This article examines the key policy decisions related to the tax base and rates of real estate tax, as well as the important tax administration functions–valuation, calculation, and collection. It also focuses on reforming both the traditional annual property tax (levied on the assessed value of buildings and land plots) and transaction taxes (collected as a tax or state fee [stamp duty] upon the transfer of real estate ownership). The article provides proposals and recommendations for successfully implementing real estate tax reforms and improving tax administration. Based on the analysis of scholarly literature and international experience, detailed recommendations are offered on the practical aspects of reforming real estate taxes in Uzbekistan.

This article discusses issues of expanding the tax base, issues of effective use, improving mechanisms for their identification, as well as eliminating violations when tax authorities use tax administration tools, and timely disclosure of tax evasion schemes. Scientific and practical conclusions and proposals for further optimization of tax administration and elimination of contradictions in regulatory documents have been developed

This article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the property tax system, its object and base, and highlights the important aspects and specific features of property tax in developed countries and in Uzbekistan. Also, directions for increasing property tax collectability and optimization of the property tax object, base and property tax mechanism in Uzbekitan were mentioned.

This article discusses the occurrence of tax debts of legal entities and
individuals, the declaration of their total annual income, the problems that arise when collecting
the amount of debt on property and land taxes at the expense of their property, as well as a
proposal on how to eliminate it, the procedure for digitizing the tax debt collection mechanism is
shown.

The article examines the issues of modeling the impact of property taxation on macroeconomic indicators. The characteristics of property tax modeling, methods for assessing tax potential, and their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. Foreign experience in examining the role of property taxes has been studied, and approaches divided into three groups have been systematized. Based on the results of research on the impact of property tax on macroeconomic indicators, proposals and recommendations have been developed.

This article examines the improvement of the taxation mechanism on the property of individuals. In developed countries, property tax on individuals plays a significant role in local budget revenues and holds great importance. When enhancing the property taxation mechanism, it is essential to consider this tax not only as a fiscal instrument but also as a vital tool for ensuring social equity. Based on the analysis conducted, relevant conclusions and recommendations have been formed for improving property taxation on individuals

In this article, improvement of tax collection mechanism, improvement of service and education of taxpayers, simplification of tax system and procedures, development of effective communication channels between taxpayers and tax authorities, improvement of tax collection mechanisms. In addition, the theoretical and practical aspects of the trends in the development of relations that the formation of trust and perception of justice and the use of effective coercive measures increase compliance.

This article analyzes the importance of property tax, which is one of the most important sources of income in the financing of the local budget in the stabilization of the state budget, the possibilities of foreign experience in further improving the mechanism for calculating property tax.

Due to the rapid development of digital infrastructure in Uzbekistan, the landscape of tax debt collection is changing. Explores the evolving mechanism used by tax authorities to collect tax debts and highlights the impact of digitization on efficiency, transparency and compliance. By analyzing the current state of digital infrastructure and its integration into tax collection processes, it illuminates the opportunities and challenges that arise in a dynamic environment.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical, methodological, and institutional aspects of implementing a mass property valuation system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study substantiates the limitations of traditional cadastral valuation methods in an economy based on market mechanisms and reveals the necessity of introducing a transparent and automated mass valuation system aligned with international best practices. The paper presents a comparative analysis of individual and mass valuation approaches, highlighting their role in tax base formation and functional differences. The advantages of using GIS technologies, mathematical and statistical models, large-scale data (Big Data), and multiplicative valuation models in the mass valuation process are demonstrated. In addition, ongoing reforms, the regulatory and legal framework, institutional structures, and step-by-step implementation mechanisms of the valuation system are analyzed. The research findings contribute to fair and economically justified property tax assessment, stabilization of budget revenues, and increased transparency in the real estate market.

In the case of processing of extracted natural gas, oil, and gas condensate, the tax base is realized and expanded, effective organization of tax control of large taxpayers in the field of oil, gas, fuel, and energy industry. Issues, scientific proposals, and recommendations for solving the problem of taxation have been developed.

The article describes the tax system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the changes made to the tax legislation. The personal income tax and its change indicators for 2022-2023 were studied by the author. Ways of economic-analytical comparison with the tax system of foreign countries are highlighted.

This article is devoted to the role of indirect taxes in the tax policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the analysis of data obtained from practice, conclusions and proposals are given for optimizing the shares of direct, indirect, resource fees and property taxes in tax revenues.

