Vol. 1 No. 6 (2023): Economic development and analysis

This scientific article describes the role of improving the higher education system, defining the main tasks of the market of educational services in increasing the competitiveness of higher education and ways of their implementation. Also, proposals and recommendations have been developed for identifying and evaluating the specific aspects of educational services in the activities of higher education institutions.

The article provides information on the use of modeling methods in assessing quality management in construction organizations, as well as the essence and features of quality management in construction.

The role of logistics in world trade and economic development is studied in the article. Logistics plays an important role in facilitating trade, reducing costs and promoting economic growth. By effectively managing transportation, warehousing, inventory, and information systems, logistics ensures the seamless flow of goods, services, and information throughout the supply chain. In the article, the literature of economists on the subject is studied, and a conclusion is formed at the end.

The article discusses the importance of automating business processes in the context of the modern economy. Automation is presented as an integral tool that allows enterprises to increase operational efficiency, reduce errors, and save time and resources. The focus is on the benefits of automation, as well as the possible problems and difficulties that may arise during its implementation. In conclusion, a comprehensive action plan is proposed for the successful integration of automation into the company’s business processes.

This article attempts to shed light on the general idea of Islamic FinTech and how concerning it is for the current Islamic financial ecosystem's evolution. Additionally, the main goal of this paper is to emphasize the beneficial effects of Islamic FinTech on social inclusion, particularly for people in isolated and underprivileged places. It gives examples of how Islamic FinTech has aided financial literacy, boosted the economy in underdeveloped areas, and empowered people and small companies.

As we know, the role of investment in the development of industrial enterprises in our country is very great. Therefore, today, in the context of further development and liberalization of the economy, the role of investment in strengthening macroeconomic stability, maintaining high growth rates and ensuring the competitiveness of the economy is incomparable. Carrying out economic activity involves capital, and the amount spent for the purpose of making a profit or achieving economic and social efficiency is considered as an investment.

This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of special economic zones, and presents the different aspects of free economic and special economic zones. The purpose of the article is to research the foreign trade policy from a scientific point of view, which has achieved an "economic miracle" through the formation of special economic zones in the world economy, that is, the organization and development of the activities of special economic zones in the world economy, and the development of the national economy. on the basis of summarizing its positive aspects, it is to develop proposals for the establishment of special economic zones in Uzbekistan and its development prospects, as well as the possibilities of using the world experience in the establishment of special economic zones in Uzbekistan. As a result of the research, the following conclusions and proposals were formed: free economic zones are also a type of special economic zones, and free zones describe the activity of free ports; in the practice of foreign countries, free trade zones, free production zones, free economic zones, technological-innovation parks and other types of special economic zones are widely used.

This article highlights the essence of the convergence of economic knowledge in school and higher education, their theoretical and practical aspects, and also expresses opinions on this topic, within the framework of an approach based on the economics of knowledge economics. Specific theoretical information is given on the formation of competencies for the purpose of training future specialists in economics.

The article presents tourism in the Samarkand region, the essence of the industry, the prospects for its development, the legal framework, its role in our economy as a sphere of tourism services, as well as proposals on the problems and solutions of tourism in the Samarkand region.

This article examines the role of bonds in attracting foreign investment into the country's economy and their multifaceted impact on the development of the national economy. Bonds are an important tool for attracting capital from large foreign investors, ensuring the stability of the state's financial ecosystem and stimulating economic growth.
The study examines the importance of government and corporate bonds in attracting international capital, the importance of diversifying financial sources in reducing debt risks and attracting foreign direct investment.

In this article, the tendency of the creation of the World Trade Organization, which operates on a global scale and plays an important role in the development of the international market, and its influence on accelerating the activities of countries in international trade are studied. Today, 164 members of the organization are active in this structure, and they carry out more than 95% of world trade. Therefore, it is an urgent task to regularly research the trend of the formation and development of such a system, to show the achieved results and emerging problems, and to draw analytical conclusions.

The employment indicator of the population is one of the most important descriptive aspects of the labor market, which, as an economic indicator, reflects the level of satisfaction with wages, the number of employees, the level of involvement in labor activity, personal needs, etc. In this regard, one of the urgent tasks is to study the issues of youth employment, which is considered a kind of “hot” segment of the labor market.

