This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the state and structure of the government securities market in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the period 2018–2024, focusing on demand and placement trends. Government bonds are considered a key element of the financial system and play an important role in mobilizing both domestic and foreign investment resources. Particular attention is given to identifying institutional and structural constraints hindering the full development of this financial market segment. These include the limited range of available debt instruments, low liquidity in the secondary market, a predominance of short-term bonds, and the absence of flexible instruments such as floating-rate bonds. The study argues that the establishment of a fully functional, multi-level infrastructure for the circulation of government bonds requires the introduction of innovative instruments, including indexed, "green," and social bonds, which could enhance the sustainability of budget financing and strengthen the investment climate. It concludes that the development of the government bond market is of strategic importance for ensuring budgetary stability and increasing the transparency of public debt policy.

The efficiency of public procurement activities of government customers is a key factor in ensuring the rational use of budgetary funds and improving the effectiveness of the public finance system. In the context of the digital transformation of the economy and the increasing complexity of the institutional environment, there is a growing need for a comprehensive evaluation of procurement activities that takes into account not only financial outcomes but also process-related, human resource, and strategic aspects. This article examines theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of public procurement activities of government customers. Based on an analysis of international research, the necessity of moving from narrowly focused financial criteria toward a multidimensional system of indicators integrating economic, process, institutional, and labor-related parameters is substantiated. Particular attention is paid to indicators characterizing operating costs, labor productivity of procurement units, as well as the structure and concentration of suppliers.

The proposed system of indicators makes it possible to identify reserves for improving procurement efficiency, optimize the use of financial and human resources, and enhance the transparency and manageability of procurement processes. The results of the study may be used by government customers in the development of key performance indicators (KPIs), the improvement of monitoring mechanisms, and the formulation of strategies for the development of the public procurement system

This article analyzes the relationship between poverty levels, government expenditures, and GDP per capita in Uzbekistan. The study applies trend analysis based on statistical data and conducts a comparative analysis with Central Asian countries. The results show that economic growth and socially oriented fiscal policy are important factors in reducing poverty. At the same time, it is found that the effectiveness of fiscal policy depends on the structure and allocation of government expenditures. The findings are important for developing effective economic policy measures aimed at poverty reduction

In recent years, as a result of the wide implementation of digital technologies in the public administration system of Uzbekistan, the e-government infrastructure has been gradually formed.  The purpose of the research is to identify the efficiency factors of digital transformation in public services and to assess its economic and organizational impact. The methodology employs systematic, comparative, and trend analysis approaches based on open data from 2017-2024 to analyze Uzbekistan’s digital development indicators. The results show that while the expansion of electronic services has increased transparency and convenience of governance, digital inequality across regions and the shortage of qualified personnel continue to limit overall efficiency. Based on the experiences of Korea, Denmark, and Finland, the study recommends innovative governance approaches suitable for Uzbekistan

This article explores the practices of program-targeted and performance-based budgeting in the countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It examines the approaches used by various governments to improve the efficiency and transparency of the budgetary process. Particular attention is given to the interconnection between the development of government programs, the system of performance evaluation, and managerial decision-making. The paper analyzes both successful implementation examples and existing limitations of these mechanisms. The study concludes on the importance of adapting international experience in the context of modernizing the budgetary systems of countries with transitional economies.

This article analyzes the current state and development trends of the children's toy industry in Uzbekistan and globally. It examines import volumes, market share, the potential of local manufacturers, and the growing demand for STEM and interactive toys. The study highlights the high dependency on foreign products, provides statistical insights, and evaluates government support measures for the sector. Key challenges and promising growth opportunities are identified through market dynamics and recent data.

The analysis of factors influencing the investment attractiveness of the regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan includes the study of economic, social, and infrastructure indicators. Among the key factors are the availability of developed infrastructure, access to resources, government support, and the level of urbanization. The development of special economic zones (SEZ) and the improvement of the business climate also play an important role in enhancing the regions' attractiveness for investors. The study helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of the regions, which contributes to the development of effective strategies for attracting investments and stimulating economic growth in Uzbekistan.

