This paper examines the impact of loyalty programs on customer loyalty in the fashion industry. A systematic literature review was conducted first, followed by an online survey of 200 respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed that program participation, discounts, and mobile app usage positively influence purchasing decisions. The model’s pseudo R² of 0.48 indicates that the included variables explain over half of the variance. Findings highlight financial incentives and the convenience of digital platforms as critical drivers of customer loyalty. The study emphasizes the need to combine thorough literature review, empirical surveys, and econometric modeling to design effective loyalty programs.

This article discusses the issue of limited ability to offer personalized services to clients in commercial banks of Uzbekistan due to insufficient analysis of their needs, financial status, and behavior. Banks offer standard services to clients, while personalized services are less widespread, which hinders customer attraction. The CRM system has not been fully implemented, and bank employees' skills in digital services are insufficient. The customer segmentation process is an effective tool for solving these problems and helps provide personalized services to clients. Segmentation helps banks improve services, increase competitiveness, and establish long-term relationships with clients.

This article examines the economic and organizational advantages of transitioning small businesses to cashless operations. Based on the experiences of China, Japan, and Germany, the impact of digital payment system development on small business activities during 2020–2024 is analyzed. The study also discusses the prospects and positive outcomes of promoting digital payments among small businesses in Uzbekistan. The research results show that cashless operations contribute to enhancing financial transparency, reducing operational costs, expanding the tax base, and increasing customer loyalty