This paper examines the trade dynamics of landlocked Central Asia, with a particular focus on Uzbekistan. The geographical disadvantages of Uzbekistan, a double-landlocked country, significantly impede its trade competitiveness due to high transportation costs and prolonged transit times. Historically dependent on exports of commodities such as cotton, gold, and natural gas, Uzbekistan’s economy remains vulnerable to global market fluctuations. To mitigate these challenges and enhance its trade potential, the study underscores the necessity of diversifying into value-added sectors and improving trade logistics infrastructure. By employing the gravity model of trade, the paper evaluates the impact of trade facilitation measures on bilateral trade volumes within the Central Asian region. The findings highlight the critical role of infrastructure development, customs modernization, and regional cooperation in bolstering Uzbekistan’s trade efficiency. The analysis reveals that countries with advanced trade facilitation measures engage in higher trade volumes with Uzbekistan, suggesting that strategic investments in transport infrastructure and regulatory reforms are pivotal. These efforts are essential for integrating Uzbekistan more effectively into global markets and fostering economic growth within the region.
The article examines how WTO accession influenced the development of project management systems in Central Asian countries. Its relevance lies in the need to align trade-related reforms with project environment modernization amid Uzbekistan’s accession process. The methodology combines qualitative comparative analysis, case study, and content analysis of OECD, WTO, IMF, and World Bank materials. The findings show that in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan WTO membership stimulated customs digitalization, single-window mechanisms, e-procurement, and greater regulatory transparency. The scientific and practical contribution of the study lies in developing recommendations for Uzbekistan on linking WTO-related reforms with project management modernization, digital monitoring, compliance procedures, and integrated project implementation control.
Настоящее исследование посвящено эмпирическому изучению динамики использования одного из значимых финансовых преимуществ института уполномоченного экономического оператора (УЭО), внедрённого в Республике Узбекистан с 2019 года, а именно механизма отсрочки уплаты таможенных платежей. Анализ, проведённый на основе данных грузовых таможенных деклараций 96 действующих предприятий, имеющих статус УЭО, за 2021–2025 годы, показал, что доля сумм таможенных платежей, уплаченных с отсрочкой, увеличилась с 9,95% в 2021 году до 33,66% в 2023 году, после чего стабилизировалась на уровне 24,51% в 2025 году. В разрезе категорий выявлена выраженная дифференциация: предприятия I категории используют льготу по отсрочке уплаты таможенных платежей на уровне 9,9%, тогда как предприятия более высоких категорий — I и II, II, III категорий — на уровне 28,9%.