The article highlights the reduction in the personal participation of citizens in the national system of public services in the “mahalla” system based on the principles of “3 steps”, “adapted for the user” determining the demand for public services.  Defining requirements for the provision of public services, setting standards, forming a list of public services, highlights the organizational and economic mechanism that allows establishing methods for the provision of public services, and the process of organizing the provision of public services in the “mahalla” system. Proposed based on the organizational and economic mechanism, the main directions of the provision of public services in the “mahalla”.

This article examines the benefits of developing public utility management, the importance of improving the quality of public utilities for ensuring public well-being, raising living standards, and providing high-quality services. It primarily highlights examples of government regulation of the public utilities sector and the importance of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, presidential decrees, and government resolutions in this area, which define the legal framework for services such as water supply, heat supply, gas and electricity, and waste disposal

The article examines the importance of the Triple Helix model for improving the efficiency of regional innovation systems. Based on the analysis of scientific works, it reveals the role of universities, business, and the government in shaping the region’s innovation environment. Special attention is paid to the entrepreneurial university, technological entrepreneurship, the commercialization of scientific developments, and regional innovation infrastructure. The conclusion is drawn that the Triple Helix model can improve the efficiency of regional innovations only if its participants interact in practice, rather than merely existing as separate formal institutions

This article analyzes the methodologies for managing the financial resources of local budgets in the context of regional socio-economic development. First, within the framework of fiscal centralization and decentralization principles, it examines local budgets’ independent revenue sources, share-based taxes, and the mechanism of transfers allocated from the central government. Next, based on the principles of medium-term budget planning, ensuring budget balance, and performance-oriented budgeting, it presents methods for effective on-site resource allocation. Furthermore, by enhancing participatory budgeting and public involvement, the study explores how transparency and control over local financial resource use are strengthened. The article also discusses approaches to reducing socio-economic disparities between regions through general (free) transfers, the subvention-grant system, and horizontal equalization instruments. Additionally, it investigates the impact of tax reforms, investment financing, and risk management methods on the sustainability of local budgets. The research concludes with practical recommendations for improving local budget management methodologies—introducing a formula-based transfer mechanism, expanding interactive budget portals, and enabling the issuance of local bonds. Based on applied research and official statistics, the article aims to identify effective tools for financing regional development strategies.

The article highlights the essence, characteristics and advantages of inclusive entrepreneurship, its role in state socio-economic policy, and defines the concept of "inclusive entrepreneurship". The possibilities of an inclusive approach to entrepreneurial activity are revealed. The work carried out in the country, in particular in the Khorezm region, to support inclusive entrepreneurship is analyzed. Proposals for their development based on the principles of equality are put forward.

В данном исследовании рассматривается анализ туристической инфраструктуры в Южной Корее с целью оценки состояния инфраструктуры на основе комплексного подхода, включающего компоненты транспортных сетей страны, цифровые (умные) услуги, мониторинг окружающей среды и устойчивость к чрезвычайным ситуациям. В исследовании анализируются транспортная инфраструктура, покрытие Интернетом и 5G, интеллектуальные туристические приложения, кибербезопасность, зеленая инфраструктура и факторы устойчивости до и после пандемии. В то же время будут также освещены вопросы регионального дисбаланса и цифровой инклюзивности. Анализируются практические меры по улучшению. Основная цель исследования — изучить туристическую инфраструктуру Южной Кореи на основе комплексной модели оценки, выявить имеющиеся сильные и слабые стороны и разработать предложения по повышению устойчивости в чрезвычайных ситуациях. Данное исследование также представляет интерес для политиков и государственных учреждений, туроператоров и владельцев цифровых платформ, научных исследователей и студентов университетов, местных сообществ и специалистов по региональному развитию, а также организаций по экологии и управлению природопользованием и специалистов в области развития урбанизации. Научная новизна исследования заключается в том, что оно вносит новый теоретический и практический вклад в тему путем разработки модели оценки и набора эмпирических показателей, объединяющих компоненты туристической инфраструктуры, транспорта, интеллектуальных услуг, мониторинга окружающей среды и устойчивости.

The directions of improving the mechanisms of regulation and stimulation of attracting foreign investments into the economy of Uzbekistan and their activities are highlighted. As a "single window" within the framework of the agency for attracting foreign investment, it is proposed to create an Investor Center that operates online and coordinates interaction between investors, interested government agencies and local authorities. Also, in modern conditions, the directions of improving the mechanisms for regulating the attraction of foreign investment in the economy were studied.

