ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60078/3060-4842-2026-vol3-iss3-pp428-436Abstract
The history of artificial intelligence (AI) is closely linked to the development of computing technology and the search for formal methods to model human reasoning. Initial ideas of "thinking machines" were proposed in the early 20th century by mathematicians and logicians. However, the official birth of AI as a scientific field is traced back to the 1956 Dartmouth Conference, where the term "artificial intelligence" was introduced. This paper explores the major stages of AI development from early theoretical contributions, including Alan Turing’s seminal work, through the "golden age" of the 1960s–1970s and the subsequent decline due to technological limitations. Special focus is placed on the rise of expert systems and symbolic AI in the 1980s, which, despite practical applications, faced challenges in knowledge base maintenance and scalability. The review outlines the evolution of AI as a scientific discipline marked by high expectations, setbacks, and achievements
Keywords:
artificial intelligence Turing Dartmouth Conference expert systems symbolic AI history of AI logic machine reasoningReferences
Bengio, Y. (1991). Artificial Neural Networks and Their Application to Sequence Recognition [Doctoral dissertation, McGill University].
Brooks, R. A. (1991). Intelligence without representation. Artificial Intelligence, 47(1–3), 139–159.
Feigenbaum, E. A. (1977). The art of artificial intelligence: I. Themes and case studies of knowledge engineering. In Proceedings of the 5th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence (pp. 1014–1029).
Hinton, G. E. (1989). Connectionist learning procedures. Artificial intelligence, 40(1–3), 185–234.
McCarthy, J., Minsky, M. L., Rochester, N., & Shannon, C. E. (1955). A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. Dartmouth College.
Minsky, M. (1967). Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines. Prentice Hall.
Nilsson, N. J. (2009). The Quest for Artificial Intelligence: A History of Ideas and Achievements. Cambridge University Press.
Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2010). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind, 59(236), 433–460.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
