This article is aimed at studying the introduction of the “Open banking” business model into the financial sector of Uzbekistan as one of the strategic mechanisms ensuring the digital transformation of the economy. This model allows for the development of innovations, increased competition in the banking services market, and improved the quality of financial services provided to the population. The concept of “Open Banking” was studied with an emphasis on world practice and the experience of Great Britain, and the activities of banks operating in an open system were analyzed. Also, issues such as creating a reliable regulatory framework, strengthening security and confidentiality measures, and developing cooperation between banks, fintech companies, and regulators were studied. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the expected risks, along with demonstrating the economic opportunities of the “Open Banking” business model in the process of its gradual implementation.

The article analyzes the processes of digital transformation of the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years, achievements, and current pressing issues. The study examined the role of the digital economy in the activities of commercial banks, in particular, the role of Big Data technologies and online platforms, their significance in increasing banking efficiency, and innovative approaches such as blockchain. Based on the theoretical approaches of scientists to assessing banking efficiency, the skills of banks in minimizing costs and optimizing profits are emphasized. In conclusion, the necessity of forming a digital transformation ecosystem in Uzbekistan, expanding the fintech infrastructure, and increasing the competitiveness of the banking system through the implementation of international standards has been put forward

This article examines the key risks faced by banks in forming green credit portfolios and identifies effective strategies for risk management. Drawing on international experience, the study analyzes the nature of credit, climate, transition, technological, operational, market, and greenwashing risks. The findings demonstrate that green loans possess a more complex risk profile compared to traditional lending and require the implementation of environmental taxonomies, energy-efficiency certification, independent audits, and state-supported financing mechanisms. For Uzbekistan, adopting these tools can improve the quality of bank credit portfolios, reduce environmental risks, and accelerate the country’s green economic transition.

The article examines in detail the directions of implementation of innovative technologies in the banking sector. Examples of successful implementation of innovative technologies in the banking sector are analyzed, as well as an analysis of the advantages and risks of implementation of innovative technologies, the impact of the development of the financial and credit system on the development of the economy.

This research examines the influence of environmental risk management (ERM) on the credit portfolio stability of commercial banks in Uzbekistan, utilising secondary data from sustainability reports, regulatory publications, and international financial institutions. The results show that banks with more advanced ERM frameworks, which include environmental screening, green lending, and sustainability governance, have lower non-performing loan (NPL) ratios and better asset quality. On the other hand, banks that don’t use ERM as much are still more vulnerable to environmental and credit risks. The study finds that integrating environmental risks into the banking system in Uzbekistan is necessary to make it more financially stable and in line with global standards for sustainable finance

In recent years, the intensification of global financial instability has posed significant challenges to banking markets. In response, commercial banks have placed particular emphasis on enhancing their resilience to economic fluctuations. According to expert forecasts, activity in the global banking sector is expected to increase substantially in 2025–2026. Notably, inflation in the Eurozone in 2024 is projected to be around 2.3% instead of the previously forecast 2.7%. Financial stability, however, remains tied to moderate growth prospects. Various models typically chosen or approved by regulators are used to assess banks’ stability. Contemporary research focuses on improving existing methodologies and financial stability indicators in light of changes in the global macroeconomic environment, raising capital adequacy requirements for banks, and enhancing tools for forecasting their future performance. At the same time, the adoption of new technologies and financial instruments is accelerating banks’ digital transformation and the automation of their business processes. This article offers a comprehensive study of the means and mechanisms for ensuring the financial stability of commercial banks in Uzbekistan. Its primary objective is to analyze the state of the banking sector and identify ways to strengthen its resilience, drawing on global best practices and national specificities. To achieve this, both scientific-pedagogical methods (historical-comparative analysis, structural-logical research) and empirical approaches (statistics from regulatory documents and bank reports, expert surveys) are employed.

