The study discusses the issues of encouraging the transition of informal businesses to the formal sector. Also, some features of the informal sector were studied, the advantages of the informal economy and recommendations on the transfer of informal business to the official one in Uzbekistan were formulated.

This article examines the issues of expanding the coverage of the social protection system through the reduction of informal employment. The study applies econometric and statistical analysis methods to identify the relationship between the level of informal employment and the coverage of social protection. The findings indicate that reducing the informal sector enhances the sustainability of the social protection system and contributes to an increase in government budget revenues.

Competition from the informal sector, including digital platforms, presents a significant challenge for formal companies. In response to this pressure, formal firms may introduce innovations that provide them with a competitive advantage. Using a probit model, this study examines the relationship between informal competitive pressure and the innovation activities of formal firms, based on enterprise survey data conducted by the World Bank in Uzbekistan in 2019. The results indicate that informal competition increases the likelihood of innovative activity in formal companies by 7 percentage points, holding other variables at an average level. Additionally, holding international certifications and membership in trade organizations increase the likelihood of innovation by 13.9% and 14.5%, respectively. Although informal competition has a significant positive effect on the adoption of innovative products/services, it may also have other implications; therefore, policy recommendations should consider measures to reduce the level of informality in the economy.

This article analyzes the strategic importance of the service sector in Uzbekistan’s economy, focusing on its share in GDP and impact on the labor market. It explores avenues for job creation through services, emphasizing digitalization, gender and youth inclusivity. The study covers structural shifts in employment across sectors, development dynamics, labor productivity, informal employment, infrastructure, and workforce training. Drawing on international experience, the paper proposes effective mechanisms for enhancing employment through the service sector.

The dissertation article explores the essence and highlights the structural elements of the informal sector of the economy, and reveals the content of the category of the informal economy from the point of view of taxation. Based on a review of theoretical literature, international practice and analysis of the situation in Uzbekistan, proposals and practical recommendations for the effective use of taxation mechanisms in containing and reducing the size of the shadow economy have been formed.

The dissertation article explores the essence and highlights the structural elements of the informal sector of the economy, and reveals the content of the category of the informal economy from the point of view of taxation. Based on a review of theoretical literature, international practice and analysis of the situation in Uzbekistan, proposals and practical recommendations for the effective use of taxation mechanisms in containing and reducing the size of the shadow economy have been formed.

This article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of analyzing income redistribution within public financial policy using the CEQ (Commitment to Equity) methodology. Additionally, a brief analysis of the current state of the informal sector in Uzbekistan is provided, which is not directly reflected in the methodology. The conclusion includes findings on how the methodology has been piloted in the fiscal policies of several countries and has been applied to support fiscal reform. The paper highlights the potential of achieving social justice and sustainable economic development through effective fiscal policy.

It is aimed at improving the social stratification of the population and their standard of living, reducing inequality. In addition, solving the issues of distribution and redistribution of the population's income will ensure a comfortable standard of living not only for the needy. In a certain sense, the provision of employment in the informal sector is aimed at protecting the social rights of employees. Establishing progressive tax rates on the incomes of individuals in order to reduce the level of income stratification of the population in our country. Entrepreneurship is aimed at creating new jobs and increasing income. According to the information given above, a new approach to higher education institutions, a modified introduction to the education system is becoming a demand of the times. The article focuses on the preparation of highly qualified personnel through the introduction of training into the higher education system.

This article provides a scientific-theoretical and empirical analysis of the prospects for the gradual introduction of the state social insurance system in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Based on the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On State Social Insurance” No. ORQ-1101 dated December 9, 2025, mechanisms for covering such social risks as maternity and childbirth benefits, temporary disability benefits, and later unemployment benefits are being introduced starting from 2026. The article examines the limitations of the existing pension system, the economic and social effectiveness of the new system, issues of demographic pressure, and financial sustainability. For the empirical analysis, tables and graphs based on data from the State Statistics Agency, the World Bank, and the International Labour Organization are presented. The research findings indicate that the social insurance system plays a significant role in promoting formal employment, reducing the risk of poverty, and supporting economic growth. However, challenges such as the informal sector and demographic aging need to be addressed.

It is aimed at improving the social stratification of the population and their standard of living, reducing inequality. In addition, solving the issues of distribution and redistribution of the population's income will ensure a comfortable standard of living not only for the needy. In a certain sense, the provision of employment in the informal sector is aimed at protecting the social rights of employees. Establishing progressive tax rates on the incomes of individuals in order to reduce the level of income stratification of the population in our country. Entrepreneurship is aimed at creating new jobs and increasing income

The recent tax reforms in Uzbekistan have had a positive impact on the country's economic growth by encouraging investment, increasing consumption, developing entrepreneurship, increasing competitiveness, attracting foreign direct investment, encouraging the formalization of the informal sector, generating income for public investment and developing public investment. Through an in-depth analysis of tax reforms and their impact on various economic indicators, this study provides valuable insights into the role of tax policy in promoting economic growth in Uzbekistan.

The article highlights the methodological foundations of applying fiscal policy tools to legalize the shadow economy. It examines opportunities for transitioning from the informal to the formal sector through tax optimization, digitalization, and enhanced budget transparency. Based on international experience, recommendations tailored to Uzbekistan’s context are proposed.