WAYS OF FINANCING ECOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS THROUGH TAX INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

This article analyzes the incentive and resource-mobilizing potential of tax instruments in financing ecological innovations. In the context of increasing climate change and environmental pollution, the development and implementation of “green” technologies require significant volumes of sustainable financial resources. The purpose of the study is to generalize international approaches to the use of tax mechanisms for supporting and financing ecological innovations, as well as to substantiate practical proposals for priority directions under the conditions of Uzbekistan. Along with the literature review, the study conducts a descriptive analysis based on indicators for the period 2021-2024, compares the volume of atmospheric pollutant emissions across regions, and evaluates the dynamics of electricity generation at solar and wind power plants. The results indicate variability in emission levels over the years and high concentration in certain regions; at the same time, a sharp increase in renewable energy production was recorded in 2024. These findings provide a basis for improving the design of tax policy to stimulate ecological innovations, taking into account regional and sectoral characteristics.