This article covers the opinions and conceptual approaches of scientists aimed at defining electronic money and its essence. Emergence and development stages of electronic money are studied. Different views of classical scholars and researchers in conceptual approaches to the interpretation of electronic money have been studied and analyzed by the author. Informationization of the economy and the introduction of electronic money, different interpretations of electronic money are among them.
In the article discusses the role of money supply and its regulation by the state in the context of the digital economy. It is emphasized that the expansion of electronic money will affect monetary aggregates and also lead to the need for monetary policy coordination. The regulation of money supply by the state is highlighted as essential for controlling inflation, ensuring financial stability, and integrating digital financial instruments. The classification of money aggregates into MO, M1, M2, and M3 and their role in the economy are also analyzed.
The article discusses the origin of money, its modern stage and the fact that it is one of the first inventions of mankind. Leading scientists of the world have studied the issue of the origin of money for many centuries and today conduct many studies. This article analyzes modern studies of the formation of monetary relations. The author conducted a theoretical and critical analysis of the literature devoted to the development of monetary relations. Based on the theoretical analysis, conclusions were made about the forecast of further changes and development of monetary relations.
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the development trends of electronic money and digital payment systems in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as their impact on the national economy. Within the scope of the study, economic, technological, and social factors influencing the growth of electronic money deposits during the period 2017–2024 were examined. In particular, the interrelationships between indicators such as the number of plastic cards, the volume of electronic payment transactions, bank deposits, and the network of payment terminals were assessed using correlation and regression analysis. In addition, the evolution of electronic money, the stages of development of plastic cards and digital payment systems, and their impact on economic efficiency were analyzed. The research results indicate that the reduction of transaction costs, the increase in financial transparency, and the expansion of financial inclusion are the main economic advantages of the electronic payment infrastructure. At the same time, cybersecurity issues associated with the development of digital financial infrastructure, including threats of cyberattacks such as phishing, malware, and DDoS attacks, were also examined. Based on the obtained results, forecast indicators for the development of electronic payments and electronic deposits for the period 2025–2029 were developed. The findings of the study demonstrate that electronic money and digital payment systems play a significant role in increasing economic efficiency, strengthening financial control, and promoting the development of the digital economy. Furthermore, the study substantiates the necessity of improving cybersecurity systems and enhancing the digital literacy of the population in order to ensure the sustainable development of the digital financial infrastructure.
The article examines monetarism and its development, theoretical concepts and factors influencing it, studies of classical scholars are studied and compared with modern theories. Definitions of monetarism by scientists in scientific schools, their influence on the formation and development of the economy were analyzed.
In this article, digitization of the payment sector has become a real need of the hour, because life in the digital world imposes various demands on financial processes, which innovative technologies, including distributed ledgers and smart contracts, are designed to meet.
In Uzbekistan, many universities are making a lot of money from students' fees. Income from payment contracts is the main way Tashkent State University of Economics funds its activities. This means we need to make big changes to expand and diversify what we do. The study found that colleges and universities don't properly consider the important tasks needed for their growth when planning their finances. This situation needs better money planning in colleges and universities, using new methods that fit today's needs.
In our country, improving and researching the activities of banks in the fight against the legalization of criminal income is an urgent issue. This article examines the theoretical, economic and legal aspects of the legalization of criminally obtained income through the banking system.
This article also examines the impact of the development of the international currency market on the global financial architecture. During the study, various aspects were studied, including the economic essence, theoretical and legal foundations for attracting capital from the international financial market, analysis of the current state of attracting capital, literature analysis, and a research project. As a result of research identified the problems and opportunities associated with the development of the international foreign exchange market. It was determined that in order to develop a more efficient and stable foreign exchange market, it is necessary to strengthen the regulatory framework, increase market transparency, improve risk management practices, and strengthen investor protection measures.
The Islamic finance industry resiliently grew by 17% in 2021, reaching nearly US$4 trillion in total assets. The growth was evident across sectors including Islamic banking, Sukuk, Islamic funds, and other financial institutions. Notably, Islamic banking, comprising 70% of assets, expanded due to government support, operational efficiency, and strong demand. Net income surged by 290%, while average return on assets also increased. The rise of fully digital Islamic banks globally and responses to the LIBOR transition, such as Malaysia's MYOR-i and Oman's Islamic money market instruments, highlighted industry innovation. Efforts to enhance sustainability, governance, knowledge, and awareness through the Islamic Finance Development Indicator (IFDI) underscore industry progress, positioning Islamic finance for continued growth and innovation.