This article examines the fundamental role of property valuation in the taxation process. A detailed analysis of the methods and approaches used to determine the value of real estate objects, which form the basis for tax calculations, is presented. The differences between individual and mass valuation, their application depending on the volume and quality of information, and the impact of these approaches on the accuracy of tax obligations are discussed.

The study also explores challenges and perspectives associated with valuation methods and their application, emphasizing the importance of reliable and up-to-date information for ensuring the fairness and efficiency of the tax system. Special attention is paid to issues of tax system financing and the role of local budgets in this process. The research aims to improve the relationship between real estate valuation and tax regulation, as well as to identify potential ways to optimize processes for enhancing their transparency and fairness.

The article critically examines the theoretical aspects, types, importance of taxation of natural resources and property, and its actual status in budget revenues, and the author's opinions on their elimination are presented.

This article evaluates the role of private property in the development of the national economy of Uzbekistan, examines the status of private sector entities, development trends, and conducts a comparative analysis of their investment activity. The article investigates the principles, characteristics, and implementation stages of privatization of state property in the country, as well as the content, structure, and improvement of economic reforms aimed at supporting the sector. It also explores the factors of private property development, prospects for structural development, and provides scientific proposals and practical recommendations focused on ensuring sustainable economic development through the digitalization of small businesses and private entrepreneurship.

This article discusses measures aimed at stimulating economic growth, controlling inflation, and stabilizing the economy through the extremely important role of fiscal policy in ensuring economic stability, fiscal policy, public debt, tax levels, and public expenditure and revenue management.

In the article, at the current stage of the liberalization and modernization of the economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the impact of taxes on the financial and economic activity of enterprises and the new content and importance of its effective management, priority tasks and specific features are scientifically justified.

In the article, the composition of local budget revenues, the role of land tax, which is considered as a local tax, in the budget-tax policy, scientific and theoretical views on the formation of local budget revenues, as well as the organizational, legal and financial foundations of the formation of local budget revenues, the existing land tax in the conditions of tax reforms carried out in our republic today, in particular, the characteristics of these taxes, the experience of foreign countries in order to further improve the effective and productive use of land.

In this article, the economic importance of real estate, the fact that real estate taxation increases the competitiveness of property and has an important place in determining the tax base, are developed based on the analysis, and relevant recommendations are developed.

The article analyzes the sources of revenue of the state and local budgets, the changes in their relative proportions, and their share in the structure of the state budget. The dynamics of changes in real estate values, as well as the share of property and land taxes in local budget revenues, are examined. During the research process, the relationship between tax revenues and budget stability was analyzed based on statistical data. The article develops scientifically grounded proposals aimed at strengthening the revenue base of local budgets and improving the taxation system.

In this article, the economic importance of real estate, the fact that real estate taxation increases the competitiveness of property and has an important place in determining the tax base, are developed based on the analysis, and relevant recommendations are developed.

This article highlights the significance of land and property taxes levied on individuals in the socio-economic development of mahallas in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the processes related to the implementation of the newly introduced mahalla budget mechanism in practice. Additionally, recommendations have been developed for increasing the revenues of mahalla budgets through taxation, which are expected to play an important role in reducing economic inequality between mahallas, addressing social issues of the population, and solving problems related to regional infrastructure.

This article examined the issue of regulating the population's income using fiscal instruments. The study examined theoretical and empirical scientific literature on assessing the impact of taxes on reducing income inequality. The article also analyzes the structure of population income and the impact of fiscal instruments on income inequality. A regression analysis of factors influencing the uneven distribution of population income (Gini coefficient) was conducted. As a result of the research and analysis, conclusions were drawn about the regulation of population incomes by fiscal instruments.

This article analyzes the main directions for fundamentally improving the investment climate in Uzbekistan. In particular, it emphasizes the importance of such factors as strengthening and stabilizing the legislative framework, providing reliable guarantees of investors’ property rights, combating corruption, and reducing administrative barriers. It also examines issues related to offering tax and customs benefits, deepening public-private partnership (PPP) and privatization processes, modernizing transport and energy infrastructure, training qualified personnel, pursuing digital transformation, and expanding international trade cooperation. It is noted that comprehensive and consistent measures in these areas constitute one of the key prerequisites for enhancing the business environment in Uzbekistan, increasing trust among both foreign and local investors, as well as ensuring economic growth and the welfare of the population.