The article analyzes the progress of the Triple Helix innovative model, the reasons and conditions for its change. The original model considered the interaction of the state, business structures and the scientific (including university) community. The article demonstrates how the interaction of elements becomes more complex with the emergence of the fourth, called "public" (media, culture, creative industry, etc.). The role of this element in the Quadruple Helix innovative model is studied. The significance of the work lies in clarifying the characteristics and conditions for the complication of innovative interaction. The Fivefold Helix innovation model illustrates what qualitative changes occur in the relationships of innovation process participants. It accumulates ecological and social aspects of development.
This article analyzes the role and development trends of modern financial technologies — fintech services — in international markets. The author highlights the emergence of fintech technologies in the context of the digital economy, the reasons for their global expansion, and their impact on the financial services sector. Based on a regional analysis, the article examines the specific features of fintech development in various regions (North America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, and LAMEA). Using the examples of major fintech companies such as PayPal, Stripe, Revolut, and Ant Group, the article emphasizes the expansion of digital payments, open banking, blockchain technologies, and services based on artificial intelligence. Drawing on statistical data and international experience, the article identifies the key advantages of fintech services, including high speed, cost reduction, financial inclusion, and the provision of innovative products. The conclusion highlights the prospects for further development of the fintech sector and the need for cooperation between technological innovation and state regulators. The article is of both theoretical and practical interest for banking professionals, participants in the financial services market, and those involved in the digitalization of the economy.
