Based on a cluster approach, digital innovation and green economy principles, scientific recommendations were developed to increase regional competitiveness and ensure efficient use of resources. The results provide a basis for strategic planning and sustainable tourism policy in the Navoi region.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the need to modernize the tourism services management system in Uzbekistan and identifies key challenges along with strategic directions for improvement. The study employs statistical analysis, comparative analysis, the TOWS matrix, and content analysis methods. The findings reveal that the sector still faces several critical issues, including institutional fragmentation, weak digital integration, uneven service quality across regions, limited staff qualifications, and insufficient marketing effectiveness. Furthermore, the research highlights that the development of smart tourism, implementation of digital platforms, adoption of international service quality standards, and increased involvement of local communities are crucial factors for modernizing the sector. The article proposes comprehensive solutions and serves as a valuable academic source for policymakers seeking to enhance tourism management in Uzbekistan

The tourism industry is highly dependent on the skills of the workforce and the quality of their service in providing excellent services and experiences to travelers. Therefore, a solid system of personnel training is important to ensure that employees have the necessary skills and knowledge to meet the changing demands of the tourism industry, international standards, and the needs of tourists. However, various factors can affect the effectiveness of such training programs. In this research, several aspects that can affect the quality of the personnel training system in the field of tourism are studied. Based on empirical evidence and theoretical foundations, the article provides insights and recommendations on opportunities and strategies to optimize and modernize training systems to improve employee performance and organizational success in the tourism industry.

This article examines the issues of improving mechanisms for effective management of tourism services. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations and practical significance of institutional, economic, strategic, organizational, digital, marketing, monitoring, human resource, and sustainable development mechanisms in managing the tourism services market. Based on the case of Uzbekistan, the findings reveal that scientific research mainly focuses on institutional and economic mechanisms, while digital management, monitoring, and sustainability aspects remain insufficiently explored. The study substantiates the need for an integrated management approach and proposes scientifically grounded conclusions and practical recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of tourism services management.

The article examines the tourism potential of the region, its current state, problems and innovative ways to solve them. Recommendations for the development of tourism are given based on foreign experience and the latest statistical data. It is emphasized that the tourism potential of Navoi region can be further developed through innovative approaches such as smart tourism, ecotourism, and cultural tourism.

This article provides a systematic analysis of the socio-economic significance of tourism digitalization in Uzbekistan. Drawing on the international experiences of South Korea, Singapore, Estonia, Spain, and Turkey, the study examines the impact of digital solutions such as smart tourism, e-visa systems, online booking platforms, digital marketing, and electronic payments on tourism development. The paper also evaluates recent trends in Uzbekistan’s digital infrastructure, electronic services coverage, tourist flows, and tourism exports. Comparative analysis reveals that effective use of ICT substantially enhances tourism efficiency, service quality, employment opportunities, and overall economic activity. The article concludes with recommendations aimed at further strengthening the digital transformation of the tourism sector.

This article is devoted to the features of tourism infrastructure management, the features of using tourism enterprise management, tourism center management, public management, cooperative management, regional management, as well as management models of international corporations in tourism infrastructure management.

This scientific article highlights the prospects for developing the potential of ecological tourism in Uzbekistan, the importance of the tourism industry in the economy of Uzbekistan, summarises current initiatives, current trends, economic indicators, and considers ways of turning ecotourism into a highly profitable sector of the economy of Uzbekistan.

This scientific study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of tax incentives and subsidy policies in the development of the hotel industry in Uzbekistan and South Korea. The work comprehensively studies the methods of financial stimulation of the hotel sector, their impact on investment attractiveness and regional economic 

growth based on the experience of the two countries. The main objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of economic instruments that support the development of the hotel industry, in particular, through tax incentives and state subsidies. At the same time, the practical results of public-private partnership mechanisms are also evaluated based on empirical evidence. During the study, the relative advantages of the effectiveness of financial approaches used in Uzbekistan and South Korea are determined; The impact of tax and subsidy policies on reducing interregional disparities and increasing tourism potential is assessed; An incentive model adapted for Uzbekistan, based on international best practices, is developed. This study is of practical and theoretical importance for economists, analysts, tourism decision-makers, investment policymakers, as well as postgraduate researchers. The study not only highlights existing economic and institutional problems, but also puts forward scientifically based proposals for their solution. Therefore, this work serves as a reliable source for creating a sustainable tourism policy. The scientific novelty of the study is the first systematic comparative analysis of the practice of applying tax incentives and subsidies in the hotel industry of Uzbekistan and South Korea. This work identifies the impact of tax incentives on criteria such as investment activity, regional development, and service quality. In addition, an incentive model adapted to national conditions and focused on economic efficiency was developed, and practical recommendations were given for the development of tourism infrastructure based on public-private partnerships.

