This article analyzes the economic significance of internal and external factors affecting product cost, as well as methods of econometric modeling and forecasting to assess their impact. Additionally, the article covers the practical application of econometric modeling and forecasting and their impact on the activities of manufacturing enterprises. Scientific proposals and practical recommendations are provided based on the research results.

This article discusses the application of probability theory in economics. Probability theory is an important tool for accounting for uncertainties and assessing risks in various economic processes. The article provides detailed information on the application of this theory in risk management, insurance and investment, market analysis and game theory. With the help of probability theory, the possibilities of preliminary assessment of economic events and making optimal decisions are studied. This article shows the importance of using probability theory in economic analysis and decision making.

This article improves the methodology of econometric modeling aimed at sustainable regional economic development, using Qashqadaryo region as a case study. The study considers investment, employment, and living standards as key indicators, and evaluates regional development factors and their impact on economic efficiency through econometric methods. The findings are of practical relevance for shaping regional policies and sustainable development strategies

This article analyzes scientific research conducted in the field of financial planning and highlights their theoretical and practical aspects. The role of financial planning in economic processes, its tasks at the strategic and tactical levels, and its impact on the financial stability of enterprises were analyzed on a scientific basis. Also, based on the experience of foreign countries, modern methods of financial planning, including budgeting, financial modeling, scenario analysis, and risk management, were studied. The results of the analysis show that financial planning is an important management tool that ensures economic growth and stability. Its effectiveness is directly related to the use of a correct information base, advanced accounting methods, and international standards.

This article covers stages such as determining nonlinear trends of time series, mathematical modeling, finding trend equations using regression methods, and forecasting. In particular, taking into account the complex dynamics of economic processes, the advantages of exponential, logarithmic, and polynomial models were analyzed. The accuracy and error criteria of the forecast results are considered using practical examples.

The increasing global focus on sustainable development has prompted a growing interest in understanding the roles of green innovation and digitization in fostering economic, environmental, and social sustainability, particularly within emerging economies like Uzbekistan.This study employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to investigate the pivotal roles of green innovation and digitization in fostering sustainable development within the context of Uzbekistan, emblematic of challenges and opportunities for emerging economies. Through a comprehensive conceptual analysis, the research assesses the impact of these initiatives on economic growth, environmental conservation, and social equity. The findings reveal significant contributions of green innovation and digitization to sustainable development, manifested in heightened economic efficiency, reduced environmental degradation, and enhanced social well-being. Emphasizing the indispensability of institutional support, financial incentives, and stakeholder engagement, the study underscores the imperative for effective adoption and integration of sustainable practices and technologies.

Настоящая статья анализирует современные подходы к оценке различий в экономическом развитии регионов на научной основе. Во введении подчеркивается значимость региональных различий в глобальной экономике, акцентируя тенденции, такие как цифровизация, устойчивость и резилиентность. Обзор литературы, основанный на более чем 15 статьях из престижных международных журналов за последние годы, обсуждает группы, включая пространственное моделирование, цифровой анализ, резилиентность и институциональные факторы. Методология основана на дизайне смешанных методов, включающем синтез литературы и систематический анализ. Результаты анализа раскрывают динамику различий через пространственную автокорреляцию, экологическую чувствительность и институциональные индикаторы, демонстрируя процессы дивергенции в развивающихся странах. В заключении оцениваются преимущества и ограничения подходов, рекомендуется политика, основанная на месте, зеленые инвестиции и цифровая интеграция. Результаты имеют научную и практическую ценность для сокращения региональных различий.

In the article, aimed at determining the role of Islamic financial engineering in economic development and macroeconomic indicators, it is the disclosure of the role of the Islamic financial system and other financial systems in the economic activity of countries through modeling.

In this article, the demographic status of the Republic of Uzbekistan was analyzed using the R Studio program. During the study, the main demographic indicators of the country, such as birth, death, migration and urbanization, were studied. The results provide the basis for the formation of important recommendations for the economic and social development of the country.

Fire risk management in residential buildings is a critical aspect of ensuring safety and minimizing loss of life and property. This study explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of fire risk management by examining key components, including fire risk theories, advanced methodologies, human behavior, building design, and regulatory frameworks. Technological innovations such as IoT-enabled fire detection systems and AI-driven predictive modeling are identified as transformative tools for proactive risk mitigation. The role of community engagement and fire safety education in reducing fire incidents and fatalities is also emphasized.

The article examines in detail the trends in changes in the industrial sector of our country and the possibilities of increasing its contribution to the gross domestic product. At the same time, 6-year dynamics of 25 types of indicators affecting the growth rate of industrial production were selected as panel data, the values of the parameters were determined for 4 different models, and their economic content was explained