This article covers the analysis of legal frameworks for the organization of initiative budget processes and the analysis of the projects implemented in the process of “Initiative Budget” conducted through the “Open Budget” information portal.Proposals have also been developed for a co-financing mechanism, which would allow initiators to use the money spent on collecting votes to finance the project.
This paper analyzes the structure of assets that ensure the stability of commercial banks and the factors affecting them using econometric methods. The main purpose of the study was to study such factors as the quality of banks' assets, liquidity indicators, the structure of the loan portfolio, as well as external economic factors. The results obtained using econometrics methods help commercial banks make important decisions to improve their sustainability. The practical significance of the research lies in the fact that it serves as a methodological basis for the formation of strategies aimed at the development of banking activities.
In this article, the state of the investment environment in our country is examined as one of the general characteristics of economic, social, organizational, legal, political, environmental and other conditions that determine the feasibility and attractiveness of investment activities, as well as the feasibility of its implementation. Proposals and conclusions were given.
This article explores the integration of global financial literacy practices into Uzbekistan’s school system, emphasizing the need to enhance economic competence among youth. Drawing insights from OECD frameworks and studies like PISA, it highlights successful strategies from countries such as Belgium and Latvia, where curriculum integration and interactive methods improved student outcomes. Key approaches include incorporating financial education as a cross-curricular subject and employing digital tools for practical learning. The study identifies challenges in adapting these strategies to Uzbekistan’s unique socio-economic context and proposes a tailored framework to foster financial literacy, empowering students for informed decision-making and economic participation.
This article carried out scientific and theoretical views of foreign and domestic scientists on the development of banking activities as a result of factors of formation of digital assets, improving the circulation of digital assets, scientific and theoretical analysis of data on the management of digital assets in commercial banks.
The Islamic finance industry resiliently grew by 17% in 2021, reaching nearly US$4 trillion in total assets. The growth was evident across sectors including Islamic banking, Sukuk, Islamic funds, and other financial institutions. Notably, Islamic banking, comprising 70% of assets, expanded due to government support, operational efficiency, and strong demand. Net income surged by 290%, while average return on assets also increased. The rise of fully digital Islamic banks globally and responses to the LIBOR transition, such as Malaysia's MYOR-i and Oman's Islamic money market instruments, highlighted industry innovation. Efforts to enhance sustainability, governance, knowledge, and awareness through the Islamic Finance Development Indicator (IFDI) underscore industry progress, positioning Islamic finance for continued growth and innovation.
This article analyzes the state of the Republic of Uzbekistan's transition to the inflation targeting regime aimed at reducing inflation and developing the economy in the medium term, the work carried out towards this goal, and future practical experiences. Also, scientific conclusions were drawn on the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing the high rate of inflation and bringing it to the level of developed countries in the near future of our country.
In a market economy, liquidity and solvency are the most important characteristics of financial and economic activities of enterprises, in particular in oil refining. The financial condition determines the competitiveness of an enterprise, its potential in business processes, to what extent the economic interests of the enterprise and its counterparties in financial and other relations are respected. Liquidity is the ability of an asset to be sold in a business, economy, or invested without significant price changes and with little loss of value. The most liquid asset is money or cash on hand, which can be immediately used to carry out economic transactions, including buying, selling, paying off debts, and meeting urgent desires and needs. The basis of any company is liquidity. A comprehensive liquidity assessment is necessary for each company, as it helps to predict future behavior. The article examines the theoretical aspects of liquidity and solvency, analyzes the refinery, while assessing the main shortcomings and problems, and provides recommendations for improving the financial condition
The article describes a number of risk types that may arise as a result of the digitalization of traditional banking activities as a result of the transformation of banking activities and the level of risk may increase, the most common types of cyber threats aimed at bank customers and banks themselves and their specific aspects, New risk management systems in banks, steps of strategic bank risk management, and author's approaches to effective risk management in the digital environment are presented. Overall, this paper provides insights into the multi-faceted nature of risk posed by commercial banks in the face of transformation and digitization, and what can be done by banks to effectively manage and mitigate this pervasive risk factor and ensure sustainable growth for banks. provides information on the various methods used.
In this article, the theoretical and practical aspects of the use of digital technologies in the analysis of socio-economic development of regions are studied. The trends of social development indicators and dynamics of Namangan region were analyzed using GIS technologies.
