This research paper investigates the relationship between government external debt and economic growth, focusing on its nature and impact. The findings suggest that the nature of government external debt, encompassing its composition, terms, and sustainability, significantly affects its impact on economic growth. Additionally, the analysis examines debt levels, debt service obligations, and the effectiveness of debt management strategies. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications and proposing measures to ensure sustainable debt management practices that foster long-term economic growth.

This article examines the impact of external debt on economic growth through the lenses of classical, Keynesian, neoclassical, and endogenous growth theories. The study identifies the institutional environment, the optimal level of debt burden, investment allocation, and the quality of public governance as key determinants of external debt effectiveness.

This article analyzes the economic significance of internal and external factors affecting product cost, as well as methods of econometric modeling and forecasting to assess their impact. Additionally, the article covers the practical application of econometric modeling and forecasting and their impact on the activities of manufacturing enterprises. Scientific proposals and practical recommendations are provided based on the research results.

This article covers the essence of state debt, its types, financial sources, the differences between foreign investment and state external debt. The article also describes in what cases and for what purposes the state resorts to debt obligations. The article analyzes the economic and financial situation of the debts received by Uzbekistan, and indicates from which countries and foreign financial institutions the amount of debt was received. It also provides a statistical analysis of the sectors and areas to which debt obligations received by Uzbekistan are directed.

This article analyzes the demographic impact of external labor migration on the population dynamics of Uzbekistan. Such factors as territorial imbalances arising as a result of migration, an increase in birth rates, and an increase in the working-age population were studied on the basis of statistical methods. The research results provide a scientific basis for determining the long-term demographic consequences of migration processes and the development of relevant policy decisions. The article is theoretically and practically relevant and serves to improve demographic policy.

The article reflects the results of a study of the Islamic capital market, which has become increasingly popular in recent years. It examines the degree of robustness of the instruments of the Islamic capital market to external shock factors in comparison with traditional ones. The author drew important conclusions as a result of an analysis conducted using the Hills estimation and OLS log-log regression methods.

The article provides an analysis of the literature on the theoretical foundations of lending mechanisms of commercial banks, as well as their interrelationship with the credit mechanism. Also, the theoretical foundations of external factors influencing the lending mechanisms of commercial banks in the economy are explained, and the aspects that should be paid attention to in practice related to them are highlighted, and appropriate conclusions are presented.

In this article, the processes of globalization and its impact on the country's economic security, as well as internal and external factors that threaten economic security, are thoroughly studied.

The scientific article examines the factors affecting the liquidity of commercial banks during the current banking crisis. In this case, the bank's liquidity depends not only on the bank's internal but also external factors. Also, the rational allocation of resources from the point of view of generating income has a positive effect on the financial stability of banks, in particular, on their liquidity. At the moment, the low quality of loans allocated by banks and the increase in the volume of problem loans have a negative impact on bank liquidity.

This article examines the concept of profit, how it is formed and the factors that influence it. Profit is affected by many factors, and they were divided into two groups: external and internal factors. Bank profit is formed on the basis of the bank's credit, deposit, settlement and other types of banking activities. Traditionally, the largest share falls on the margin, that is, the difference between deposit and credit interest. The scientific work also examines and analyzes the practical data of the entire banking system throughout 2023. Based on these data, the largest share of the income item, as well as expenses, was determined. In addition, it is possible to observe the dynamics of increase and decrease in interest and non-interest income.

In this article, the need to adapt the production of small businesses to the conditions of economic modernization has led to increased interest in the formation of an innovative infrastructure, since it is almost impossible to identify prospects and develop measures to increase the competitiveness of the industry in market conditions without anticipating further development trends. In this regard, important internal and external factors influencing the development of measures to develop the infrastructure of innovative services for small business enterprises are highlighted.

This article examines the interconnections, differences, and roles of cost accounting and financial accounting in organizational management. Cost accounting provides data for strategic and operational decision-making within an organization, while financial accounting reflects the financial condition of the company for external stakeholders. The article compares cost accounting and financial accounting in terms of their users, objectives, focus areas, and reporting standards. Additionally, it highlights how these two accounting systems complement each other and contribute to improving the overall efficiency of the organization. The article is relevant and practical for managers, accountants, and researchers.

This article is dedicated to the classification and analysis of factors influencing the management system of competitiveness in textile enterprises. It examines the key aspects of the management system necessary to improve the quality of products manufactured by enterprises in the textile industry and to ensure their competitiveness. As a solution to the issue, both internal and external factors are analyzed, including resources, innovation activities, strategic programs, and the significance of the management system, as well as the technologies and human resources required to enhance competitiveness.

