AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF AIR CONTAMINATION IN UZBEKISTAN
Abstract
Pollution and the economy have been closely interconnected throughout the entirety of human history. The understanding of the relationship between environmental degradation and economic development is incomplete as a result of disciplinary prejudices. The aim of this research is to comprehend the dynamic correlation between air pollution and the economy of Uzbekistan. Additionally, it seeks to examine the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) to identify the most effective policy options for reducing emissions while sustaining economic growth. This study utilized the Bayer-Hanck Cointegration test and Granger Causality tests to accomplish its objectives. The presence of Bayer-Hanck cointegration suggests a durable connection between air pollution and economic growth. Furthermore, the Granger causality test demonstrates that there is a causal relationship between economic growth and the three air pollutants, with a significance level of 0.05. This study seeks to address a gap in the current literature by examining the relationship between air pollutants and economic growth. It attempts to investigate the EKC hypothesis and the effects of air pollution on economic growth specifically in Uzbekistan.
Keywords:
Bayer-Hanck Carbon emissions Economic growth EKCReferences
Amin, A., Liu, Y., Yu, J., Chandio, A.A., Rasool, S.F., Luo, J., Zaman, S. (2020), How does energy poverty affect economic development? A panel data analysis of South Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 31623-31635.
Banerjee, A., Dolado, J., Mestre, R. (1998), Error-correction mechanism tests for cointegration in a single-equation framework. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 19(3), 267-283.
Bayer, C., Hanck, C. (2013), Combining non-cointegration tests. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 34(1), 83-95.
Bekun, F.V., Alola, A.A., Sarkodie, S.A. (2019), Toward a sustainable environment: Nexus between CO2 emissions, resource rent, renewable and nonrenewable energy in 16-EU countries. Science of the Total Environment, 657, 1023-1029.
Boswijk, H. P. (1994), Testing for an umstable root in conditional and structural error correction models. Journal of Econometrics, 63(1), 37−60.
Collivignarelli, M.C., Abbà, A., Bertanza, G., Pedrazzani, R., Ricciardi, P., Miino, M.C. (2020), Lockdown for CoViD-2019 in Milan: What are the effects on air quality? Science of the Total Environment, 732,139280 .
Cosmas, N.C., Chitedze, I., Mourad, K.A. (2019), An econometric analysis of the macroeconomic determinants of carbon dioxide emissions in Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment, 675, 313-324.
Dickey, D.A., Fuller, W.A. (1981), Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1057-1072.
Dogan, E., Inglesi-Lotz, R. (2020), The impact of economic structure to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis: Evidence from European countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(11), 12717-12724.
Engle, R.F., Granger, C.W.J. (1987), Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
Gehrsitz, M. (2017), The effect of low emission zones on air pollution and infant health. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 83, 121-144.
Gökmenoglu, K., Taspinar, N. (2016), The relationship between CO2, emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and FDI: The case of Turkey. The Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 25(5), 706-723.
Grossman, G.M., Krueger, A.B. (1991), Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. NBER Working Paper, No. 3914.
Grossman, G.M., Krueger, A.B. (1995), Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.
Hanif, I. (2018), Impact of economic growth, nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on carbon emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(15), 15057-15067.
Heidari, H., Katircioglu, S.T., Saeidpour, L. (2015), Economic growth, CO2 emissions, and energy consumption in the five ASEAN countries. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 64, 785-791.
Jalil, A., Feridum, M. (2011), Long run relationship between income inequality and Financial Development in China: Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 16(2), 202-214.
Jebli, MB., Youssef, S.B., Ozturk, I. (2016), Testing environmental Kumets Curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries. Ecological Indicators, 60,824−831.
Johansen, S. (1988), Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254.
Khoshnevis, Y.S., Beygi, E.G. (2018), The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption and financial development on CO2 emissions: For selectedAfrican countries. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 13(1), 13-20.
Koc, S., Bulus, G.C. (2020), Testing validity of the EKC hypothesis in South Korea: Role of renewable energy and trade openness. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 27(23), 2904329054.
Kuznets, S. (1955), Economic growth and income inequality. The American Economic Review; 45(1), 1-28.
Leal, P.H., Marques, A.C. (2020), Rediscovering the EKC hypothesis for the 20 highest CO2 emitters among OECD countries by level of globalization. International Economics, 164, 36-47.
Munir, Q., Lean, H.H., Smyth, R. (2020), CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in the ASEAN-5 countries: A cross-sectional dependence approach. Energy Economics, 85, 104571.
Ozokcu, S., Ozdemir, O. (2017), Economic growth, energy, and environmental Kuznets Curve. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 639-647.
Pata, U.K. (2018), Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks. Journal of Cleaner Production, 187,770−779.
Pesavento, E. (2004), Analytical evaluation of the power of tests for the absence of cointegration. Journal of Econometrics, 122(2), 349-384.
Qiul, G., Song, R, He, S. (2019), The aggravation of urban air quality deterioration due to urbanization, transportation and economic development-panel models with marginal effect analyses across China. Science of the Total Environment, 651, 1114-1125.
Rana, R., Sharma, M. (2019), Dynamic causality testing for EKC hypothesis, pollution haven hypothesis and international trade in India. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 28(3), 348-364.
Rupalheti, M. (2015), Air Pollution Impacts on Agriculture. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS). Potsdam, Germany: Media Regional Training, ICIMOD, Kathmandu.
Saboori, B, Sulaiman, J. (2013), Environmental degradation, economic growth and energy consumption: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets Curve in Malaysia. Energy Policy, 60, 892-905.
Sarkodie, S.A. (2018), The invisible hand and EKC hypothesis: What are the drivers of environmental degradation and pollution in Africa? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(22), 21993-22022.
Wasti, S.K.A., Zaidi, S.W. (2020), An empirical investigation between CO2 emission, energy consumption, trade liberalization and economic growth: A case of Kuwait. Journal of Building Engineering, 28,101104 .
World Bank. (2009), Hashemite Kingdom of Uzbekistan: Country Environmental Analysis. Sustainable Development Sector Department (MNSSD), Middle East and North Africa Region.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurbek Xalimjonov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