In the article, the structure of assets in commercial banks and their grouping, the reasons for the emergence of problem assets and the internal and external factors affecting their emergence, based on their analysis, are studied. Also, the signs that lead to acceptable loans in the lending process of banks are also covered.

In the article, the relevance of the research is based on the existing problems in the assessment of capital efficiency in companies, and the theoretical basis for increasing equity efficiency is highlighted. Also, an analysis was carried out to evaluate the capital efficiency of joint stock companies operating in our country. Based on the results, conclusions and recommendations on increasing capital efficiency have been developed.

Digitization and improvement of the financial system at the country level and improvement of the market conjuncture in the development of the financial system have always been of great importance. After 2008, the further improvement of this scale began. In this article, the approaches of many economists and general conclusions about Islamic finance and behavioral finance are widely covered.

Despite the steady development of the economy of our republic, which leads to a consistent increase in national income and an increase in household incomes, there is a need for financial mechanisms aimed at reducing income inequality by observing the principles of social justice.

This article examines the topic of reducing government participation as one of the vectors for developing competition in the financial services market. The authors analyze the negative consequences of increasing or maintaining government intervention in financial markets. The article discusses what measures can help reduce government intervention, taking into account the balance between competition and financial stability.

This article examines the reforms implemented to improve the administration of profit tax in our country and their results. Also, the current situation of calculating advance payments on profit tax is analyzed and the existing problems are described. Based on the results of the research, conclusions were formed, scientific proposals and practical recommendations were developed.

The article examines the issue of increasing the effectiveness of budget organizations through the influence of financial control. The researches of economists on financial control were studied, the activities of financial control bodies were studied to ensure the purposeful spending of funds of budget organizations, analytical operations were performed, and conclusions were formed at the end.

This article focuses on the fact that effective measures are being taken in our country to reform the national economy by liberalizing foreign trade, tax and financial policy, supporting entrepreneurship and guaranteeing the inviolability of private property, organizing deep processing of agricultural products, and ensuring the rapid development of regions. Proposals and recommendations on the systematic analysis of performance indicators of service enterprises and their calculation methods and performance indicators have been developed.

The article examines the importance of financial indicators in assessing the effectiveness of innovation and investment projects of industrial enterprises. It is emphasized that the growth and contribution of industrial enterprises to the market should not be the main indicators of their development. The article also emphasizes the importance of innovation for the economic and technological development of enterprises, as can be seen from the experience of foreign countries such as the United States. The role of universities in the innovative development of the industrial sector is emphasized, as well as the importance of commercializing innovative products and providing advanced technologies. The article also mentions the importance of modern production assets and the need for financial resources such as loans for the development of enterprises. Another important aspect is the training of workers, specialists and managers of industrial enterprises, including government funding of innovative projects, tax incentives, cooperation between science and industry. Support for innovation in small businesses and the creation of innovation infrastructure are also mentioned.

Development capacities of the insurance industry in Uzbekistan, currently ongoing work on the development of the insurance market, production, and directions for providing the industry.

the article examines the analysis of stock market indicators, including the scientific-theoretical aspects of the evaluation of stock returns. Coefficients of stock profitability evaluation are systematized based on the characteristics of joint-stock companies. Factors affecting the liquidity of securities were analyzed and appropriate proposals aimed at stabilizing their prices were developed.

In this thesis, opinions are presented on the role and importance of the higher education system in improving the international rating and indices, which are a priority for the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The article analyzes the purpose of tax reforms, the effectiveness of tax reforms carried out in recent years in Uzbekistan. It is also justified that tax reforms are a powerful tool for governments to achieve fiscal and economic goals, analytical tables are presented, and a conclusion is formed at the end of the article.

The article analyzes the impact of industry, one of the modern sectors of the economy of the Republic, on the economic indicators of the country, the existing problems in the field, the views of scientists on the field, theoretical and Amli results, explores the possibilities and prospects for territorial placement of industry and draws conclusions and suggestions on the topic.

The article examines the prospects of introducing modern information technologies in expanding the base of tax authorities in our country, and examines the researches of economists within the scope of the topic. Also, the organizational and functional relationships of the participants of the information and communication market are presented and conclusions are drawn.

