The article examines international experience in the formation and functioning of mass appraisal systems using the examples of selected countries. The selected countries include the United States and Sweden, where mass appraisal systems have been successfully operating for several decades, as well as Lithuania and Slovenia, where mass appraisal systems were introduced relatively recently, at the beginning of the 21st century. A comparative analysis and generalization of the main aspects of mass appraisal systems in the selected countries are conducted. In particular, the article addresses legislative regulation of mass appraisal, management of the mass appraisal process (in terms of the distribution of functions and powers among key stakeholders), consideration and analysis of input data related to the economic and physical-technical characteristics of real estate objects, as well as the application of valuation approaches and methods in the appraisal of specific types of real estate.

The article explores the methodological foundations for assessing the value of human capital in economic entities. Existing methods for evaluating the value of human capital have been thoroughly analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of human capital assessment methods are revealed from the perspective of cost and income approaches, as well as the prospects for their practical application.

In this article, the approaches of various researchers on the activities, characteristics, issuance of securities, etc. of state-owned companies in the study of issues of assessing the value and profitability of the stocks of state-owned companies are studied. Methods and directions for assessing the value and profitability of stocks of state-owned companies are analyzed. Relevant conclusions are developed based on the study of issues of assessing the value and profitability of stocks of state-owned companies.

This article discusses in detail the concept of economic efficiency of the railway transport system and its theoretical foundations. The economic efficiency of transport services represents the rational use of transport resources and the ability to have a positive impact on national economic growth. This article reviews important aspects of international and local experience. It also identifies the main indicators and criteria used to assess economic efficiency. The results of the study serve as an important scientific basis for developing strategies aimed at developing the railway transport system. The article analyzes the concept of economic efficiency and modern approaches to its assessment.

This article examines the impact of agro-industrial integration on the economic efficiency of Uzbekistan’s agricultural sector using econometric methods based on panel data covering 13 regions. The main indices of agro-industrial integration are represented by the shares of farm households, dekhkan and subsidiary farms, and agricultural organizations in the total volume of agricultural output. Panel regression results confirm a positive and statistically significant effect of integration indicators on agricultural output growth rates. The findings suggest that institutional strengthening of agro-industrial integration creates opportunities to enhance agricultural sector efficiency, increase farmers’ incomes, and promote rural employment.

This article develops an econometric framework to formalize the determinants of consumer behavior and to quantify their effects on purchase decisions and consumption volumes. The analysis systematizes key drivers such as income and income uncertainty, prices and inflation expectations, household socio-demographic characteristics, access to information and digital channels, marketing exposure, and behavioral factors (trust and risk preferences). Methodologically, the study employs discrete-choice models (logit/probit) to estimate purchase probabilities, regression and panel data specifications (fixed/random effects) to model demand intensity, and strategies to mitigate endogeneity (instrumental variables and robustness checks). The proposed formalization supports evidence-based consumer policy design, market monitoring, and evaluation of interventions aimed at improving market transparency and consumer welfare.

This article examines the methodological foundations of preparing the balance sheet, directions for its improvement, and issues of expanding analytical capabilities. The balance sheet is considered the primary source of information when assessing the financial condition of an enterprise, and its proper formation is crucial when making financial decisions. The article describes modern approaches to determining the composition of assets and liabilities, analyzing the balance sheet structure and liquidity level, as well as the possibilities of increasing the information value of balance sheet data through digital technologies and automated accounting systems. The research results serve to effectively use the balance sheet data, assess the financial stability of the enterprise, and optimize management decisions.

The article examined the economic prerequisites for the spatial organization of productive forces and the uneven development of regional economies, and studied the literature on the topic. An analysis of various theories was made and principles and approaches to overcoming the uneven development of regional economies were identified.

This article deals with the problem of assessing the effectiveness of state financial control mechanisms in modern conditions. Various approaches to measuring the effectiveness of control mechanisms are analyzed, as well as factors influencing the achievement of optimal results in the field of financial control are identified. In conclusion, the importance of constant monitoring and analysis of the effectiveness of state financial control is substantiated.