The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of dividend policy in joint-stock companies, the mechanism of profit distribution, and the issues of reflecting dividend payments in accounting. The impact of dividend policy on financial stability, investment potential, and capital structure is substantiated. The correspondence of accounts involved in profit distribution and practical problems of dividend accounting are examined. The introduction of a separate working account for recording unclaimed dividends is proposed. The results confirm the necessity of aligning dividend policy with the actual financial condition of the enterprise

The article analyzes the challenges and development directions of stock trading on Uzbekistan’s capital market. It provides recommendations to increase issuer activity, reduce state ownership, protect investor rights, and ensure balance in dividend policy

This article examines the impact of the systematic application of good corporate governance tools on the capitalization of joint-stock companies. Based on empirical data from leading public companies in Uzbekistan, an integrated model is proposed that includes board independence, audit committees, dividend policy, gender diversity, and stakeholder engagement. The results of the regression analysis show that the combined use of these corporate governance mechanisms significantly increases the value of Tobin’s Q, confirming the theoretical propositions of agency theory, resource-based approach, and stakeholder theory.