This study examines the impact of the relationship between bank assets and liabilities on bank profitability, highlighting the critical role of effective asset-liability management in financial performance. Banks generate income primarily through interest earned on assets such as loans and investments, while liabilities, including deposits and borrowings, represent the cost of funds. The balance between these two elements determines net interest income (NII) and net interest margin (NIM), both key indicators of profitability. Factors such as interest rate spreads, asset quality, maturity mismatches, and liquidity management significantly influence the bank’s profitability. A well-managed asset-liability mix enhances income stability and reduces risks associated with interest rate fluctuations and liquidity constraints. Conversely, poor management can lead to reduced margins, increased risk exposure, and potential financial instability. Understanding and optimizing the interplay between assets and liabilities is essential for banks to maximize profitability, manage risks, and sustain long-term growth in a competitive and regulated environment. From this point of view, in this article, I tried to reveal the importance of the net interest margin in increasing the profitability of the bank, as well as the state of management of bank assets and liabilities in the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan and its effect on the efficiency of the banking system.

Ensuring the quality of asset portfolios of commercial banks, the need to ensure their financial stability and liquidity is considered one of the current issues. In this scientific article, an attempt was made to develop a scientific proposal and practical recommendations on ways to increase the efficiency of the assets of commercial banks.

In the article, the structure of assets in commercial banks and their grouping, the reasons for the emergence of problem assets and the internal and external factors affecting their emergence, based on their analysis, are studied. Also, the signs that lead to acceptable loans in the lending process of banks are also covered.

This article examines the issues of accounting for financial assets and financial liabilities in higher education institutions. Based on the requirements of the Budget Accounting Standard No-2 of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the current procedures for accounting tuition fee revenues, settlements with students, receivables and payables, as well as financial obligations are analyzed. The study identifies practical problems faced by higher education institutions, including financial losses related to bank commission fees and inconsistencies in data between the billing and UzASBO systems. In order to address these issues, proposals have been developed to improve the mechanism for covering bank commissions, establish a unified payment platform, integrate information systems, and strengthen internal control and audit mechanisms.

The article is aimed at increasing the efficiency and strengthening the financial stability of commercial banks of Uzbekistan, analyzing the main factors influencing the return on assets (ROA) indicator. Based on data from the Central Bank, the growth of the loan portfolio and the increase in the share of loans from individuals were analyzed. The article substantiates the need for strict management of credit risks, optimization of interest margins, optimization of operating expenses through digital technologies, and strategic diversification of assets through securities as the main drivers of increasing operational efficiency.

In the article, the analysis of the practical situation of the financial indicators directly and indirectly affecting the lending mechanism is carried out on the example of a foreign commercial bank, and the results are highlighted. In particular, scientific conclusions were formed by analyzing the 10-year dynamics of commercial banks' composition of assets and liabilities, profitability of assets and capital, structure of bank income.

This article analyzes the directions of increasing economic efficiency by transforming Joint Stock Companies. The indicators of economic efficiency were explained by the growth of bank assets, population deposits and loan investments

This article is dedicated to the financial analysis of Uzbekistan's banking sector, examining its current state, identifying challenges and shortcomings. The economic efficiency of banks in Uzbekistan is analyzed using examples of both state-owned and private financial institutions. The study explores the dominant market position of major state-owned banks, their share of assets and liabilities, as well as profitability indicators. Key issues and deficiencies hindering the development of the banking sector are also analyzed.

The article describes the importance of the KPI system in increasing the profitability of commercial banks in ouг republic, the reasons for its emergence, the need to use and improve the KPI system, the impact of the KPI system on increasing the volume of income-generating assets of the bank and reducing problem loans.

This paper analyzes the structure of assets that ensure the stability of commercial banks and the factors affecting them using econometric methods. The main purpose of the study was to study such factors as the quality of banks' assets, liquidity indicators, the structure of the loan portfolio, as well as external economic factors. The results obtained using econometrics methods help commercial banks make important decisions to improve their sustainability. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that it serves as a methodological basis for the formation of strategies aimed at the development of banking activities.

This article carried out scientific and theoretical views of foreign and domestic scientists on the development of banking activities as a result of factors of formation of digital assets, improving the circulation of digital assets, scientific and theoretical analysis of data on the management of digital assets in commercial banks.

The Islamic finance industry resiliently grew by 17% in 2021, reaching nearly US$4 trillion in total assets. The growth was evident across sectors including Islamic banking, Sukuk, Islamic funds, and other financial institutions. Notably, Islamic banking, comprising 70% of assets, expanded due to government support, operational efficiency, and strong demand. Net income surged by 290%, while average return on assets also increased. The rise of fully digital Islamic banks globally and responses to the LIBOR transition, such as Malaysia's MYOR-i and Oman's Islamic money market instruments, highlighted industry innovation. Efforts to enhance sustainability, governance, knowledge, and awareness through the Islamic Finance Development Indicator (IFDI) underscore industry progress, positioning Islamic finance for continued growth and innovation.

The Islamic finance industry resiliently grew by 17% in 2021, reaching nearly US$4 trillion in total assets. The growth was evident across sectors including Islamic banking, Sukuk, Islamic funds, and other financial institutions. Notably, Islamic banking, comprising 70% of assets, expanded due to government support, operational efficiency, and strong demand. Net income surged by 290%, while average return on assets also increased. The rise of fully digital Islamic banks globally and responses to the LIBOR transition, such as Malaysia's MYOR-i and Oman's Islamic money market instruments, highlighted industry innovation. Efforts to enhance sustainability, governance, knowledge, and awareness through the Islamic Finance Development Indicator (IFDI) underscore industry progress, positioning Islamic finance for continued growth and innovation.