This article scientifically substantiates the objective necessity of organizing tourism services and reveals their socio-economic essence. The role of the tourism sector in the national economy, its share in the services market, and its importance in increasing employment are analyzed. In addition, the opportunities for increasing national income, developing regional infrastructure, creating new jobs, and improving the living standards of the population through the effective organization of tourism services are examined. The article also highlights the social significance of tourism as a factor of intercultural dialogue, the enhancement of the cultural and spiritual level of the population, and the role of innovative approaches aimed at sustainable tourism development. The study identifies the priority directions in the organization of tourism services and develops recommendations for their improvement.

Tourism is a labor-intensive industry that provides diversified employment in many different sectors of the economy, as it includes various types of economic activities that create a common tourism product. Our task in this article is to study international recommendations and explore the impact of tourism on the employment market and vice versa the employment market on tourism, as well as to offer a number of recommendations for improving the methodology for accounting of employment in the tourism sector.

This article explores the essence of service quality in the tourism sector, the factors influencing it, and its strategic importance for tourism companies. The evolution of the concept of service quality, its theoretical foundations, and key frameworks, such as the SERVQUAL model, are analyzed in detail. The paper highlights the cultural, social, and technological dimensions of service quality, as well as the role of human emotions and the integration of modern technologies in its enhancement. The review of theoretical and empirical literature suggests that improving service quality is vital for achieving sustainable development in the tourism sector.

The purpose of this article is to identify the potential for the development of gastronomic tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan based on the analysis of statistical data. Research methods include statistical data analysis, SWOT analysis. The results of the study. Uzbekistan has a rich potential for the development of gastronomic tourism, due to its unique cuisine, historical and cultural heritage, as well as a favorable climate. Gastronomic tourism in Uzbekistan is at the stage of development, but shows positive growth dynamics. The share of income from gastronomic tourism in the total GDP of Uzbekistan is about 2%. The problems hindering the development of gastronomic tourism include a lack of infrastructure, a shortage of qualified personnel, and limited information for foreign tourists. It has been revealed that gastronomic tourism can become one of the leading directions of the tourism industry in Uzbekistan, subject to state support and competent management. For the development of gastronomic tourism, it is necessary to develop tourist infrastructure; improve the skills of personnel; actively promote the gastronomic potential of Uzbekistan on the international market; develop new gastronomic routes; preserve and popularize traditional recipes and cooking technologies.

This article explores South Korea’s advanced experience in developing tourism infrastructure and analyzes its potential sustainable applications in the context of Uzbekistan. The research focuses on key aspects such as public-private partnerships, the implementation of digital technologies, ensuring environmental sustainability, and systematic development of tourist destinations in South Korea. It is argued that adapting these practices to Uzbekistan’s conditions could lead to long-term and sustainable growth in the national tourism sector. The article concludes with practical recommendations and modern infrastructural approaches for Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes the current state and trends of investment in tourism in Uzbekistan. The volumes and sources of investment in tourism, their role in developing tourism infrastructure and improving the quality of services are considered. Aspects such as domestic and foreign investment in the industry, government policy and the impact of economic factors on the tourism sector were also studied.

The article discusses the current situation and main trends in the field of financing tourism organizations in Uzbekistan. Both state and private sources of financing were analyzed, special attention was paid to the issues of preferential lending, tax incentives, and subsidizing projects aimed at the development of tourism infrastructure. The article identifies the main problems facing the tourism sector and suggests ways to overcome them based on the analysis of successful practices and strategies.

This article analyzes the current state of attracting investments, loans, and financial resources for the development of the tourism sector in the Khorezm region. In particular, it examines the main challenges in financing, collateral security, infrastructure shortages, and legal barriers. Moreover, special attention is given to ecological aspects, sustainable tourism, green technologies, and ecotourism opportunities. Based on descriptive, comparative, ecological, and SWOT analyses, strategic proposals have been developed to address key issues, leverage opportunities, and promote sustainable tourism development.

This article was examined the importance of digitization of the tourism sector in the world, the use of modern mobile devices for making tourist payments. Also, the role of the largest mobile payment service providers and mobile payment service providers in the field of modern tourism has been implemented.

This article analyzes the development of gastronomic tourism in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, exploring its potential, current conditions for the tourism sector, Karakalpak gastronomic tourism resources, as well as the development of gastronomic tours and creation of tourist programs for the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The main focus is on promoting national dishes related to Karakalpak gastronomic tourism resources, incorporating them into tourism programs, and attracting tourists. Additionally, factors influencing the development of Karakalpak gastronomic tourism and some recommendations are discussed. Furthermore, based on research, the author has designed a 4-night, 5-day tour titled "Kingdom of Fortresses-Karakalpakstan" along with its cost calculation.

This article analyzes the current state of tourism services export in the Republic of Uzbekistan using statistical methods. It examines export data from 2018 to 2024, focusing on key service types and regional trends. The results show that tourism services rank second among all service exports and are predominantly oriented toward neighboring CIS countries. The research employs SWOT, structural, comparative, and time–series analysis. Based on the findings, the paper presents recommendations to boost tourism exports by improving infrastructure, leveraging digital marketing, enhancing regional diversification, and utilizing informal institutions.