The paper examines economic mechanisms of water quota allocation under conditions of increasing water scarcity. Water quota allocation is considered as a key instrument for water distribution, closely linked to tariff regulation, water markets, and water rights. The study explores fixed, adaptive, seasonal, and market-based quota models. A comparative analysis of practices in Australia, Spain, and Chile is conducted, alongside an assessment of challenges related to the allocation of water withdrawal limits in Central Asia. The study concludes that the most sustainable approaches are hybrid models combining state regulation of environmentally acceptable quotas with economic mechanisms for their efficient redistribution among water users.
This article provides a systematic analysis of the socio-economic significance of tourism digitalization in Uzbekistan. Drawing on the international experiences of South Korea, Singapore, Estonia, Spain, and Turkey, the study examines the impact of digital solutions such as smart tourism, e-visa systems, online booking platforms, digital marketing, and electronic payments on tourism development. The paper also evaluates recent trends in Uzbekistan’s digital infrastructure, electronic services coverage, tourist flows, and tourism exports. Comparative analysis reveals that effective use of ICT substantially enhances tourism efficiency, service quality, employment opportunities, and overall economic activity. The article concludes with recommendations aimed at further strengthening the digital transformation of the tourism sector.
The importance of tourism on an international scale is increasingly growing, as this sector allows countries to strengthen their position in the global economy. At the same time, investments in tourism play a significant role in creating jobs for the local population, supporting regional economic growth, and developing cultural exchanges. This article discusses how attention to tourism serves as an investment for the development of various sectors of the economy and the strengthening of international relations.
