This article reveals the role of pension provision and compulsory pension insurance in the social protection system of the population in modern states, as well as their significance in ensuring sustainable development. The study conducts a comparative analysis of the levels of compulsory, corporate, and private pension provision, their sources of financing, the range of participants, and functional characteristics using the pension systems of Germany, Italy, and the United States as examples. In addition, the regulatory role of the state in the pension system, the principle of intergenerational solidarity, the importance of funded pension mechanisms, and the impact of population aging on the pension system are highlighted. The article also compares the experience of certain foreign countries according to such criteria as retirement age, minimum insurance record, and the amount of insurance contributions. The current state of the pension system of Uzbekistan is substantiated, along with the factors affecting its financial stability under demographic changes, the need to improve compulsory pension insurance, and the priority directions of reforms. In conclusion, it is noted that the development of the funded component of pensions, the strengthening of actuarial assessment, and the harmonization of compulsory and voluntary pension mechanisms, while adapting international experience to national conditions, contribute to improving the efficiency of the pension system.

This article reveals the features of pension payments indexation in ensuring the well-being of the population, and analyzes the current state. The experience of foreign countries in pension indexing was also studied, and proposals and recommendations for applying the best foreign experience in our country were developed.

The article highlights the role of the social insurance system in the social protection of the population. The directions of the social insurance system are given. Issues related to the organization of the social insurance system in Uzbekistan are analyzed, problems and shortcomings encountered in the system are described, as well as proposals and recommendations for solving them.

In this article, the best practices of stock markets in developed and developing countries and directions of their development are researched. In particular, in the development of stock markets, the best practices of the effective placement of state securities of foreign countries and the development of the stock market through them have been studied.