The article examines the essence of digital assets and their types, the role of the development of digital technologies, analyzes the main advantages and risks associated with the introduction of digital assets into circulation, draws conclusions and proposals for the effective development of the banking system in the context of further digitalization of the economy.

This article examines the role of investment portfolio management in the effective management of bank financial resources, the state of investment portfolios of commercial banks and their impact on asset liquidity. According to the research materials and methods, the definitions and opinions given by a number of foreign and domestic economists-scientists on the topic were studied, and the author explained their meaning. In addition, the article provides proposals and practical recommendations for the development of a draft regulatory legal document on the management of financial resources of commercial banks of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and the development of a program of measures aimed at managing assets in commercial banks.

The article presents the experience of ICBC Bank of China, one of the economically developed countries, in the formation and management of the revenue base of commercial banks.

The article identifies and evaluates the emergence of financial stability in banks and its specific characteristics. Scientific studies by local and foreign scholars on this category have been examined and systematized. The perspectives of scholars regarding indicators such as capital adequacy and liquidity in ensuring financial stability have been analyzed. Based on the research, scientific conclusions and recommendations have been developed.

The article analyzes the dynamics of the credit activity of JSCB "Microcreditbank", one of the commercial banks in the national economy, including the volume of loans and their share in the structure of assets, as well as the comparative status of assets and deposits and loans, the structure of loans by sectors of the economy, and the structure of general loans by preferential and commercial loans, as well as by individuals and legal entities, in 2020-2024. At the same time, conclusions are drawn and proposals are developed, having studied the theoretical and methodological aspects of the research direction.

This article analyzes the return on assets (ROA) indicator in determining the efficiency of commercial banks in Uzbekistan. Bank efficiency is important for the stability of the financial system and economic growth. The study analyzed the activities of commercial banks in the country in 1999-2023 based on statistical data, and also examined the differences in efficiency levels depending on the type of ownership of banks. Although the ROA of state-owned banks was low compared to private and foreign banks, private banks showed the highest level of efficiency. In addition, it was noted that the instability of banking activities and the impact of the pandemic negatively affected efficiency. The results of the study make it possible to offer practical recommendations for improving the activities of commercial banks and the efficient use of resources.

This research investigates the function of corporate governance in enhancing the application of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) within Uzbekistan’s commercial banking industry. This research employs secondary data from sustainability reports, annual disclosures, and publications by the Central Bank of Uzbekistan and international financial institutions to critically examine the impact of governance structures-such as board independence, gender diversity, and oversight committees-on ESG integration and financial stability. The results show that more and more Uzbek banks are reporting on ESG issues. In 2019, just two banks did this, but by 2024, eight banks will be doing it. Banks with boards that are more independent and diverse show far better ESG performance and financial strength, which is shown by greater returns on assets and fewer loans that are not performing. The paper also points out ongoing problems, such as a lack of ESG knowledge, no standardised reporting standards, and uneven policy implementation. The study finds that corporate governance is both a base and a force behind sustainable finance. To bring Uzbekistan's banking practices in line with global sustainability standards, it calls for a national ESG disclosure standard, more accountability at the board level, and stronger institutional capacity building.

The article describes the concept of "bank control", its essence, economic importance, international bank control, world experience, the banking system and control procedures in our republic have improved over the years. Conclusions are presented at the end of the article.

in the article, the investment activity of the investment bank, investment assets, the approach of the investment bank to the investment activity, the invectation of the securities, and the investment protection of the investment bank are explained in the article.

The article describes the theoretical and practical aspects of the role of financial indicators of banks in the implementation of effective lending mechanisms in commercial banks. In particular, the composition of assets and liabilities of commercial banks, the profitability of assets and capital, the 10-year dynamics of problem loans in commercial banks and their share, as well as the 10-year dynamics of the amount of reserves created for them, were formed.

This article highlights the factors contributing to the emergence of non-performing loans in commercial banks and their impact on the quality of bank assets. The study systematically analyzes the micro and macro factors leading to the formation of non-performing loans. In addition, strategies aimed at the effective management of non-performing loans and the mitigation of their negative consequences are examined. The article emphasizes that the increase in non-performing loans directly undermines the financial stability and profitability of banks. Therefore, the role of specialized departments, the assessment of borrowers’ financial condition, and restructuring mechanisms are of crucial importance in managing such loans.

In this article, proposals have been developed to identify and solve the problems of accounting and auditing obligations in the activities of commercial banks of the republic, the optimal level of formation of banking obligations as a result of accounting obligations in the country's banks based on international standards, the organization of accounting obligations in banks that comply with international banking practice, improving accounting.
Proper organization of accounting of liabilities in commercial banks ensures the effective functioning and economic stability of commercial banks. The main part of the liabilities of the balance sheet of commercial banks are liabilities, which amount to almost 85-90%. This article describes the research aimed at developing a methodology for the correct accounting of bank liabilities in commercial banks. Proposals and recommendations on this issue have been accepted for use in the development of accounting policy in the “National Bank of Foreign Economic Activity of the RU”. As a result of the research, the author has developed recommendations for the organization of accounting for liabilities in commercial banks.