This article analyzes the concept of sustainable development and the role of green finance in the banking sector. The study examines the practices of managing environmental and financial risks in commercial banks, foreign experiences, and examples from banks in Uzbekistan. The results indicate that green finance ensures not only ecological responsibility but also strategic development of banks. This approach contributes to financial stability, economic modernization, and strengthening environmental security

This article is devoted to the analysis of the role of commercial banks of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the development of the national economy, in particular, in financing investment projects, increasing the level of employment, and implementing innovative technologies. It highlights the priority areas for the development of the banking system of such strategic documents as the "New Uzbekistan - 2030" program and the Development Strategy for 2022-2026. Also, an in-depth analysis of the main indicators of the banking system of Uzbekistan (assets, loans, capital, and deposits) was conducted. In particular, the differences between state-owned banks and other banks, their market share, and their impact on economic stability are shown based on statistical data. The analysis revealed that state-owned banks have a dominant position in the market, but other banks can compete almost equally in attracting deposits. Information on the lending activities of commercial banks and the volume of non-performing loans (NPL) was also presented, and the risks and effectiveness in this area were assessed

This article explores the applicability of the Risk-Based Capital (RBC) framework to the insurance market of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Drawing upon international best practices, especially the APRA model from Australia, the study empirically assesses the capital structure comprised of premium, claims liability, and asset risks. The analysis revealed the dominant role of insurance-related risks in capital requirements and emphasized the need to transition from rigid normative regulation to a more risk-sensitive and adaptive supervisory approach. The paper provides policy recommendations for a phased implementation of RBC, including the development of a localized model, creation of a national actuarial database, and modernization of regulatory frameworks.

In recent years, mortgage loans have become increasingly important. Also, without a system, the timely development of the capital market, including mortgage and insurance, is impossible. From this point of view, this topic is always relevant and is the focus of attention of researchers. This article analyzes the concept of mortgage insurance, its main types and implementation mechanisms. The article also indicates the main advantages of mortgage insurance for various participants in these relationships.

Modern mechanisms for financing projects in the banking sector are a complex and multifaceted process, playing an important role in implementing innovative and effective investments in various sectors of the economy. These mechanisms are aimed not only at allocating financial resources, but also at managing risks, ensuring project sustainability, and building trust between clients and investors. Banks are radically improving the process of financing projects by widely using digital technologies, advanced credit assessment systems, collateral mechanisms, cooperation platforms, and the principles of sustainable financing in their activities.

This article analyzes the impact of digital platforms on international trade. Digital technologies play a crucial role in optimizing trade processes, reducing transaction costs, and expanding access to new markets. At the same time, the development of digital platforms highlights issues such as digital inequality, cybersecurity, and legal regulation. The article proposes measures to mitigate these risks and promote the development of digital trade.

The article below presents the investigation of the evolution of risk theory from the 17thcentury to the present day. Recently attention to the researches of entrepreneurial risks has increased that is caused by a set of circumstances and reasons amplified. The globalization of the world economy, the political instability in the world and the imposition of economic sanctions against Russia for some companies are going to be the drivers of further development, while for others can lead to crisis and even catastrophic level of risk. Nowadays theory and practice of risk management not only have not lost their relevance, on the contrary their development is becoming increasingly important. Fundamental principles of entrepreneurial risk analysis and management were laid by great philosophers, mathematicians, economists already in 17th– 20th centuries. The definition of profit was given and also its understanding was revealed by the scientists in their works through investigation of the profit nature and the role of uncertainty in its generation. They identified the most important distinguishing features that characterized risk situations arising in the economic decision-making process under conditions of uncertainty inherent in a market economy. The greatest contribution to the development of the risk theory was a combination of economic theory, mathematics and statistics, which crystallized as an econometrics. Application of statistics and econometrics allows to quantify the expected profit, its volatility and the level of risk; on the other hand, the use of modern hardware and software makes it possible to predict the future.

The article examines international experience of applying financial technologies (fintech) in lending by commercial banks. Particular attention is paid to the impact of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, blockchain and machine learning on the lending process. It discusses how fintech helps to speed up the loan approval process, reduce operational risks and improve customer experience.

The article examines the problems of organizing customs management when implementing digital customs services. The main goals of digitalization of customs authorities are set out in the adopted regulatory documents on optimizing business processes, increasing the collection of customs payments, combating the shadow economy and minimizing risks. The factors influencing the digitalization of customs activities and the level of digitalization are considered. Scientific and practical proposals and recommendations for eliminating problems in the organization of customs management when organizing the provision of digital customs services are also developed.

This article examines the structure of resource bases and capital adequacy mechanisms in major international commercial banks, with a focus on JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo. The analysis reveals that deposits remain the primary source of funding, while long-term liabilities and shareholder equity play a crucial role in ensuring financial stability. The Basel Committee’s capital adequacy standards serve as an essential benchmark, enhancing banks’ capacity to absorb risks. The findings are of practical relevance for Uzbekistan’s banking sector in terms of diversifying resource bases, optimizing capital structure, and strengthening liquidity management.