This article covers large-scale reforms aimed at creating favorable conditions for conducting business activities in the country's tax spheres, and further strengthening the confidence of business circles. At the same time, some important reforms implemented in the tax system of Uzbekistan were studied, foreign experience, scientific-practical conclusions and suggestions on its application in our country were developed.

The article focuses on tax legislation, taxpayers' obligations and the role of tax administration bodies. It also draws conclusions on common problems, including tax evasion, complex tax legislation and the need for greater clarity and simplification of tax rules.

In this article, the issues of effective use of financial instruments to reduce the share of the secret economy in our republic and the fact that the work of tax authorities to fight against the widespread practice of hiding the amount of income by taxpayers and using tax evasion schemes are discussed in a scattered and consistent manner, which leads to a decrease in tax discipline and the preservation of the scale of the secret economy. a study was conducted on the analysis and evaluation of the results of the deterioration of business conditions for honest entrepreneurs, and scientific and practical conclusions and proposals were developed for its application.

The article analyzes the current state of the economic activity of the enterprises of the joint-stock company "Uzbekneftgaz". In this analysis, the role of the enterprises of "Uzbekneftgaz" company in the energy sector, the current state of economic activity, the directions to be implemented and the quarter employees are determined.

This article focuses on the relevance of continuous evaluation of investment real estate (IPM) based on the standard of BHXS No. 40 "Investment real estate". The scientific work describes the nature of IKM, initial cost assessment and ongoing cost accounting. Methodological procedure of valuation of IKM in initial value model and fair value model is shown in practical examples. To the chart of accounts 0191 "Investment real estate: land plot", 0192 "Investment real estate: building", 9391 "Income from the increase in the value of IKM" accounts. The calculation procedure was based on the quoted value of minimum rent payments. The essence of the similar (analogous) sales method, income capitalization method, and cost method was revealed for the application of the fair value valuation model. The implementation of these suggestions will serve to align the IKMs in our country with international standards.

In our country, a lot of attention is paid to the development of e-commerce, and it is certainly not for nothing. Because this type of trading has many advantages for both organizations and customers. Organizations will be able to increase their income, increase the number of customers, and also sell their goods and services to foreign countries through e-commerce. Customers, in turn, will have the opportunity to buy goods online from home.

The article describes the role of self-employment in the legalization of informal employment and bringing business out of the “shadow”, the conditions and opportunities created, foreign experience in this regard and measures implemented in our country. The article also provides proposals for further improving the regulation of self-employment through taxes.

This article examines the effect of financial control on the purpose of expenditure. The inspections conducted in professional educational institutions and the analysis of the cases identified in them were studied, the effects of financial control contributing to economic efficiency were analyzed, and a conclusion was formed at the end of the article.

This article discusses aspects of development and the impact of digital transformation of services, which is necessary for the development of the economy of any country at the present time, and is also a necessary condition for inclusion in the list of countries with developed potential, because digitalization at the moment concerns not only the economy, but and all other aspects of our lives in the context of globalization.

In this scientific article, the evolution of the formation of railway tariff policy covering the period 1884-2022 is studied. In the work, the railway tariff policy of Uzbekistan and the normative bases of pricing are also studied in the current period.

In this article, it became known that the benefits provided by the state play an important role in the efficient use of the household lands of the population in eliminating the problem of food insecurity. In particular, the analysis of statistical data on households and farms was studied. In our country, the practice of secondary distribution of land allocated to the population was studied, and its impact on the dynamics of production was determined. Positive and negative factors affecting the use of homestead land by the population were determined. Conclusions based on the mechanisms of financial support for homesteading and the impact of increasing land productivity, attracting new irrigation technologies, and rational, economical use of water in increasing the incomes of the population have been formed.

This article discusses the issues of effective use of budget funds when improving the social protection system. In particular, the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on this matter have been studied. The execution of state budget funds is analyzed and ways of using result-oriented budgeting to ensure the efficiency of social sector expenditures in the budget system are considered. Conclusions and proposals are formulated.

The management of business entities is obliged to consciously evaluate the results of their activities in order to ensure compliance with the set goals and strategies in a highly competitive environment. This, in turn, indicates the need to determine the efficiency and productivity of each component and employees of an economic entity, as well as the development of measures to eliminate identified deficiencies. It is when implementing such measures that the management of business entities should use operational audit. This article describes the conditions and factors that hinder the implementation of operational audit and its popularization.