This article classifies the current problems faced by youth in choosing a profession in the labor market, as well as improving vocational guidance processes based on the experience of foreign countries. It also analyzes modern professions in both the internal and external labor markets and the orientation of youth toward these careers, along with vocational guidance practices in general education institutions. In addition, the article offers suggestions and recommendations for increasing youth employment opportunities through training in modern professions and foreign languages.

This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of innovative development in industrial enterprises. Innovation plays a vital role in increasing growth rates and competitiveness in an industry. The article examines various theoretical models of innovative development, their stages, and the specifics of their application in industrial enterprises. It also analyzes the internal and external factors necessary for effective innovation management. Recommendations for the practical application of theoretical knowledge are provided, and areas for further research are identified.

The article analyzes in detail the factors influencing the development of tourism in the regions. The role and importance of external and internal factors in the development of tourism are discussed.

The article discusses the concept of financial stability of an enterprise, describes modern approaches to assessing financial stability and ways to improve it. The importance of managing the financial stability of an enterprise in modern conditions of external threats is emphasized.

The article analyzes the research results of foreign and domestic scientists on reducing poverty and improving the standard of living of the population. Analytical opinions about the created system for reducing poverty and future plans were put forward. Internal and external factors influencing the improvement of the standard of living of the world population and the reforms aimed at them, scientific researches on reducing poverty continue on a large scale. In particular, the optimal point of the consumption basket, the minimum living wage, the minimum consumption expenditure amount, and the development of criteria for determining the poverty and destitution thresholds, as well as comments on the scientific research works on the directions of private entrepreneurship for the population based on the neighborhood work system. In the literature analysis, normative documents issued on poverty reduction in our country are cited. Proposals and recommendations for the further development of the population's standard of living are presented based on the neighborhood work system.

Population aging is an important trend of social development. At present, China is in the largest aging process in history, catching up with or even surpassing the aging speed of Western countries in the rapid evolution, with many pressures and challenges under the complex internal and external environment. China has put forward a series of new theories, new ideas and new strategies on the work of aging, forming a theoretical system with rich connotation, complete system and strict logic, which guides the practice of the Chinese government to deal with population aging. This paper deeply analyzes the relevant theoretical basis, analyzes the current situation, characteristics and causes of China's aging, and summarizes the practice of China's innovative response to aging since 2010, in order to provide valuable experience for the rest of the world to deal with aging.

The scientific article shows the content and essence of the mechanism of development of enterprises in the construction materials industry. In particular, ensuring the integration of elements of organizational structures and increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise; ensuring self-regulation and interaction of elements in order to organize efficient production; ensuring a steady push to create a permanent combination of production factors based on innovative risk; based on increasing the sustainability of the internal and external environment of the enterprise, as well as ensuring liberalism and effective development of enterprises.

The article analyzes current issues of economic security in industrial clusters of the Republic of Uzbekistan using the example of cotton and textile clusters. The essence of economic security is studied from a theoretical point of view and the importance of its assessment is described. In addition, the economic indicators of cotton-textile clusters were analyzed and recommendations were proposed to ensure their economic sustainability and safety.

This article presents the conclusions of studies devoted to improving the
mechanisms for managing innovation activity in IT organizations using a specific case as an example.
The article highlights the complexities and challenges that organizations face when integrating new
technologies and management practices, and demonstrates the importance of an integrated
approach, including strategic planning, modularization of work, use of external resources,
collaboration and the development of detailed documentation. The author offers recommendations
for optimizing innovation management, emphasizing the need for cultural changes in the organization
for successful innovation

The key economic task of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in market conditions is to ensure competitiveness in product markets in the area of their production specialization. In addition, long-term economic development dictates the need for a sufficient level of competitiveness in financial markets, that is, acceptable conditions for access to external sources of financing for operating and investment activities. Solving this problem is impossible without the implementation of large-scale investment projects that require significant amounts of financial and material resources. At the same time, in many sectors of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan there is a contradiction between the real need for the volume of financing of investment activities aimed at updating and developing the material and technical base, and the available sources of its own financial resources. One of the reasons for this situation is the lack of an effective management system for financial and investment activities, which is based on modern methodological principles and uses the latest technologies and tools for financial management of SMEs. All this predetermines the relevance of scientific substantiation of new methodological approaches to managing the investment activities of enterprises that are adequate to the current financial and economic conditions of their functioning.

The article examines the concept of "investment processes". Definitions and opinions of leading scientists in this field are given to the concept of "investment processes". This is the difference between investment processes and investment activities. The main components of investment processes and their content are expressed. The article also analyzes several models of investment processes based on the experience of economic development of countries in accordance with world practice. Based on the analysis provided, appropriate conclusions and proposals are made.

This article examines the evolution of strategic management, from the origins of the concept to its dissemination in business and academia. The article also examines the evolution of strategic management over the decades, noting its adaptation to changes in technology, sustainability and globalization. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of strategic management in gaining competitive advantage and adapting to both internal and external changes.