The article discusses the role of import substitution as a key factor in enhancing the economic security of an enterprise's operations. It analyzes the main approaches and strategies aimed at reducing dependence on external supplies and identifies key directions for the effective implementation of domestic technologies and products. Special attention is given to the role of the state in stimulating import substitution processes by supporting domestic producers and creating favorable conditions for their development. The study highlights the importance of import substitution for strengthening the financial and economic stability of enterprises in the face of global economic challenges.

This article focuses on poverty reduction through service sector development. The growth of production and services contributes to the increase in income of the population. The correct and effective organization of production and service sectors is based on the well-being of people, i.e. quality of life, and the possibilities for reducing poverty through service sector development are identified on the basis of analysis.

This article analyzes the impact and significance of the supply chain in the economy of Uzbekistan. In particular, it examines the role of the logistics system in the national economy, its development trends, as well as existing problems and their solutions. An assessment of the current state of the supply chain infrastructure, government support measures, and recommendations for the development of international logistics networks are provided. According to the research results, to increase the efficiency of the supply chain in Uzbekistan, it is necessary to use digital technologies, improve transport infrastructure, and expand regional cooperation.

This paper analyzes the dynamics of net interest margin (NIM) in commercial banks of Uzbekistan for the period 1999–2023. Net interest margin reflects the efficiency of generating income from interest-bearing assets and is an important indicator for assessing financial stability and profitability. The study examines differences between banks by ownership type, time trends, and the impact of outliers. The results indicate that foreign banks have significantly higher NIM compared to other groups, while state-owned banks demonstrate the lowest efficiency. Furthermore, since 2017, the efficiency of state-owned banks with direct government ownership has increased significantly.

E-commerce has changed the course of national economic growth and greatly raised people’s living conditions. These developments have especially raised social efficiency. Macroeconomic and microeconomic settings have been greatly impacted by e-commerce as access to large information systems, the volume of data grows, and data processing advances help to shape both of these environments. This guarantees timely access to information, eliminates uncertainty in economic operations, lowers the cost of data collecting, increases the efficiency of economic processes, and finally helps the market resource allocation mechanism to be better. Though it will not totally reverse this trend, the results of the study show that digitalization would progressively change Uzbekistanʼs economy by boosting efficiency and reducing the declining trend of possible development as the economy achieves maturity. Maximizing the advantages of digitization while limiting problems including labor market disruptions, privacy violations, the emergence of monopolies, and financial dangers depends on the government acting in a vital role.

This research explores the relationship between digitalization and its economic impact on household finances in Uzbekistan. The study's objective is to determine how technological advancements, particularly in ICT (Information and Communication Technology), influence financial behavior and market dynamics within Uzbekistan households. The research employs a quantitative approach, using a Tobit regression model to analyze data collected from various national databases, including Uzstat and the Global Innovation Index. The study focuses on variables such as the ICT index, government readiness for ICT integration, and the rate of automation, represented by the number of robots per 10,000 workers. Data was collected over a span of ten years, from 2011 to 2021, and analyzed to identify significant correlations between these variables and household savings rates. The findings suggest a positive correlation between the ICT index and labor market indices, indicating that as digitalization advances, the labor market and household incomes experience growth.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the investment potential of insurance companies, which is a set of factors influencing the ability of an insurance organization to effectively invest its funds. The work considers the main aspects, including sources of capital, investment portfolio structures, risks, and the role of government regulation. The assessment of the investment potential of insurance companies is based on the analysis of their financial indicators, market situation and external economic factors.

This article examines the issues of improving the methodology of financing innovative projects through venture funds. Based on the experience of the United States and Western European countries, the main mechanisms of venture financing, methods of attracting investors, and government support measures are studied. Additionally, proposals are developed for institutional changes, improvement of the legal framework, and expansion of public-private partnerships to enhance venture financing in Uzbekistan. The research results aim to support innovative entrepreneurship in the country and improve the process of attracting venture investments.

Currently, plastic card technology is rapidly developing in developing countries, including Uzbekistan. A number of regulatory and legal acts have been adopted to improve the use of plastic cards and widely introduce a cashless payment system.

The article discusses the criteria for assessing the effectiveness of tax administration. Various theoretical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of tax administration are studied, criteria for assessing and measuring effectiveness for the government of Uzbekistan are proposed, and a conclusion is drawn at the end of the topic.