This article examines the fundamental role of property valuation in the taxation process. A detailed analysis of the methods and approaches used to determine the value of real estate objects, which form the basis for tax calculations, is presented. The differences between individual and mass valuation, their application depending on the volume and quality of information, and the impact of these approaches on the accuracy of tax obligations are discussed.
The study also explores challenges and perspectives associated with valuation methods and their application, emphasizing the importance of reliable and up-to-date information for ensuring the fairness and efficiency of the tax system. Special attention is paid to issues of tax system financing and the role of local budgets in this process. The research aims to improve the relationship between real estate valuation and tax regulation, as well as to identify potential ways to optimize processes for enhancing their transparency and fairness.
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical, methodological, and institutional aspects of implementing a mass property valuation system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study substantiates the limitations of traditional cadastral valuation methods in an economy based on market mechanisms and reveals the necessity of introducing a transparent and automated mass valuation system aligned with international best practices. The paper presents a comparative analysis of individual and mass valuation approaches, highlighting their role in tax base formation and functional differences. The advantages of using GIS technologies, mathematical and statistical models, large-scale data (Big Data), and multiplicative valuation models in the mass valuation process are demonstrated. In addition, ongoing reforms, the regulatory and legal framework, institutional structures, and step-by-step implementation mechanisms of the valuation system are analyzed. The research findings contribute to fair and economically justified property tax assessment, stabilization of budget revenues, and increased transparency in the real estate market.
The article examines international experience in the formation and functioning of mass appraisal systems using the examples of selected countries. The selected countries include the United States and Sweden, where mass appraisal systems have been successfully operating for several decades, as well as Lithuania and Slovenia, where mass appraisal systems were introduced relatively recently, at the beginning of the 21st century. A comparative analysis and generalization of the main aspects of mass appraisal systems in the selected countries are conducted. In particular, the article addresses legislative regulation of mass appraisal, management of the mass appraisal process (in terms of the distribution of functions and powers among key stakeholders), consideration and analysis of input data related to the economic and physical-technical characteristics of real estate objects, as well as the application of valuation approaches and methods in the appraisal of specific types of real estate.
Within the framework of the “Uzbekistan – 2030” and “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” strategies adopted in New Uzbekistan, as well as at the new stage of economic reforms, special importance is given to improving the activities of appraisal organizations and enhancing the quality and efficiency of the services they provide. This article explores the issues of fostering fair and healthy competition in the valuation services market through the assessment of appraisers’ ratings and the determination of their rankings. The rating system offers opportunities to ensure transparency, strengthen customer trust, improve service quality, and increase overall competitiveness. Based on the analysis of international experience, the article discusses effective approaches that can be introduced into national practice, criteria for appraiser ranking, evaluation methods, and their outcomes. The article also presents proposals and recommendations for addressing potential challenges that may arise during the implementation of such a system.
In this article, the emergence and development of the assessment of the value of the main funds, the involvement of the main funds and the rights to them in the civil-legal circulation by all participants of the market reforms, and the establishment of market mechanisms of economic management are studied. Also, the conditions for applying the methods of mathematical modeling of valuation works, the mechanism of the interactive process of mathematical and software provision of asset valuation, and suggestions and recommendations based on them are given.
The article explores the methodological foundations for assessing the value of human capital in economic entities. Existing methods for evaluating the value of human capital have been thoroughly analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of human capital assessment methods are revealed from the perspective of cost and income approaches, as well as the prospects for their practical application.
This article examines the key policy decisions related to the tax base and rates of real estate tax, as well as the important tax administration functions–valuation, calculation, and collection. It also focuses on reforming both the traditional annual property tax (levied on the assessed value of buildings and land plots) and transaction taxes (collected as a tax or state fee [stamp duty] upon the transfer of real estate ownership). The article provides proposals and recommendations for successfully implementing real estate tax reforms and improving tax administration. Based on the analysis of scholarly literature and international experience, detailed recommendations are offered on the practical aspects of reforming real estate taxes in Uzbekistan.
